Factors influencing malnutrition in tuberculosis patients based on analysis of nutritional status in different populations / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @#To investigate the nutritional status and dietary structure of tuberculosis patients among different populations , analyze the factors influencing the nutritional status of tuberculosis patients , and provide theoretical basis for improving clinical nutrition and related issues in tuberculosis patients.@*Methods @#Tuberculosis patients , non⁃tuberculosis patients , and healthy individuals were randomly selected for a questionnaire survey. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS 20. 0 software. Statistical description was performed using rates and composition ratios , and qualitative data were described using relative numbers. Chi⁃square test was used to compare overall rates and composition ratios among different health conditions groups , with a significance level of α = 0. 05. Independent factors analysis of nutritional status body mass index (BMI) was conducted using multiple Logistic regression analysis for variables with statistically significant differences in the univariate analysis. @*Results @#There were differences in the nutritional status (χ2 = 62. 184 , P < 0. 05) and dietary diversity score (χ2 = 64. 049 , P < 0. 05 ) among tuberculosis patients , non⁃tuberculosis patients , and healthy individuals. Univariate analysis of nutritional status BMI showed statistically significant differences in gender, smoking , meat⁃based diet , vegetable⁃based diet , moderate diet diversity score , and 6 other variables for tuberculosis patients ( P < 0. 05 ) , and in gender, age , ethnicity , marital status , occupation , education level , smoking , drinking white wine , drinking beer, meatcally significant differences in the univariate analysis were included in the multiple ordinal logistic regression analysis model for both tuberculosis patients and healthy individuals. The results showed that the level of education , vegetable intake , moderate food diversity score (DDS) of 4 - 6 were independent influencing factors of nutritional status BMI among tuberculosis patients (P < 0. 05) ; marital status was an independent influencing factor of nutritional status BMI among non⁃tuberculosis patients (P < 0. 05) ; while gender and occupation were independent influencing factors of nutritional status BMI among healthy individuals (P < 0. 05) . @*Conclusion @#The dietary nutritional status of the three population groups varied. Targeted health education should be conducted , especially for tuberculosis patients , to address the issue of uneven dietary intake and promote good dietary habits among local tuberculosis patients.

Effects of hesperetin on memory function and apoptosis-related protein expression in senile model rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of different doses of luteolin on memory function and apoptosis-related proteins of aging rats induced by D-galactose.Methods:Forty-eight SPF-grade male Wistar rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into control group, model group, luteolin low-dose group (25 mg/kg), medium-dose group (50 mg/kg), high-dose group (100 mg/kg), and vitamin C group (100 mg/kg), with 8 rats in each group. D-galactose (1 000 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected to establish the aging rat model, while luteolin was used for preventive treatment. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of the rats.Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect the morphology of hippocampal neurons in rats.Spectrophotometry was used to detect the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). RT-PCR was used to detect miR-34a mRNA expression.Western blot technique was used to detect the expression levels of silent regulator protein 1 (SIRT1), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), cleaved caspase-3, p53, and p21. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0, and one-way ANOVA was used for multi-group comparison, followed by LSD- t test for further pairwise comparisons. Results:(1) The differences in escape latency among the 6 groups of rats were statistically significant ( F=120.93, P<0.001). The latency of first finding the platform location of the model group rats ((54.61±3.60) s) was higher than that of the control group ((10.54±4.27) s) ( P<0.05). The latency of first finding the platform location of rats in the low, medium and high dosage groups of luteolin ((45.50±3.81)s, (37.46±2.94) s, (32.32±3.14) s) was lower than that of the model group ((54.61±3.60) s) (all P<0.05). (2) The differences of SOD, MDA, T-AOC, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in the cerebral cortex of the 6 groups of rats were all statistically significant ( F=281.636, 75.119, 208.228, 38.999, 28.428, 52.767, all P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the model group showed