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Both cholinergic dysfunction and protein citrullination are the hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the relationship between the two phenomena remains unclear. We explored whether and how cholinergic dysfunction accelerates protein citrullination and consequently drives the development of RA. Cholinergic function and protein citrullination levels in patients with RA and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were collected. In both neuron-macrophage coculture system and CIA mice, the effect of cholinergic dysfunction on protein citrullination and expression of peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) was assessed by immunofluorescence. The key transcription factors for PAD4 expression were predicted and validated. Cholinergic dysfunction in the patients with RA and CIA mice negatively correlated with the degree of protein citrullination in synovial tissues. The cholinergic or alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) deactivation and activation resulted in the promotion and reduction of protein citrullination in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Especially, the activation deficiency of α7nAChR induced the earlier onset and aggravation of CIA. Furthermore, deactivation of α7nAChR increased the expression of PAD4 and specificity protein-3 (SP3) in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that cholinergic dysfunction-induced deficient α7nAChR activation, which induces the expression of SP3 and its downstream molecule PAD4, accelerating protein citrullination and the development of RA.
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ObjectiveAn analytical method was developed for the qualitative screening of 52 illegally adulterated weight-losing compounds in foods by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. MethodsThe samples were extracted by methanol. Waters CORTECS T3 column （100 mm×2.1 mm， 2.7 μm） was used with acetonitrile -0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as mobile phases by gradient elution. The compounds were detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and Q-TOF-MS detector in positive and negative ion mode. A standard spectrum library was established by reference standards， and the qualitative analysis was finished by the comparison of the retention time， parent ion and fragment ion accurate molecular mass of each compound in the sample and the library. ResultsThe method was specific without interference of blank matrix， and repeatable in sextuplicate. The detection limits of 52 compounds in 5 matrix were 1‒100 mg‧kg-1. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of actual samples，and 16 compounds were checked out in 246 samples. ConclusionThe method is accurate， specific and sensitive， which can be used to combat the illegal adulteration behavior effectively.
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Objective:To explore the effect of quality control circle ( QQC) on the error control in PIVAS. Methods:QQC group was established in the department of PIVAS to reduce the errors in intravenous admixture practice. The status was analyzed using the total errors per week as the index, and the improvement target value was calculated by the eighty-twenty rule. The concrete causes for the errors were found out by the method of“brain storm”, and the main causes were confirmed using a fishbone diagram and the eighty-twenty rule, and then some countermeasures were summarized and carried out. The application effect of QQC was judged by the intan-gible and tangible outcomes before and after the activity, and some suggestions for the further improvement were provided. Results:Af-ter the implementation of QQC activity, the number of errors was reduced from 47 per week to 22 per week with the rate of target a-chievement of 104. 1% and the progress rate of 53. 2%. Moreover, QQC showed positive influence on the sense of being masters, co-operation ability, team spirit and sense of responsibility and confidence in the whole staff, and the ability of analyzing, summarizing and solving problems was also enhanced. Conclusion: QQC can significantly reduce the errors in the practice of intravenous admix-ture. The management method is valuable to explore and analyze the deep problems encountered in PIVAS in order to make rational and efficient measures. It is also helpful to improving the service conception of pharmacists and nurses, and enhancing the roles of pharma-cists in quality management and control to ensure medication safety.
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OBJECTIVE:To analyze intervention effect of Drug Rational Usage Guidelines System(DRUGS)on antibacterial agents use in department of obstetrics and gynecology in our hospital. METHODS:The application of antibacterial agents in depart-ment of obstetrics and gynecology in our hospital during Jan.-May(before intervention)and Jun.-Nov. 2012(after intervention)were extracted in respects of drug name,preoperative medication duration,perioperative additional condition,postoperative drug with-drawal time,drug combination,usage and dosage,average hospitalization stay,hospitalization cost. The intervention effects were analyzed. RESULTS:After intervention,the type of antibacterial agents were more in line with national regulations;the proportion of type Ⅰ incision surgery without antibacterial agents increased from 57.8% to 75.2%;the prophylactic application of antibacteri-al agents in type Ⅱ incision surgery within 0.5-2 h increased from 80.2% to 97.0%. The rate of reasonable antibacterial selection, drug combination,usage and dosage increased from 76.9%,64.9%,71.3% to 89.3%,84.6%,90.2%,respectively. The average hospitalization stay and antibacterial cost per capita decreased significantly. There was statistical significance among above indica-tors before and after intervention(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:DRUGS effectively change irrational use of antibacterial agents in department of obstetrics and gynecology,which provide a new method for the management of antibacterial agents.