Cordyceps sinensis alleviates β-glycerophosphate-induced vascular smooth muscle call calcification through promoting autophagy / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the influence mechanism of Cordyceps sinensis (CS) on β-glycerophosphate-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification.Methods The effect of CS on VSMC cell viability was detected by CCK-8.The cellular models of rat VSMC calcification were established by treating with β-glycerophosphate (β-GP,10 mmol/L);then CS (10 mg/L),autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA,5 mmol/L),and AMPK inhibitor compound C (CC,10 μmol/L) were added to the cell cultures.There were a total of 5 experiment groups:VSMC cultured in normal medium (Control),VSMC treated with β-GP,VSMC treated with β-GP and CS,VSMC treated with 3-MA,β-GP and CS,and VSMC treated with CC,β-GP and CS.The calcium nodules and calcium content were examined with alizarin red S staining and the O-cresolphthaleincomplexone method,respectively.The autophagosomes within the VSMC were observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM).Immunofluorescence showed the accumulation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) puncta.In addition,levels of osteogenic related proteins,autophagy related proteins,and AMPK/mTOR pathway related proteins were evaluated by Western blotting.Results CS increased the number of autophagosomes and the accumulation of LC3 puncta within VSMC.It also upregulated the protein levels of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ,beclin1,α-SMA,and p-AMPK;whereas,the protein levels of Runx2 and p-mTOR,as well as calcium nodules and calcium content were reduced (all P ＜ 0.01).When the cells were pretreated with 3-MA before treating with β-GP and CS,the autophagosomes,accumulation of LC3 puncta,and protein levels of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ,beclinl,and α-SMA were decreased (all P ＜ 0.01);however,the protein level of Runx2,and the calcium nodules and calcium content were increased (all P ＜ 0.01).Nevertheless,when the cells were pretreated with CC before giving β-GP and CS,the autophagosomes,the accumulation of LC3 puncta,and the expression levels of p-AMPK,LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ,beclin1,and α-SMA were significantly down-regulated (all P ＜ 0.01);whereas,the expression levels of Runx2 and p-mTOR,as well as calcium nodules and calcium content were increased (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions CS can effectively alleviate β-GP-induced VSMC calcification,which may be due to the activation of autophagy by AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

Expressions and Significance of Ki-67,p53 and P504s in Gastric Precancerous Lesions and Early Gastric Cancer / 胃肠病学

Background:The occurrence of gastric cancer is a gradual process with multiple factors and multiple steps. In addition to cytological and structural abnormalities,there are abnormal molecular expressions,which involve the activation of many oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Aims:To explore the expressions and significance of Ki-67,p53 and P504s in normal gastric mucosa,atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia,low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and early gastric cancer. Methods:A total of 44 cases of normal gastric mucosa,44 cases of atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia,41 cases of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,38 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and 35 cases of early gastric cancer from Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2016 at the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School were collected. Expressions of Ki-67,p53 and P504s were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results:Compared with normal gastric mucosal tissue,the positivity rates of expression of Ki-67,p53 and P504s in atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia,low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and early gastric cancer were obviously increased (P＜0.05). With the increasing of severity of the lesion,the positivity rate gradually increased. Conclusions:The expressions of Ki-67,p53 and P504s are closely related to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer,and are involved in the early process of gastric cancer. The detections of these molecular markers are helpful for determining the severity and trend of the lesion,and beneficial for improving the detection rates of gastric precancerous lesion and early gastric cancer.

Comparison of pathological results between preoperative and postoperative samples from patients with gastric intraepithelial neoplasia / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To compare the pathological results between preoperative gastroscopy samples and postoperative samples of endoscopic resection from patients with gastric intraepithelial neoplasia, and further investigate the risk factors of pathological upgrading. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 371 patients with gastric intraepithelial neoplasia confirmed by biopsy and undergoing endoscopic resection from January 2012 to December 2014 in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. The preoperative and postoperative pathological results were compared, and the risk factors for pathological upgrading after operation were analyzed. Results Among 371 patients, 173 and 198 cases were diagnosed as low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia ( LGIN ) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia ( HGIN ) , respectively, by preoperative endoscopic biopsy. By postoperative pathology of endoscopic resection, 113 ( 65. 3％) of 173 LGIN cases kept the diagnosis, while 46 ( 26. 6％) of 173 cases were upgraded to HGIN, and 10 ( 5. 8％) of 173 cases were finally upgraded to gastric cancer. The upgrade rate was 32. 4％(56/173). In the HGIN group, 107 ( 54. 0％) of 198 HGIN patients had the same diagnosis after endoscopic resection, 78 ( 39. 4％) of 198 cases were upgraded to cancer. Multivariate regression analysis showed that diameter of larger than 2 cm (P=0. 008), proximal stomach location (P=0. 011), mucosal surface redness ( P=0. 000 ) , and surface depression or ulcer ( P=0. 003 ) were independent factors of pathological upgrading for postoperative samples. Conclusion Preoperative biopsy for the diagnosis of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia has a certain misdiagnosis rate. More attentions should be paid on the lesion which is larger than 2 cm in diameter, located in the proximal stomach, or mucosa with red surface, depression or ulcer. Postoperative pathological examination can help to clarify the nature of the lesion.