abnormal levels of inflammatory factors and antioxidant indexes. In the medium and high dosage groups of luteolin, the SOD and T-AOC contents in the cerebral cortex of rats were higher than those in the model group (all P<0.05), while the levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were lower than those in the model group (all P<0.05). (3) The differences in relative expression levels of miR-34a mRNA among the 6 groups of rats were statistically significant ( F=81.439, P<0.001). The expression levels of miR-34a mRNA in the hippocampal tissues of rats in the luteolin treatment group were lower than those in the model group ( P<0.05). (4) The differences in protein expression levels of SIRT1, p53, and p21 in the hippocampal tissues of the 6 groups of rats were statistically significant ( F=159.946, 38.342, 123.608, all P<0.001). The expression levels of p53 and p21 in the medium and high dosage groups of luteolin were lower than those in the model group (all P<0.05), while the expression level of SIRT1 protein was higher than that in the model group ( P<0.05). (5) The differences in protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the hippocampal tissues of the 6 groups of rats were statistically significant ( F=112.659, 43.296, both P<0.05). The expression levels of Bcl-2 in the low, medium, and high dosage groups of luteolin ((0.24±0.04), (0.40±0.03), (0.48±0.05) pg/μg) were higher than those in the model group ((0.09±0.06) μg) ( P<0.05), while the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 in the low, medium, and high dosage groups of luteolin ((0.62±0.04), (0.61±0.09), (0.51±0.10) μg) were lower than those in the model group ((0.75±0.05) μg) ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Luteolin can alleviate cellular oxidative damage through downregulating the miR-34a SIRT1/p53 signaling pathway and reducing cell apoptosis.

Status quo and influencing factors of drug resistance of tuberculosis in Inner Mongolia / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @#To investigate the status quo of drug resistance and influencing factors of tuberculosis in Inner Mongolia , and to provide reference for accurate prevention and control of drug - resistant tuberculosis .@*Methods @#Random sampling was used in this study . TB patients from Tuberculosis designated hospital in Inner Mongolia were included , according to the rules and drug - resistant strains were identified and tested according to relevant norms . Composition ratio or rate was calculated for statistical description , and Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of drug resistance in TB patients .@*Results @#Among 1321 patients, there were 936 males and 385 females, with an average age of (52.65 ±18 .09) years . The rates of mono - resistant , multidrug - resistant (MDR) , extensively drug - resistant (XDR) and total drug resistance were 19.00% , 11.58% , 11.66% and 42.24% , respectively . The highest resistance rates were ob served for streptomycin ( 7.27% ) , isoniazid (4.69% ) , and isoniazid + streptomycin (4.47% ) . The drug resistance spectrum presented diversity and com plexity . Compared to females , males had a higher proportion of drug resistance , and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001) . The proportion of patients who were sensitive to anti - tuberculosis drugs increased with age (P < 0.05) . Among different age groups , the proportion of drug - resistant patients was higher in the 20 - 40 age group , 40 - 60 age group , and 60 and above age group compared to the 0 - 20 age group (P < 0.05) . Addi tionally , the proportion of drug - resistant patients was higher in the 20 - 40 age group and 40 - 60 age group com pared to the 60 and above age group (P < 0.05) . Moreover , the proportion of drug - resistant and multi - drug resistant patients was higher among patients undergoing retreatment compared to those undergoing initial treatment (P < 0.001) . Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male gender (OR = 1.48 , 95% CI: 1.02 - 2.14) , age 20 - 40 years (OR = 2.64 , 95% CI: 1.05 - 6.60) , retreatment (OR = 2.34 , 95% CI: 1.70 - 3.22) , and outpatient follow-up (OR = 1.56 , 95% CI: 1.05 - 2.33) were independent risk factors for drug - resistant tuber culosis .@*Conclusion @#Inner Mongolia has a high prevalence of MDR and overall drug - resistant tuberculosis among patients . The drug resistance profile exhibits diversity and complexity . Risk factors that contribute to drug resistance include being male , aged between 20 and 40 , undergoing retreatment , and receiving outpatient follow - up . Therefore , it is necessary to further improve clinical diagnosis and treatment , promote rational use of first - line anti - tuberculosis drugs , prioritize individualized treatment , enhance health education , improve the medical insurance system , and optimize patient management approaches in order to enhance patient compliance .

