Progress of the role and molecular mechanism of pyroptosis in leukemia / 国际儿科学杂志

Pyroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death in recent years.The researches show that pyroptosis plays an important role in many diseases.Leukemia is a malignant hematopoietic stem cell disease, which seriously threatens the health and life of children.Numerous studies have shown that pyroptosis is associated with the occurrence and development of leukemia, and elucidation the mechanism of pyroptosis in leukemia will provide a new method of clinical treatment.In this review, in order to enhance the understanding of the mechanism of pyroptosis and provide some ideas for the treatment of leukemia, the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis and its role in leukemia are reviewed.

Study on the risk of mortality and associated factors among HIV-exposed children in Henan province, 2002-2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the status of survival and related risk factors among HIV-exposed children in Henan province from 2002 to 2014.Methods A follow-up program was set up when infants as 1,3,6,9,12,18 month olds.Data regarding the HIV-exposed children and their mothers were collected,including service of PMTCT,antiviral therapy,incidence of infectious disease and survival status of infants.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the risk factors.Results A total number of 1 705 HIV-infected infants were reported from 2002 to 2014.Among them,1 536 infants (90.09％) were still alive when they were at one and a half years old,with another 58 (3.40％) lost to follow up and 111 (6.51％) infants were dead.The cumulative mortality rates in HIV-exposed children,newborn,and HIV-exposed infants were 67.39‰,23.07‰,and 57.01‰,respectively.No statistical significance was found on the decreasing tendency of mortality in different years.The leading cause of death was noticed as pneumonia,with a proportion of 32.43％,followed by suspected AIDS.Early diagnosis had not been made in infants.Low-birth weight (OR=4.97,95％CI:3.12-7.92) seemed to be a risk factor.Early detection in pregnancy (OR=0.46,95％ CI:0.26-0.80) and HARRT provided to children (OR=0.25,95％ CI:0.15-0.42) were recognized as protective factors.Conclusions The mortality of HIV-exposed children were high,which called for the development of programs on early infant diagnosis and HARRT.Measures should be taken to prevent pneumonia and other infectious diseases,together with nutrition support and monitor program on growth.

A qualitative study on high risk behaviors and related factors of reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 60 years and above in some areas of Henan province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the major high risk behaviors and related factors among reported HIV/AIDS cases aged ≥60 years in some areas of Henan province.Methods In Dengzhou,Xunxian county of Hebi and Xiangcheng county of Xuchang,where the reported number and proportion of HIV/AIDS cases aged ≥60 years were high,a face to face interview was conducted among the cases aged ≥60 years during July-August in 2016.The information about the high risk behaviors before HIV infection confirmation were collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results A total of 33 HIV/AIDS cases aged ≥60 years were interviewed,including 28 males and 5 females.Their average age was 67.4 years.The infection route was sexual contact.The main findings revealed that the main factor for HIV infection in elder males was commercial heterosexual behavior with local female sex workers.The condom use rate was low.The poor awareness of the knowledge about AIDS prevention could explain why the elderly could not recognize the risk of HIV infection.There were also homosexual and bisexual behaviors in elder male HIV/AIDS patients.Late detection of HIV transmission among couples was the main cause of HIV infection in elder women.Conclusions The major epidemiological related factors for HIV infection in the elderly in some areas of Henan were unsafe sex behavior and the poor awareness of knowledge about AIDS prevention.A targeted strategy should be taken to control the spread of HIV in the elderly.

Effectiveness of prevention of mother to child HIV transmission in Henan province, 2002-2013 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on preventing mother to child transmission of HIV and identify the influencing factors.Methods The data regarding the pregnant women and their infants were collected,including demographic characteristics,pregnancy and delivery,access to antiviral therapy,HIV infection status at age 18 months and survival of infants between 2002 and 2013 through follow-up,Multivariate logistic regression model were used to identify the influencing factors.Results By the end of 2013,a total of 8 621 554 pregnant women received HIV test,among them 2 264 were infected with HIV.The positive rate of HIV is 0.03％.The HIV positive rate decreased year by year (x2=4.871,P=0.027).A total of 1 530 infants were born from 2002 to 2013,among them 1 384 survived and 92 died at age of 18 months,and 54 were lost for follow up.Sixty infants were tested to be HIV-positive,1 324 infants were tested to be HIV-negative.The mother to child transmission rate was 4.34％,the corrective mother to child transmission rate was 6.33％.Receiving HIV prevention service in early pregnancy (OR=0.26,95％ CI:0.09-0.77),standardized antiviral therapy OR=0.42,95％CI:0.21-0.82),artificial feeding (OR=0.06,95％CI:0.02-0.21) might be the mam protective factors,episiotomy on delivery (OR=3.91,95％ CI:1.74-8.80) might be the risk factors.Conclusion The HIV tested positive rate remained to be low and decreased year by year in pregnant women in Henan,but the mother to child HIV transmission rate was high.It is necessary to improve the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission.