Factors related to antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS positive students aged 15-30, in a hospital of Shenyang city / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors on antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV/AIDS positive students in Shenyang.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV/AIDS positive students aged between 15 and 30,in an HIV-treatment-designated hospital in Shenyang city,during 2007-2015.Data were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression mode to identify the risk factors related to ART.Results A total of 2 379 HIV/AIDS patients attended the hospital and 6.1％ (146/2 379) of them were students,during 2007-2015.All of the HIV/AIDS positive students were males,with homosexual transmission accounted for 93.2％ (136/146).The overall rate on delayed diagnosis was 52.7％ (77/146),when at diagnosis of CD4 + T lymphocyte counts ≤350 cells/μl.The proportion of ART was 67.1％ (98/146).Factors as:year that the HIV diagnosis was made (aOR=1.21,95％CI:1.02-1.44),age between 24-30 (compared with age below 18-year-old,aOR=8.15,95％CI:1.46-45.52),and delayed diagnosis (aOR=2.22,95％CI:1.05-4.71),appeared independently related to ART among HIV/AIDS positive students.Conclusions Factors as the year that HIV diagnosis was made,age and delayed diagnosis of the patients seemed to be at higher risk for ART among HIV/AIDS positive students.

Factors related to antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS positive students aged 15-30, in a hospital of Shenyang city / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors on antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV/AIDS positive students in Shenyang.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV/AIDS positive students aged between 15 and 30,in an HIV-treatment-designated hospital in Shenyang city,during 2007-2015.Data were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression mode to identify the risk factors related to ART.Results A total of 2 379 HIV/AIDS patients attended the hospital and 6.1％ (146/2 379) of them were students,during 2007-2015.All of the HIV/AIDS positive students were males,with homosexual transmission accounted for 93.2％ (136/146).The overall rate on delayed diagnosis was 52.7％ (77/146),when at diagnosis of CD4 + T lymphocyte counts ≤350 cells/μl.The proportion of ART was 67.1％ (98/146).Factors as:year that the HIV diagnosis was made (aOR=1.21,95％CI:1.02-1.44),age between 24-30 (compared with age below 18-year-old,aOR=8.15,95％CI:1.46-45.52),and delayed diagnosis (aOR=2.22,95％CI:1.05-4.71),appeared independently related to ART among HIV/AIDS positive students.Conclusions Factors as the year that HIV diagnosis was made,age and delayed diagnosis of the patients seemed to be at higher risk for ART among HIV/AIDS positive students.