Cognition of Colorectal Cancer-related Knowledge and Influencing Factors of Patients with Middle- and Advanced-stage Colorectal Cancer in Inner Mongolia / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the cognition of colorectal cancer-related knowledge and influencing factors of patients with middle- and advanced-stage colorectal cancer in ethnic minority areas of Inner Mongolia. Methods According to the national population and the prevalence of colorectal cancer, 277 patients with colorectal cancer were selected by stratified and random sampling in Inner Mongolia. The patients were surveyed in Baotou, Chifeng, Bayannaoer, and other hospitals. The questionnaire included patients' basic information, cognition of colorectal cancer risk factors and screening knowledge, screening information, etc. Results Before suffering from the disease, the patients' knowledge of colorectal cancer (risk factors, early screening knowledge, treatment methods) was low. About 54.9% of patients were unaware of high risk factors for colorectal cancer, 75.8% of patients did not understand the knowledge of early screening of colorectal cancer, and 37.5% of patients did not underst and the treatment of colorectal cancer. The main influencing factors of colorectal cancer cognition were education level and occupation. Patients who work in institutions and enterprises and with higher education level had better cognition. Conclusion Patients with middle- and advanced-stage colorectal cancer in Inner Mongolia have poor knowledge and awareness of risk factors and screening of colorectal cancer before diagnosis. Education level and occupation are factors influencing colorectal cancer cognition, therefore, people with low knowledge rate of colorectal cancer and low education level as well as unemployed laid-off people should be given priority intervention.

Analysis of imaging characteristics of papulopustular rosacea by high-frequency ultrasound combined with color Doppler flow imaging / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate imaging characteristics of papulopustular rosacea (PPR) by high-frequency ultrasound combined with color Doppler flow imaging.Methods:From August 2021 to August 2022, 30 patients with PPR were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and 30 healthy volunteers served as controls. The 22-MHz high-frequency ultrasound combined with color Doppler blood flow imaging was performed to measure the skin thickness, echo and blood flow parameters at the cheek, and the ultrasound results were compared between the two groups. Comparisons between groups were conducted by using t test or chi-square test. The diagnostic value was analyzed using the area under the curve (AUC) in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:In the case group, there were 12 males and 18 females, and their ages ranged from 22 to 65 years (42.3 ± 12.8 years) ; in the control group, there were 10 males and 20 females, and their ages ranged from 24 to 62 years (41.0 ± 8.4 years) . The epidermal and dermal thicknesses at the cheek were significantly higher in the case group (132.64 ± 12.29 μm, 1 812.29 ± 85.52 μm, respectively) than in the control group (104.34 ± 14.45 μm, 1 671.77 ± 146.55 μm, respectively, both P < 0.05) . High-frequency ultrasound images showed that the case group was mainly characterized by irregular hypoechoic areas in the cheek dermis (80%) , while banded moderately echoic areas were common in the cheek dermis in the control group (90%) ; subepidermal low-echogenic bands and dermal irregular hypoechoic areas were more likely to appear in the case group than in the control group (93.33% vs. 43.33%, 80% vs. 10%, respectively, both P < 0.001) . Compared with the control group, the case group showed a significantly increased proportion of patients with abundant blood flow signals (93.3% vs. 10%, P < 0.05) , and significantly increased blood vessel diameters (1.60 ± 0.42 mm vs. 0.95 ± 0.32 mm, P < 0.05) ; there was no significant difference in peak systolic blood flow velocity and vascular resistance index between the two groups (both P > 0.05) . The AUC of high-frequency ultrasound combined with color Doppler flow imaging quantitative parameters (including epidermal thicknesses, dermal thicknesses, and blood vessel diameters) was 0.989 (95% CI: 0.970 - 1.000) for the diagnosis of PPR, and the sensitivity and specificity were both 96.7%, which were higher than those of single parameter-based diagnostic model. Conclusion:High-frequency ultrasound combined with color Doppler flow imaging can help improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of PPR, by accurately and non-invasively measuring skin thickness and blood flow parameters.