Study on the risk of mortality and associated factors among HIV-exposed children in Henan province, 2002-2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the status of survival and related risk factors among HIV-exposed children in Henan province from 2002 to 2014.Methods A follow-up program was set up when infants as 1,3,6,9,12,18 month olds.Data regarding the HIV-exposed children and their mothers were collected,including service of PMTCT,antiviral therapy,incidence of infectious disease and survival status of infants.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the risk factors.Results A total number of 1 705 HIV-infected infants were reported from 2002 to 2014.Among them,1 536 infants (90.09％) were still alive when they were at one and a half years old,with another 58 (3.40％) lost to follow up and 111 (6.51％) infants were dead.The cumulative mortality rates in HIV-exposed children,newborn,and HIV-exposed infants were 67.39‰,23.07‰,and 57.01‰,respectively.No statistical significance was found on the decreasing tendency of mortality in different years.The leading cause of death was noticed as pneumonia,with a proportion of 32.43％,followed by suspected AIDS.Early diagnosis had not been made in infants.Low-birth weight (OR=4.97,95％CI:3.12-7.92) seemed to be a risk factor.Early detection in pregnancy (OR=0.46,95％ CI:0.26-0.80) and HARRT provided to children (OR=0.25,95％ CI:0.15-0.42) were recognized as protective factors.Conclusions The mortality of HIV-exposed children were high,which called for the development of programs on early infant diagnosis and HARRT.Measures should be taken to prevent pneumonia and other infectious diseases,together with nutrition support and monitor program on growth.

A qualitative study on high risk behaviors and related factors of reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 60 years and above in some areas of Henan province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the major high risk behaviors and related factors among reported HIV/AIDS cases aged ≥60 years in some areas of Henan province.Methods In Dengzhou,Xunxian county of Hebi and Xiangcheng county of Xuchang,where the reported number and proportion of HIV/AIDS cases aged ≥60 years were high,a face to face interview was conducted among the cases aged ≥60 years during July-August in 2016.The information about the high risk behaviors before HIV infection confirmation were collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results A total of 33 HIV/AIDS cases aged ≥60 years were interviewed,including 28 males and 5 females.Their average age was 67.4 years.The infection route was sexual contact.The main findings revealed that the main factor for HIV infection in elder males was commercial heterosexual behavior with local female sex workers.The condom use rate was low.The poor awareness of the knowledge about AIDS prevention could explain why the elderly could not recognize the risk of HIV infection.There were also homosexual and bisexual behaviors in elder male HIV/AIDS patients.Late detection of HIV transmission among couples was the main cause of HIV infection in elder women.Conclusions The major epidemiological related factors for HIV infection in the elderly in some areas of Henan were unsafe sex behavior and the poor awareness of knowledge about AIDS prevention.A targeted strategy should be taken to control the spread of HIV in the elderly.

