Changes of Kir4.1 and TASK-1 expression in rat Müller cell induced by SCH442416 at an elevated hydrostatic pressure in vitro / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of adenosine receptor antagonist SCH442416 on the expression of Kir2.1,Kir4.1 and TASK-1 in rat Müller cell at an elevated hydrostatic pressure in vitro.Methods Thirty SPF Sprague Dawley rats were purchased from Shanghai Slack Laboratory Animals Ltd.Cultured Müller cells were divided into normal control group (n =6),40 mmHg/24 hours (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) group (n =6) and adenosine + SCH442416 intervention group (n =6).Müller cells were treated with 40 mmHg pressure for 24 hours in 40 mmHg/24 hours group,and Müller cells were treated with 40 mmHg pressure for 24 hours + 10 μ mol/L adenosine + 100 nmol/L SCH442416 in adenosine + SCH442416 intervention group.The real-time PCR,Western blot,whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and immunohistochemistry were used to detect Kir2.1,Kir4.1 and TASK-1 expression and Müller cells Kir currents.The experimental procedures were in accordance with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory,and follow the 3R principle.Results Western blot assay showed that,following 40 mmHg pressure cultured for 24 hours,the expression of Kir4.1 and TASK-1 protein in Müller cell were significantly decreased by 38.6％ and 52.6％ compared with the normal control group,with significant differences between the two groups (both at P =0.000);Kir2.1 protein expression decreased by 14.7％,with insignificant difference between the two groups (P =0.082).Kir4.1 and TASK protein expression in adenosine + SCH442416 intervention group was increased by 60.7％ and 61.4％ compared with the 40 mmHg/24 hours group,with significant differences between the two groups (both at P =0.000);Kir2.1 protein expression in adenosine + SCH442416 intervention group was increased by 8.8％ compared with the 40 mmHg/24 hours group,with insignificant difference between them (P =0.354).Real-time PCR assay showed that,following 40 mmHg pressure cultured for 24 hours,Kir2.1,Kir4.1 and TASK-1 mRNA expression in Müller cells were significantly decreased compared with the normal control group,with significant differences between the two groups (P =0.047,0.001,0.000);Kir4.1 and TASK-1 mRNA expression in Müller cells in the adenosine + SCH442416 intervention group was significantly increased compared with the 40 mmHg/24 hours group,with significant differences between the two groups (P =0.038,0.030);however,there is no significant change in Kir2.1 mRNA expression (P =0.612).Conclusions SCH442416 upregulates the expression of Kir4.1 and TASK-1 mRNA and protein,but weakly affects the expression of Kir2.1.

Seasonality of clustering of fever and diarrhea in Beijing, 2009-2015 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the seasonal distribution of the clustering of fever and diarrhea.Methods Concentration degree and circular distribution methods were used to analyze the seasonal distribution of the clustering of fever and diarrhea in Beijing from 2009 to 2015.The information were collected from the Infectious Disease Surveillance Information System of Beijing.Results The M values of the clustering of fever and diarrhea were 0.57 and 0.47.Circular distribution results showed that the clustering of fever and diarrhea angle dispersion index R values were 0.57 and 0.46 respectively,the sample average angle of Rayleigh's test Z values were 414.14,148.09 respectively (all P＜0.01).The clustering of fever and diarrhea had seasonality.The incidence peak of fever was on October 13,and the epidemic period was during August 13-December 14.The incidence peak of diarrhea was on July 31,and the epidemic period was during May 20-October 11.Conclusion The clustering of fever had obvious seasonality in Beijing,which mainly occurred in auttmn and winter.The cluster of diarrhea had certain seasonality,which mainly occurred in summer and autumn.