Effects of aflatoxin B1 on the biophysical properties and cytoskeleton structure of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @#To investigate the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the biophysical properties and cytoskeleton structure of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs) . @*Methods@#HepG2 cells were respectively treated with 0 , 0. 01 , 0. 1 , 1 , 5 , 10 μmol/L AFB1 for 24 h and 48 h , and the cell viability was measured by CCK⁃8 kit.Based on this result , the influences of 10 μmol/L AFB1 on the osmotic fragility , membrane fluidity , electrophoretic mobility (EPM) and F ⁃actin structure of cells were analyzed. Subsequently , total RNAs were extracted and the PCR. @*Results@#The increased viability of HepG2 cells was induced by AFB1 in a dose⁃dependent manner after 48h treatment. After treated with 10 μmol/L AFB1 , the anti⁃hypotonic ability and EPM of HepG2 cells were en⁃hanced. The content of F ⁃actin in HepG2 cells increased obviously , while the mRNA expression levels of the main cytoskeleton binding proteins were altered. @*Conclusion @#AFB1 can affect the biophysical properties , cytoskeleton structure and its binding proteins of HepG2 cells , which may be directly related to its toxic action.

Correlation between mitochondrial DNA copy number and coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the association between relative mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis (abbreviated as coal-burning-borne fluorosis).Methods:From June 2018 to March 2019, using cross-sectional study, 482 patients with coal-burning-borne fluorosis were selected as the case group in Bijie City, a typical coal-burning-borne fluorosis area of Guizhou Province; meanwhile, 212 healthy individuals from Changshun County, a non-coal-burning-borne fluorosis area in Guizhou Province, were selected as the control group. Questionnaire survey and physical examination were used to collect general condition such as basic information and living habits of the two groups, peripheral venous blood samples were collected, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the relative mtDNA-CN in peripheral blood. The correlation between relative mtDNA-CN and coal-burning-borne fluorosis was analyzed by binary and unordered multi-class logistic regression.Results:There were significant differences in the body mass index (BMI), and the distribution of gender rario, marital status and education level between the control group and the case group ( t = 7.91, χ 2 = 5.11, 13.33, 34.32, P < 0.05). The relative mtDNA-CN in the control group was higher than that in the case group [median (quartile): 202 (138, 292) vs 131 (96, 217), Z = - 7.80, P < 0.001]. The results of binary logistic regression analysis [odds ratio (95% confidence interval)] showed that educational level [primary school: 0.572 (0.377 - 0.868), junior high school and above: 0.292 (0.174 - 0.493)], relative mtDNA-CN [131 - < 217: 0.265 (0.144 - 0.488), ≥217: 0.183 (0.100 - 0.335)] and BMI [1.222 (1.142 - 1.307)] were the influencing factors for the risk of coal-burning-borne fluorosis( P < 0.05). In subgroups with different BMI and educational levels, the relative mtDNA-CN was significantly negatively correlated with the risk of coal-burning-borne fluorosis( Ptrend < 0.05), and there was no interaction between mtDNA-CN and BMI and educational levels ( Pinteraction > 0.05). The results of unordered multi-class logistic regression analysis showed that the relative mtDNA-CN were significantly negatively correlated with the risk of dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis ( Ptrend < 0.05). Conclusion:The higher the relative mtDNA-CN, the lower the risk of coal-burning-borne fluorosis, suggesting that mtDNA-CN may be a potential biomarker of coal-burning fluorosis.