Effectiveness of prevention of mother to child HIV transmission in Henan province, 2002-2013 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on preventing mother to child transmission of HIV and identify the influencing factors.Methods The data regarding the pregnant women and their infants were collected,including demographic characteristics,pregnancy and delivery,access to antiviral therapy,HIV infection status at age 18 months and survival of infants between 2002 and 2013 through follow-up,Multivariate logistic regression model were used to identify the influencing factors.Results By the end of 2013,a total of 8 621 554 pregnant women received HIV test,among them 2 264 were infected with HIV.The positive rate of HIV is 0.03％.The HIV positive rate decreased year by year (x2=4.871,P=0.027).A total of 1 530 infants were born from 2002 to 2013,among them 1 384 survived and 92 died at age of 18 months,and 54 were lost for follow up.Sixty infants were tested to be HIV-positive,1 324 infants were tested to be HIV-negative.The mother to child transmission rate was 4.34％,the corrective mother to child transmission rate was 6.33％.Receiving HIV prevention service in early pregnancy (OR=0.26,95％ CI:0.09-0.77),standardized antiviral therapy OR=0.42,95％CI:0.21-0.82),artificial feeding (OR=0.06,95％CI:0.02-0.21) might be the mam protective factors,episiotomy on delivery (OR=3.91,95％ CI:1.74-8.80) might be the risk factors.Conclusion The HIV tested positive rate remained to be low and decreased year by year in pregnant women in Henan,but the mother to child HIV transmission rate was high.It is necessary to improve the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission.

HIV infection status among men who have sex with men in Henan, 2008-2013 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the infection status of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Henan province and provide scientific evidence for the development of AIDS prevention and control measures.Methods The analysis was conducted on the data about incidence of HIV infection and related risk factors among MSM in Henan from 2008 to 2013,which were obtained from AIDS reporting information system and AIDS survey in MSM.Results The constituent of HIV infection in MSM increased from 1.3％ in 2008 to 17.1％ in 2013.The HIV infection rate in MSM increased from 4.69％ in 2008 to 8.33％ in 2013 (trend x2=39.24,P＜0.001).Univariate analysis indicated that the risk factors related with HIV infection included age (x2=21.03,P＜0.001),education level (x2=31.66,P＜0.001),occupation (x2=14.59,P=0.01),condom use in the last anal sex (x2=134.97,P＜ 0.001),condom use in anal sex during past 6 months (x2 =97.15,P＜0.001),STI history (x2=67.21,P＜0.001) and syphilis prevalence (x2=163.60,P＜0.001).Multivariate analysis indicated that HIV infection related risk factors included age,STD history,syphilis prevalence and poor awareness of AIDS related knowledge.Conclusion The incidence of HIV infection among MSM in Henan increased rapidly,and homosexual transmission has become the major route of HIV infection.HIV infection related risk behavior is prevalent among MSM,therefore,it is necessary to take effective measures to prevent and control HIV/AIDS in MSM.

Analysis of Susceptibility Trend of Main Pathogen to Antibiotics in Our Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical application of antibiotics and the management of pathogen. METH-ODS:The clinical isolated bacteria in our hospital from 2011 to 2014 were identified and analyzed,and the amount of antibiotics in our hospital from 2011 to 2014 were analyzed. The operation and result of drug susceptibility test were in accordance with the standard of clinical laboratory standards institute(CLSI),using WHONET software for statistical processing. RESULTS:The main bacteria isolated in our hospital during 2011-2014 were as follows:constituent ratio of Escherichia coli were 14.93%,16.81%, 15.01% and 15.41%,respectively;that of Staphylococcus aureus were 9.84%,11.90%,9.83% and 7.17%,respectively;that of Acinetobacter baumannii were 9.00%, 9.95%, 14.24% and 18.64%, respectively;that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 12.36%,12.42%,14.20% and 15.48%,respectively. The main antibiotics used in our hospital during 2011-2014 were as fol-lows:the amount of piperacillin/tazobactam(2.25 g/a)were 4 685,12 610,13 639 and 14 542,respectively;that of cefepime (0.5 g/a)were 8 613,24 738,12 684 and 6 751,respectively;that of aztreonam(0.5 g/a)were 14 124,32 062,3 323 and 4 534,respectively;that of meropenem(0.5 g/a)were 2 291,5 436,6 813 and 5 341,repectively;that of levofloxacin(0.3 g/a) were 12 253,40 893,48 468 and 50 558,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:With the increase of antibiotics,susceptibility rate of main pathogen are gradually decreased;rational use of antibiotics plays an important role in decreasing the drug resistance.