Seasonality of clustering of fever and diarrhea in Beijing, 2009-2015 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the seasonal distribution of the clustering of fever and diarrhea.Methods Concentration degree and circular distribution methods were used to analyze the seasonal distribution of the clustering of fever and diarrhea in Beijing from 2009 to 2015.The information were collected from the Infectious Disease Surveillance Information System of Beijing.Results The M values of the clustering of fever and diarrhea were 0.57 and 0.47.Circular distribution results showed that the clustering of fever and diarrhea angle dispersion index R values were 0.57 and 0.46 respectively,the sample average angle of Rayleigh's test Z values were 414.14,148.09 respectively (all P＜0.01).The clustering of fever and diarrhea had seasonality.The incidence peak of fever was on October 13,and the epidemic period was during August 13-December 14.The incidence peak of diarrhea was on July 31,and the epidemic period was during May 20-October 11.Conclusion The clustering of fever had obvious seasonality in Beijing,which mainly occurred in auttmn and winter.The cluster of diarrhea had certain seasonality,which mainly occurred in summer and autumn.

Effects of daily life on thyroid nodules of resident population in Beijing City / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of daily behavior,life habits,mental status of the resident population in Beijing City on thyroid nodules.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted using stratified sampling method to investigate the resident population in physical examination organization of Xicheng,Chaoyang,Mentougou and Shunyi districts,who lived in Beijing for more than 15 years,ages between 45-50 years old,and they did not know whether suffered from thyroid nodules.A 1:1 case-control study was used to analyze the relationships between thyroid nodules and mobile phone using time,exercise,sleep and mental stress in males and females.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze relationships between various factors and thyroid nodule in single factor analysis,and if the influence factors in the single factor analysis had statistical significance they will be further analyzed in the multiple factors analysis.Results The total prevalence of thyroid nodules was 35.06％ (331/944),males and females were 27.91％ (144/516) and 43.69％ (187/428),respectively.The prevalence of female was higher than that of male (x2 =25.60,P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that mental stress (males,females:OR =2.106,1.653,95％CI:1.158 ～ 3.831,1.042 ～ 2.622) and using the phone ＞ 3 h (males,females:OR =12.863,5.315,95％CI:1.540 ～ 107.444,1.359 ～ 20.794) were risk factors for thyroid nodules in the male and female populations.Conclusion The occurrence of thyroid nodules maybe related to mental status and using the phone for a long time,but its mechanism needs to be further explored.

Infection characteristics of patients in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by noroviruses / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the infection characteristics of patients in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by noroviruses.@*Methods@#Between April 2014 and March 2016, the clinical data and samples were collected from the patients in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by noroviruses in Beijing. Noroviruses were detected and genotyped using real time RT-PCR, and the infection characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis were analyzed using the descriptive epidemiological method.@*Results@#A total of 1743 clinical diagnosed cases of norovirus gastroenteritis were collected, and children under 12 years old accounted for 77.68% (1354/1743). The detection rate of noroviruses was 73.98% (509/688). The detection rates of noroviruses in fecal, swab and vomitus samples were gradually decreased (χ2=67.798, P<0.001). Among these clinical diagnosed cases, vomiting was the most common symptom (93.98%), followed by abdominal pain (40.34%), diarrhea (30.35%) and fever (27.94%). The most common symptom of patients under 6 years old was vomiting(98.14%), whereas diarrhea was most common among over 18 years old patients (68.12%). With the increase of age of the patients, the incidence of vomiting was gradually decreased (χ2=100.913, P<0.001), whereas the incidence of diarrhea was gradually increased (χ2=261.164, P<0.001). There was no statistical difference in vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain symptoms between patients infected with genogroup Ⅰ and Ⅱ noroviruses, and patients infected with genogroup Ⅱ (34.49%, 149/432) had the higher incidence rate of fever than that of genogroup Ⅰ (18.18%, 14/77) (χ2=7.985, P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Noroviruses mainly infected children under 12 years old in acute gastroentertis outbreaks. The most common symptom of patients with acute gastroenteritis caused by noroviruses was vomiting, and the incidences of vomiting and diarrhea were significantly correlated with age of the patients. Patients infected with genogroup Ⅱ had the higher incidence rate of fever than genogroup Ⅰ infection.