Relationship between intelligence quotient and urinary fluoride of children in coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis area / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between children's intelligence and urinary fluoride in Suojia Township of Miao, Yi and Hui Nationalities (referred to as Suojia Township), a coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou Province.Methods:In April 2019, 173 children aged 10 to 13 years old were selected from three schools in Suojia Township. According to whether they had dental fluorosis, the children were divided into case group ( n = 104) and control group ( n = 69). Middle segment urine samples of the children were collected and urinary fluoride level was determined by the method of ion-selective electrode. Combined Raven's Test-the Rural in China (CRT-RC2) was used for children's intelligence quotient (IQ) test. Linear regression analysis was used to observe the association between urinary fluoride and IQ, and the results were expressed by regression coefficient ( β) and 95% confidence interval ( CI). Results:Urinary fluoride level of case group was higher than that of control group [(2.14 ± 1.78) vs (1.53 ± 0.98) mg/L], and IQ was lower than that of control group [(92.33 ± 11.68) vs (100.38 ± 11.87) points], and the differences were statistically significant ( t = 2.58, 4.41, P < 0.05). The linear regression equation of urinary fluoride ( X) and IQ ( Y) of case group was Y = 96.99 - 2.86 X. For every 1 mg/L increase in urinary fluoride level, IQ decreased by 2.86 points ( β = - 2.86, 95% CI: - 5.48 - - 0.24). Conclusion:Long-term exposure to fluoride pollution from coal burning may damage children's intelligence, and children's IQ decreases with increase of fluoride level in urine.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Human Papillomavirus and HPV Vaccine in Chinese Mainland: A Meta-analysis / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To understand and evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of female human papillomavirus and HPV vaccine in Chinese mainland. Methods We searched the relevant studies about the knowledge, attitude and behavior factors of HPV infection and HPV vaccine published in PubMed, MEDLINE, CNKI and Wanfang databases about Chinese mainland women from January 1, 1995 to January 31, 2021.Two researchers independently screened the literatures, extracted data and the literatures with quality score≥5 points.Chi square test was used to evaluate its heterogeneity.Begg' s test was used to evaluate publication bias. Results A total of 33 literatures were included, with a total number of 46013 people.The results showed that the total awareness rate of HPV in the population was 65.9%, the lowest rates were 16.0%, 41.2% and 14.4% in Northeast, rural areas and middle school students, respectively; while the highest rates of HPV were 77.4%, 56.3% and 71.0% in Central China, cities and towns and college students, respectively.The main source of HPV knowledge was the network/WeChat official account number (38.9%), and the lowest was family/friend (4.5%).The population's awareness rate of HPV vaccine related knowledge was 41.4%, the highest rates were 51.8% and 69.7% in East China and medical staff, respectively, while the lowest were 23.6% and 12.7% in Southwest and middle school students. Conclusion In order to achieve the total elimination of cervical cancer in China by 2030 as soon as possible, people should strengthen their awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine related knowledge.