Analysis on HIV suppression effect after initiating antiretroviral treatment and related factors among AIDS patients in Henan province during 2008 and 2013 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the HIV suppression rate after initiating antiretroviral treatment(ART) among AIDS patients at different immunological levels and to analyze the related factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data on AIDS patients initially starting antiretroviral therapy during 2008 and 2013 were collected from Chinese HIV/AIDS integrated control system. All the participants were divided into early treatment group(baseline CD4(+)T cell counts between 351/µl and 500/µl) and conventional treatment group(baseline CD4(+)T cell counts ≤ 350/µl). The rates of comprehensive virologic suppression at different time nodes after the initiation of ART were analyzed accordingly. Unconditional logistic regression model was adopted to examine the factors associated with the failure of viral suppression after 6 months after initiation of ART.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 16 103 cases were selected, among which, 1 581 cases were early treatment group, and 14 522 cases were conventional treatment group. A total of 9 428 cases were males, 6 675 cases were females, and the sex ratio was 1.41: 1. The age was 47.2 ± 11.7, and 71.55% (11 522/16 103) of cases were married or cohabiting, 57.22% (9 214/16 103) were transmitted by blood. 81.26% (13 086/16 103) were cures in the township or village treatment institution, and 77.17% (12 426/16 103) received the ART regimen as Stavudine(D4T) or Zidovudine(AZT)+Lamivudine(3TC)+Nevirapine(NVP) or Efevirenz(EFV). After 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years after the initiation of ART, the rates of virologic suppression in the conventional treatment cohort were 72.6% (3 008/4 144), 73.9% (4 758/6 443), 74.1% (3 641/4 915), 74.9% (2 819/3 766), 76.1% (1 729/2 272) and 78.2% (492/629), respectively. While the rates of viral suppression in the early treatment cohort at the same time nodes were 65.5% (315/481), 65.4% (448/685), 68.8% (223/324), 66.0% (155/235), 71.4% (110/154) and 61% (30/49), respectively, and the differences between the two groups were significant (P < 0.05) except at the fourth year. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that in the conventional treatment group, factors associated with low HIV suppression rate were male (OR = 1.23, 95%CI:1.07-1.42) , longer time interval from confirmed HIV infection to received ART (OR = 1.26, 95%CI:1.16-1.36) , using D4T/AZT+ DDI +NVP/EFV as initial treatment regimen (OR = 3.00, 95%CI:2.26-3.98) and nearly missing doses for 7 days at treatment of six months (OR = 1.97, 95%CI:1.22-3.18) and factors associated with high HIV suppression rate were infected through homosexual transmission route (OR = 0.57, 95%CI:0.35-0.90) and treated in the county level medical institution or above (OR = 0.61, 95%CI:0.50-0.75) . Among early treatment group, cases who received treatment at county level medical institution or above had high HIV suppression rate (OR = 0.43, 95%CI:0.23-0.80) and objects with longer time interval from confirmed HIV infection to receive ART had low HIV suppression rate (OR = 1.43, 95%CI:1.09-1.88).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The viral suppression efficacy among AIDS patients with different baseline immunologic levels after treatment was similarly satisfactory. AIDS cases who received ART at county level medical institution or above had better viral suppression effect and patients with longer time interval from confirmation to treatment had poor HIV suppression effect.</p>

Survival analysis of the AIDS patients under 14 years of age and receiving antiretroviral treatment in Henan province from 2003 to 2014 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the survival status and influencing factors of the AIDS patients under 14 years of age and receiving antiretroviral treatment in Henan Province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Database of children AIDS patients receiving ART were download from China information system for disease preventioin and control-AIDS, AIDS cases from January, 2003 to June, 2014 were selected to be analyzed. Demographic characteristics baseline laboratory inclusion criteria: F First time receive national free ART during study; aged 14 years or below; and with relatively complete baseline information and follow-up information. 1 037 cases were selected. Patient information about survival status, death, demographic characteristics, and baseline laboratory test results were analyzed. The accumulated survival rate of AIDS patients was calculated by life table method and the influencing factors were analyzed by COX proportional hazard model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1 037 AIDS children-cases ((9.52 ± 3.56) years old) which included 628 boys and 409 girls were recruited in the study, 939 cases survived 1 to 9 years from starting ART treatment and 98 cases died. Accumulated survival rate of AIDS children receiving ART from 1 year to 9 years were 96.11%, 94.17%, 92.74%, 91.28%, 90.54%, 89.47%, 88.52%, 88.52%, 86.84%, respectively. Results of multivariate analysis showed baseline count of CD4⁺ T lymphocyte (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.36-0.72), duration from confirmation to the initial ART time (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.97) and hemoglobin level (HR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.09-4.70) were influence factors for survival time of AIDS children patients receiving ART.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Survival rate of AIDS children aged 14 years or below and receiving ART in Henan Province was relatively high. Timely surveillance of CD4⁺ T and the hemoglobin level of the AIDS patients so as to timely launch HARRT could extend survival time of AIDS patients.</p>

Effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis used for AIDS patients under anti-retroviral therapy / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the situation of survival among AIDS patients under co-trimoxazole prophylaxis as initial anti-retroviral therapy(ART),in Henan province during 2007-2011. Methods Information on AIDS patients receiving initial ART during 2007-2011 was collected from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Integrated Control System. Kaplan-Meier estimation was used to generate survival curves,and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine associated factors of survival status. According to the previous CTX use before ART,the subjects were divided into 3 groups including who had never taken CTX,who had taken CTX and still taking now,who had taken CTX and not current taking. Results A total of 13 103 eligible AIDS patients were identified. 1 702 patients died within 6 years after the initiation of ART,with the mortality as 4.46/100 person year. Among the 455 patients who died within 3 months and 970 died within 12 months,the mortality rates were 14.15/100 person year and 7.78/100 person year,respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the survival time and mortality of the patients who had taken CTX was longer AND lower than those patients who had never taken CTX when starting the ART program. Results from the log-rank test showed that the difference of two groups was statistically significant during 12 months after the ART(log-rank=5.15,P=0.02). After controlling for other variables,results from multivariable analysis of COX model showed that factors as age,gender,marital status,perion between confirmed diagnosis and receiving the ART,baseline CD4+T cells count,clinical stage,initial therapy schedule,date when starting the ART,number of symptoms at baseline,use of CTX before starting the ART and ART being skipped in the last seven days etc,were associated with the time of survival in patients after the initiation of ART. Patients who had been taking CTX at ART initiation were at lower risk of death (adjusted HR=0.71,95%CI:0.63-0.80;P=0.00),compared to those who had never taken the CTX. Conclusion The co-trimoxazole prophylaxis program was associated with the reduced mortality among AIDS patients who were on ART in Henan province,especially during the first year.

Effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis used for AIDS patients under anti-retroviral therapy / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the situation of survival among AIDS patients under co-trimoxazole prophylaxis as initial anti-retroviral therapy(ART),in Henan province during 2007-2011. Methods Information on AIDS patients receiving initial ART during 2007-2011 was collected from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Integrated Control System. Kaplan-Meier estimation was used to generate survival curves,and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine associated factors of survival status. According to the previous CTX use before ART,the subjects were divided into 3 groups including who had never taken CTX,who had taken CTX and still taking now,who had taken CTX and not current taking. Results A total of 13 103 eligible AIDS patients were identified. 1 702 patients died within 6 years after the initiation of ART,with the mortality as 4.46/100 person year. Among the 455 patients who died within 3 months and 970 died within 12 months,the mortality rates were 14.15/100 person year and 7.78/100 person year,respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the survival time and mortality of the patients who had taken CTX was longer AND lower than those patients who had never taken CTX when starting the ART program. Results from the log-rank test showed that the difference of two groups was statistically significant during 12 months after the ART(log-rank=5.15,P=0.02). After controlling for other variables,results from multivariable analysis of COX model showed that factors as age,gender,marital status,perion between confirmed diagnosis and receiving the ART,baseline CD4+T cells count,clinical stage,initial therapy schedule,date when starting the ART,number of symptoms at baseline,use of CTX before starting the ART and ART being skipped in the last seven days etc,were associated with the time of survival in patients after the initiation of ART. Patients who had been taking CTX at ART initiation were at lower risk of death (adjusted HR=0.71,95%CI:0.63-0.80;P=0.00),compared to those who had never taken the CTX. Conclusion The co-trimoxazole prophylaxis program was associated with the reduced mortality among AIDS patients who were on ART in Henan province,especially during the first year.

Effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis used for AIDS patients under anti-retroviral therapy / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the situation of survival among AIDS patients under cotrimoxazole prophylaxis as initial anti-retroviral therapy (ART), in Henan province during 2007-2011.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Information on AIDS patients receiving initial ART during 2007-2011 was collected from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Integrated Control System. Kaplan-Meier estimation was used to generate survival curves, and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine associated factors of survival status. According to the previous CTX use before ART, the subjects were divided into 3 groups including who had never taken CTX, who had taken CTX and still taking now, who had taken CTX and not current taking.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 13 103 eligible AIDS patients were identified. 1 702 patients died within 6 years after the initiation of ART, with the mortality as 4.46/100 person year. Among the 455 patients who died within 3 months and 970 died within 12 months, the mortality rates were 14.15/100 person year and 7.78/100 person year, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the survival time and mortality of the patients who had taken CTX was longer AND lower than those patients who had never taken CTX when starting the ART program. Results from the log-rank test showed that the difference of two groups was statistically significant during 12 months after the ART(log-rank = 5.15, P = 0.02). After controlling for other variables, results from multivariable analysis of COX model showed that factors as age, gender, marital status, perion between confirmed diagnosis and receiving the ART, baseline CD4(+) T cells count, clinical stage, initial therapy schedule, date when starting the ART, number of symptoms at baseline, use of CTX before starting the ART and ART being skipped in the last seven days etc, were associated with the time of survival in patients after the initiation of ART. Patients who had been taking CTX at ART initiation were at lower risk of death (adjusted HR = 0.71, 95% CI:0.63-0.80; P = 0.00), compared to those who had never taken the CTX.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The co-trimoxazole prophylaxis program was associated with the reduced mortality among AIDS patients who were on ART in Henan province, especially during the first year.</p>

Effect of ultrasound endometrium pattern at the day of hCG administration on clinical outcome in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To investigate the prediction value of ultrasound endometrial pattern at the day of hCG administration on clinical outcome in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET).Methods 679 cycles of IVF-ET conducted between January 2011 and December 2012 in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital were reviewed retrospectively.All cycles were divided into three groups based on the endometrial pattern measured on the hCG day:group A (n =411) with triple line endometrium,group B (n =228) with no obvious triple line endometrium,group C (n =40) with homogeneous hyperechoic endometrium.Clinical outcomes such as implantation rate,pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate were analyzed.Results Among three groups,the implantation rates were 27.05％,20.33％,19.57％,respectively (x2 =9.04,P =0.01); the pregnancy rates were 34.31％,25.00％,12.50％,respectively (x2 =12.20,P =0.00).The implantation rate and pregnancy rate in group A were higher than the other two groups (P ＜0.05).The miscarriage rates were 16.31％,19.30％,40.00％,respectively(P ＞ 0.05),there were no significant difference among them.Conclusions The ultrasound endometrium pattern on the day of hCG administration has predictive value on clinical outcome in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

Study on risk factors of hepatitis C virus infection among Han population in Henan province / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the risk factors of hepatitis C Virus Infection among Han population in Henan Province, providing evidence for the development of targeted prevention and control measures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this 1: 1 matched case-control study, data of 134 cases and 134 controls were collected in seven hospitals from June 2013 to September 2013. Case group with the following conditions: Han nationality, first diagnosed hepatitis C in 2013, Current address and investigation belong to the same district (county), above 18 years old; with the following conditions can't into case group: not to cooperate with the investigation, late-stage Hepatitis C patients. Control group with the following conditions: Han nationality, with the matched case patients the same gender, in the same hospital for treatment , from the same district (county), the age difference ≤ 5 years old and in the same age group. With the following conditions can't into control group:not to cooperate with the investigation, diagnosed with hepatitis B, hepatitis C patients. Collect 3 ml blood samples to test anti-HCV. Single factors were analyzed with χ(2) between case and control, risk factors were analyzed with logistic regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ratio about blood donation, blood transfusion, operation and acupuncture of cases were 35.1% (47/134), 27.6% (37/134), 42.5% (57/134), 12.7% (17/134), with differences compared to those of controls (2.2% (3/134), 5.2% (7/134), 21.6% (29/134), 5.2% (7/134))(χ(2) values were 47.60, 24.47, 13.42 and 4.58, all P values <0.05). Compared with those never received blood transfusion and those never donated blood, former blood receptors and blood donors had higher risk of hepatitis C infection(OR: 2.01, 95%CI:1.32-3.05; OR:2.68, 95%CI:1.85-3.88).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>of multiple nonconditional logistic regression analysis showed that Plasma donors and whole blood donors had higher risk of hepatitis C infection than those never donated plasma and blood (OR:76.71, 95%CI: 10.25-574.25; OR:10.23, 95%CI: 2.15-48.70).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Blood transfusion and abnormal blood are independent risk factors among Han population in Henan Province of hepatitis C infection. The Plasma donors, blood donors and with the increase in the times of blood transfusion, the risk of hepatitis C infection is increase.</p>