Association of alcohol use and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the middle-aged and elderly male population: a prospective cohort study / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the association between alcohol use and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the middle-aged and elderly male population.@*Methods@#All participants were from Dongfeng-Tongji cohort, 27 009 retired employees from Dongfeng Motor Corporation in Hubei Province were enrolled in the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort baseline survey in 2008. In baseline study, information of alcohol use and other covariates were collected by semi-structured questionnaire and all participants completed physical examination including the test of fasting glucose and blood lipid levels. A total of 6 784 male participants from Dongfeng-Tongji cohort who were without diagnosis of diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, or cancer in baseline study were enrolled in this study. We completed the first follow-up in 2013 and the outcome of disease or death was retrieved based on health-care medical records according to the unique medical insurance ID. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the association between alcohol use and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), by drinking features and patterns.@*Results@#Out of the 6 784 participants, 3 541 participant were defined as non-alcohol drinkers and there were 15 852.2 person-years of follow-up; among which 270 new cases of T2DM were diagnosed withthe crude incidence density of non-alcohol drinkers at 1 703.2/100 000 person-years. The other 3 243 subjects were classified as alcohol drinkers and there were 14 509.8 person-years of follow-up; and among which 258 new cases of T2DM were diagnosed, with the crude incidence density of T2DM at 1 778.1/100 000 person-years. Multivariate COX proportional hazard regression model indicated that there was no significantly increased risk of T2DM incidence between alcohol drinkers and non-alcohol drinkers(HR(95% CI): 1.09 (0.91- 1.30)). However, participants who averagely consumed >20 g/d or>7 times/week had a significantly increased risk of T2DM compared with non-alcohol drinkers, and the value of HR(95%CI) was 1.27 (1.02- 1.58) and 1.35 (1.00- 1.83), respectively. Among men who consumed alcoholic beverages more than 7 times/week, HR (95%CI) for T2DM incidence in the subjects who consumed 0.01 to 40 g and > 40 g once a time were 1.48 (1.05- 2.09) and 1.27 (0.80- 2.10), respectively.@*Conclusion@#Although we found no relationship between alcohol use and T2DM incidence overall, alcohol use more than 20 g/d or more than 7 times/week would increase the risk of T2DM.

Effect of olmesartan medoxomil on renal oxidative stress in mice with chronic heart failure / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of olmesartan medoxomil on renal oxidative stress in mice with chronic heart failure. Methods C57 mice were divided into sham operation group(SHAM group),chronic heart failure group(CHF group)and olmesartan medoxomil treatment group(OLM group).Experimental CHF model was established by coronary artery ligation,in which OLM group fed with a daily dose of 10 mg/kg.The heart rate,blood pressure,cardiac function,Scr,BUN,and plasma and kidney angiotensin(Ang)Ⅱ were measured.Real-time PCR was used to examine renal gp91phox,p22phox and NOX4 expression.AZAN and DHE staining was used to detect renal pathological change after 12 weeks. Results Compared with SHAM group,left ventricular-end diastolic dimension (LVDd)and left ventricular end-systolic dimension(LVDs)were significantly increased(P<0.05),while fractional shortening(FS)and ejection fraction(EF)were significantly decreased in CHF and OLM groups (P<0.05).Compared with SHAM group,systolic blood pressure,Scr,BUN,and AZAN and DHE staining positive area were significantly increased in CHF group(P<0.05),while above indexes were significantly lower in OLM group as compared to CHF group(P<0.05).Compared with SHAM group,plasma and kidney Ang Ⅱ levels,gp91phox,p22phox and NOX4 expression were increased in CHF group(P<0.05),while above indexes were significantly lower in OLM group as compared to CHF group (P<0.05).Conclusions Chronic heart failure can activate intrarenal NADPH oxidase resulting in renal injury.Olmesartan medoxomil can protect kidney by inhibiting the effect of Ang Ⅱ-induced oxidative stress.

Telmisartan decreases vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor expressions in the kidney of insulin resistant rats with normal blood glucose / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

The results of RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor ( flk-1 ) in the renal cortex of insulin-resistant rats during the phase of normal blood glucose were significantly increased, which were decreased by telmisartan. The result suggests that telmisartan may ease kidney damage via decreasing VEGF and flk-1 expressions.

Differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells into chondroblast and osteoblasts / 生物医学工程学杂志

Samples of healthy and full-term human umbilical cord blood samples were obtained asceptically. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated by lymphocyte separation medium, and were characterized morphologically by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Differentiation of chondroblast and osteoblast was induced by 10 ng/ml TGF-beta, 100 ng/ml insulin and 10(-7) mol/L decaesadril, 6.25 microg/ml siderophilin, 10 mmol/L beta-sodium glycerophosphate, 50 microg/ml antiscorbic acid, respectirely; the aim was to investigate the potentiality of differentiation. Umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs were stained positive for MSCs marker CD13, CD90, CD166, CD73, CD44 and HLA-AB, but were negative for hematopoietic stem cell marker CD45, CD34 and HLA-DR. After 21 days induction, Toluidine Blue staining and von-Kossa staining were positive. Immunocytochemistry showed that Collagen II expressed in the induced cells. The results demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from human umbilical cord blood and differentiated into chondroblasts and osteoblasts in vitro.