Association analysis of gene polymorphism of osteoprotegerin with coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Guizhou Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between gene polymorphism of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Guizhou Province.Methods:In 2018 and 2019, a case-control study was conducted in Bijie City, a typical coal-burning endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou Province, and 260 cases of coal-burning endemic fluorosis patients were selected as case group. According to the "Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis" (WS 192-2008), the case group was divided into severe group (130 cases) and mild group (130 cases). At the same time, 130 cases without dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis symptoms were chosen as control group in Changshun County, a non-coal-burning endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou Province. Whole blood genomic DNA was extracted, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR with TaqMan-MGB probe was utilized to type the OPG gene rs2460985, rs2073618, rs6469804 and rs6993813 four single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci of all samples, and genetic model analysis was performed to compare the frequency distribution of its alleles, genotypes and constructed haplotypes in control, mild and severe groups. Results:By Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test, the genotype frequencies of the four SNP loci all reached genetic balance in control, mild and severe groups ( P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the genotype frequency of OPG gene rs6469804 locus among the three groups (χ 2 = 10.615, P < 0.05), and the difference in the genotype frequency of this locus between the control group and the severe group was statistically significant (χ 2 = 6.784, P < 0.05). The results of genetic model analysis showed that in comparison between the control group and the severe group, the optimal genetic model of rs6469804 locus was the overdominant genetic model, the frequency distribution of genotypes AA + GG and AG in the control group and the severe group was statistically significant [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.94, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.16 - 3.23, P < 0.05], genotype AG was a risk factor for coal-burning endemic fluorosis. In comparison between the control group and the mild group, the optimal genetic model of rs2073618 locus was the recessive genetic model, the frequency distribution of genotypes GG + GC and CC in the control group and the mild group was statistically significant ( OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.08 - 9.30, P < 0.05), genotype CC was a risk factor for coal-burning endemic fluorosis. In comparison between the control group and the mild group, haplotypes C-C-G-T and T-G-A-C were risk factors for coal-burning endemic fluorosis (adjusted OR = 2.41, 1.98, 95% CI: 1.29 - 4.50, 1.22 - 3.23, P < 0.05); in comparison between the control group and the severe group, haplotype T-G-A-C was a risk factor for coal-burning endemic fluorosis (adjusted OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.14 - 3.07, P < 0.05). Conclusion:OPG gene rs6469804 locus genotype AG and rs2073618 locus genotype CC may be risk factors for coal-burning endemic fluorosis.

Investigation and analysis of children's coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Suojia Township, Liuzhi Tequ, Guizhou Province in 2019 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To understand the current situation of children's fluorosis in the coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis areas (abbreviated as coal-burning fluorosis) in Suojia Miao, Yi and Hui Township (Suojia Township for short) in Liuzhi Tequ, Guizhou Province, and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies and measures.Methods:In 2019, the cluster sampling method was adopted to select children aged 8-12 years old from 6 primary schools in Suojia Township, Liuzhi Tequ, Guizhou Province to conduct a questionnaire survey to collect basic information, and perform dental fluorosis examination and indexing in accordance with the "Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis" standards. Immediate urine samples were collected from children in April and October, and urinary fluoride content was determined by ion selective electrode method.Results:A total of 1 381 children aged 8-12 years old were investigated, aged (9.84 ± 1.38) years old, including 679 boys and 702 girls. A total of 625 children with dental fluorosis were detected, and the detection rate was 45.26%; the dental fluorosis index was 1.00, and the prevalence intensity was moderate; the main score of dental fluorosis was extremely mild, accounting for 37.00% (511/1 381). The detection rates of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years old were 35.10% (106/302), 35.83% (115/321), 47.96% (129/269), 55.23% (153/277), and 57.55% (122/212), respectively; the difference between different ages was statistically significant (χ 2 = 48.949, P < 0.01), and the detection rate of dental fluorosis in children increased with age(χ 2trend = 45.254, P < 0.01).The detection rates of dental fluorosis in boys and girls were 43.59% (296/679) and 46.87% (329/702), respectively, and there was no significant difference between different genders (χ 2 = 1.492, P > 0.05). In April and October, 123 and 107 urine samples of children aged 8-12 years old were tested. The geometric mean of urinary fluoride was 1.55 and 0.47 mg/L, respectively. The urinary fluoride level in April was higher than the normal range (< 1.40 mg/L). Conclusions:Suojia Township in Liuzhi Tequ of Guizhou Province is still a fluorosis area, and there is a big difference in urinary fluorine level in different months, which indicates that the residents in this area may have intermittent high fluorine intake, and prevention and control of endemic fluorosis should be further strengthened.