Survival effect regarding earlier initiation of antiretroviral treatment on AIDS patients / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the survival effect of initiation of antiretroviral treatment on AIDS patients at different stages so as to explore the best time of initiation with the treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Information regarding the dates of AIDS patient initially receiving the anti-retroviral therapy during 2007-2012 was collected from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Integrated Control System. According to the level of baseline immunology, all the participants were divided into earlier treatment group (baseline CD4(+) T cell counts between 350/µl and 500/µl) and conventional treatment group (baseline CD4(+) T cell counts ≤350/µl). Data was analyzed under Survival and Review methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total number of 16 282 cases were selected. The mortality of conventional treatment group was obviously higher than the earlier treatment group (5.78/100 person year vs. 1.64/100 person year), and the median survival time was lower than the earlier treatment group (2.07 year vs. 3.15 year). The cumulative survival rate of the 6-year conventional treatment group was lower than the earlier treatment group (77.39% vs. 92.10%, χ(2) = 156.00, P < 0.01). By means of multi-variable analysis, we found that factors as age, gender, marital status, route of transmission, schedule on initial therapy, number of symptoms at the baseline etc. in the conventional treatment group were associated with survival time of patients after the ART initiation (P < 0.05), while gender, schedule for initial therapy, number of symptoms at baseline etc. in the earlier treatment group, were associated with survival time of patients after the initiation of ART (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Earlier initiation of antiretroviral treatment on AIDS patients could improve the survival rate and prolong the survival time.</p>

Molecular diagnosis of Down's syndrome / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a new diagnostic method for Down's syndrome using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DNA extracted from five healthy individuals and five Down's syndrome patients was amplified in six specific tetranucleotide repeat loci on chromosome 21 using PCR. An accurate diagnosis was made by analyzing allelic distribution at each locus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All Down's syndrome patients were identified as having at least two loci with three alleles, while none of the healthy individuals had three alleles. In addition, when two alleles were identified for a particular locus in the Down's syndrome samples, it was more likely that the intensity ratio between the two alleles was close to 2:1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The molecular method can provide a fast, accurate, and economical alternation for the traditional cytogenetic diagnostic method for Down's syndrome.</p>

The Influence on the Maternal and Neonatal Outcome by the Type Ⅲ Antibody of Group B Streptococcus / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To learn the influence on the outcome of the pregnant by measuring the type Ⅲ antibody of Group B Streptococcus(GBS). Methods During December 31, 1997 to December 31, 2000, 28 pregnant women whose GBS screening were positive were selected as study group while 46 negative as control group. Vaginal swab cultures were conducted in 74 pregnant women at different gestational periods(before 20 gestational weeks, 20~28 weeks and after 34 weeks). After birth maternal and cord blood samples were collected immediately for the test of GBS IgG antibody with ELISA method. Results 28 of 74 women(37.8%)were GBS culture positive in the antenatal screening. The obstetrical complications such as gestational diabetes millitus, impaired glucose tolerance test, fetal growth retardation, premature rupture of membrane, threatened premature labor and asphyxia of newborn have no significant difference between the GBS carrier group and non-carrier group. The result was same for the newborns. The antibody(IgG)of GBS value of the 74 pairs of maternal and cord blood samples showed that the values of IgG in maternal blood samples and cord blood samples were (3.1?2.2) mg/L and (2.3?1.8) mg/L, respectively,r=0.86,P