Clinical observation of acute cerebral vascular dementia treated by incorporating QDH / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of incorporating QDH on acute cerebral vascular dementia(VD).Methods 100 patients with acute cerebral vascular dementia were randomly divided into treatment group of 70 patients and control group of 30 patients.The treatment group used incorporating QDH;The control group used nimodipine.It was 20 days on therapeutic course for 2 groups.Results The total effective rate in treatment group was 90%,which was 33% in control group respectively.There was a significant difference between two groups(P

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen and cyclosporin A on the levels of active oxygens and nitric oxide in spleens of skin transplanted mice / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To study effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and cyclosporin A (CsA) on the contents of active oxygens and nitric oxide (NO) in spleens of skin transplanted mice.METHODS: The donor mice BALB/C and receptor mice C 57BL/6 were tested for skin transplantation. The HBO group mice were treated with 99.2% oxygen under 0.25 MPa for 1.5 hours, while CsA group mice were treated with CsA 0.5 mg?kg -1?d by abdomen injection. After 14 days, the spleen were extracted the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT) and NO synthases (NOS) were determined.RESULTS: (1) Compared with the control group, the transplantation group, HBO group and CsA group have markedly increased the content of MDA and the activities of GSH-PX and CAT; Compared with the transplantation group, the CsA group have markedly increased activity of SOD and reduced activities of GSH-PX and CAT; the HBO group have markedly reduced the activity of GSH-PX and increased the activities of CAT and SOD (P

Effects of glucosidorum tripterygii tororum on cytokine productions in graft-versus-host disease mice / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To observe the effect of glucosidorum tr ipterygii tororum (GTT) on cytokine productions in acute graft-versus-host disea se (aGVHD) mice. METHODS : C 57 BL/6 mice were exposed to radiation delivered by a linear accelerator . To es tablish a aGVHD model, the cell suspensions, which were obtained from bone marro w and spleen of the BALB/C mice, were transplanted to the radiated C 57 BL/6 mice. The recipients were treated with GTT, GTT+CsA and CsA+MTX. The serum conc entrations of IL-2, TNF-?, IL-4 and IL-10 were determined by ELISA. RES ULTS: The survival rate on day 11 in GTT group (9/10) was higher than in allogeneic bone marrow transplatation (allo-BMT) group (8/19). The concentratio ns of IL-2 and TNF-? in GTT group were significantly lower, but the concentrati on of IL-10 was remarkably higher than that in allo-BMT group ( P 0 0 5). CONCLUSION: GTT inhibited aGVHD development by regulating th e production of cytokines in the host.

Ethics problem in the diagnosis and treatment of the ending aged patients study / 中国医学伦理学

We study how diagnosis and treat the ending aged patients.Way:According to the specialty of the aged patients in present-day,We analysis, generalize, summarize the problem.Result:We diagnosis accuratly and treat effecting and the care of high quality is impirtation.Estimating the diseases developmental direction is juncture.Conclusion:Thinking of the patients from ethics and positive care,the patients may alive will be given active treat.The end of life impossible care patients.

Isolation and differentiation of stem cells derived from human placenta into cardiomyocytes / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To isolate the stem cells from human placenta and induce them into cardiomyocytes. METHODS: Stem cells were isolated from human placenta and characterized by morphologic analysis. The “hanging drop” methods were used to inducte stem cells into cardiomyocytes. The expressions of atrial natriuretic factor(Anf) and ?-myosin heavy chain(?-MHC) genes were analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Stem cells derived from human placenta were self-renewed and differentiated into cardiomyocytes in vitro. RT-PCR showed that Anf and ?-MHC genes were expressed in the “beating cells”.CONCLUSION: Human placenta is an abundant source of stem cells.

RNA interference inhibits the secretion of IL-1? in mice spleen lymphocytes / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To decide the effect that selected siRNA degrades mRNA of IL-1? specifically and suppression of its expression after connected with target site with homology complementary sequence. METHODS: Synthesized DNA expression box aimed directly at target site through PCR reaction in vivo was purified, and transfected into lymphocytes stimulated by LPS. siRNA was transcribed by cellular endogenous RNA polymerase Ⅲ and then evoke the degradation of target mRNA. After 48 hours of transfection, the cell culture supernatant was collected and the concentration of IL-1? was assayed using ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with blank-control and negative-control, selected sequence decreased the expression of IL-1?. Rate of the suppression was about 15%. CONCLUSION: RNAi technology produces specific interference effect in mouse spleen lymphocytes in original culture and inhibits the excretion of IL-1?.