Knowledge and attitudes toward prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines among the mainland Chinese population / 中国肿瘤临床

To assess knowledge of and attitudes toward prophylactic HPV vaccines among the mainland Chinese population and to determine possible influencing factors in order to provide reference data for policymakers to develop HPV vaccination strate-gies in China. Methods: This large-scale national cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted from May 2009 to May 2012. The general population, medical personnel, and school students participated in the investigation. Participants’basic information, as well as their knowledge of and attitudes toward HPV vaccines were collected through questionnaires. Chi-square tests and Logistic re-gression were performed for the statistical analysis. Results: A total of 18,677 people responded effectively, with a median age of 32 (ranging from 15 to 79 years). In terms of vaccine awareness, only 24.5% had heard of prophylactic HPV vaccines and 14.1% knew that HPV vaccines can prevent diseases such as cervical cancer. The good news was that 83.5% of respondents were willing to vaccinate themselves, their partners, or their children. People who knew more about vaccines, the rural population, and female participants were more likely to hold positive attitudes toward vaccination (adjusted ORs were 2.81, 2.14, and 1.25, respectively). Those partici-pants who were reluctant to accept HPV vaccination were concerned mainly about the safety of the vaccines (64.7%). Furthermore, 66.3% of the respondents expected the maximum price of the HPV vaccine to be less than 300 RMB. Conclusions: Mainland Chinese people generally know little about HPV vaccines. However, most of them think positively about the vaccinations after learning about them. It is high time for the government to launch HPV and cervical cancer health education or promotional campaigns to eliminate concerns about HPV vaccine safety. Furthermore, discounted or free vaccines are needed.

The TNF-α/TNFR/NF-κB pathway in regulating alveolar macrophage apoptosis in coal workers' pneumoconiosis / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of tumor necrosis factor( TNF)-α and its receptor( TNFR) signal transduction pathways in regulating cell apoptosis of alveolar macrophage( AM) in coal workers' pneumoconiosis( CWP).METHODS: Twenty-four coal workers with pneumoconiosis at stage Ⅰ were selected as CWP group and four observation subjects exposed to coal were chosen as observation group by using simple random sampling method. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of whole-lung lavage of two groups were collected. AMs were separated and purified. Then they were divided into 6 groups: a control group,a superoxide dismutase( SOD) group,a TNF/TNFR group,an anti-TNF-α antibody group,a Caspase-8 suppression group and a nuclear factor-κB( NF-κB) suppression group. The AMs of 6 groups with corresponding treatment were cultivated. After 24 hours,the cells were harvested and proteins extracted. The relative expression of TNF-α,TNFR1,TNFR2,Caspase-8,Caspase-3,NF-κB P50 and NF-κB P65 protein was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: The protein relative expression of TNF-α,TNFR2,Caspase-8,Caspase-3,NF-κB P50 and NF-κB P65 in CWP group was significantly higher than those in the observation group( P < 0. 05). The protein relative expression of TNF-α,TNFR1,Caspase-8,Caspase-3 and NF-κB P50 in the TNF/TNFR group and the anti-TNF-αantibody group was lower than that of the control group( P < 0. 05). The above indexes in the anti-TNF-α antibody group were lower than that of the NF-κB suppression group( P < 0. 05). The protein relative expression of TNFR1,Caspase-8and Caspase-3 in the TNF/TNFR group was higher than that of the SOD group and the Caspase-8 suppression group( P <0. 05). The protein relative expression of TNFR1,Caspase-8 and NF-κB P50 in the TNF/TNFR group was lower than that of the NF-κB suppression group( P < 0. 05). Among the CWP patients,the relative expression of TNFR2 and NF-κB P65 in the TNF/TNFR group was lower than that of the control group( P < 0. 05),and higher than that of the SOD group( P <0. 05). CONCLUSION: AM apoptosis mediated by TNF-α/TNFR/NF-κB signal transduction pathway plays an important role in the occurrence and development of CWP. The TNF-α/TNFR/NF-κB signal transduction pathways inhibited or blocked at different stages can affect the expression of proteins related to AM apoptosis.