Endovascular treatment of ruptured aneurysms located at anterior communicating artery complex: a sixty-six cases report / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the endovascular treatments for the ruptured aneurysms located at anterior communicating artery complex (ACoAC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of patients with ruptured ACoAC aneurysms treated in Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital to Fourth Military Medical University from May 2013 to December 2014 was retrospectively analyzed. Sixty-six cases were recruited including 50 male and 16 female patients. The patients aged from 31 to 69 years old, averaging (51±8) years. The Hunt-Hess grade at admission were 13 cases with grade Ⅰ, 36 cases with grade Ⅱ, 11 cases with grade Ⅲ, and 6 cases with grade Ⅳ. The most diameter of aneurysms sac: 14 cases less than or equal to 3 mm, 36 cases more than 3 mm but less than or equal to 7 mm, and 16 cases more than 7 mm. The height diameter/neck width ratio: 8 cases with absolute wide neck, 50 cases with relatively wide neck, and 8 cases with narrow neck. There were 28 cases underwent single micro-catheter embolization, 18 cases underwent double micro-catheters embolization, 14 cases underwent stent-assisted embolization and 6 cases underwent balloon-assisted embolization. The patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months and evaluated by modified Rankin score (mRS) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The ratio of total embolization, recurrence rate, and time from operation to reexamination of four groups managed by different endovascular treatment were compared by χ(2) test or F test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty cases were totally embolized, 3 cases subtotally embolized, 3 cases incompletely embolized. Mild hemiparalysis and aphasia occurred in 2 cases, and 1 case died of infarction induced by subarachnoid haemorrhage. The mRS at six months after operation were 0 in 31 cases, 1 in 22 cases, 2 in 8 cases, 3 in 2 cases, 4 in 2 cases, 6 in 1 case. All the included cases reexamined the DSA at averaging (7.5±1.0) month post-operatively and 4 cases recurred. There were not significant differences of the ratio of total embolization, recurrence rate, time from operation to reexamination among four groups (all P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The endovascular treatment maybe an ideal management for ruptured ACoAC aneurysms.</p>

Prevention of fibrous capsule contracture using triamcinolone combined with vitamin E following silica gel prosthesis implantation / 中国组织工程研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of triamcinolone combined with vitamin E on preventing fibrous capsule contracture following the second breast augmentation. METHODS: Totally 65 patients who had 130 breasts receiving the second breast augmentation at the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, No.1 People's Hospital of Nanning were collected and served as the treatment group, including 47 cases with capsules contracture and 18 cases with hydrogel clearing. Tri-Kort was injected after the second breasts augmentation, and vitamin E was taken orally for 3 months. Additional 65 cases with 130 breasts received the second breast augmentation were served as control group. The follow-up was performed after half month, and the curative effect was evaluated by Baker grading at 1 year after operation. RESULTS: All cases in the two groups were received 6-24 months follow-up. Only 3 cases (5 breasts) in 65 patients (130 breasts) in the treatment group had capsule contracture (Baker II-III), with 3.8% of capsule contracture, which was obviously less than 18% of capsule contracture in the control group (P < 0.01,13 cases with 23 breasts in the control group). Simultaneously, no drug adverse reaction occurred in the treatment group. CONCLUSION: Triamcinolone combined with vitamin E can obviously depress the rate of capsule contracture after the second breast implantation.

Effects of minimal residue of polyacryamide hydrogel on prosthesis implanted into the breasts simultaneously / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Up to date,whether prosthesis can be implanted simultaneously with the residue of polyacryamide hydrogel (PAMHG) in the breasts still not consistent. OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility and long-term curative effect of prosthesis implanted simultaneously with the residue of PAMHG in the breasts. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The clinical cases analysis was performed at the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery,No.1 People's Hospital of Nanning were collected. PARTICIPANTS:Totally 23 cases,aged 22-42 years,who received silicone gel breast implant (SBI,100-400 mL) were collected. The time from injection to hospital visit was 0.4-4.5 years. METHOD:PAMHG was cleared as possible,followed by implanted 200-260 mL SBI was via retro-mammary space or sub-pectoral space when cases without inflammation reaction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The wound healing,regression of breast induration,as well as complication and long-term curative effect was followed up. RESULT:The 0.3-3 years follow-up showed that the whole PAMHG was cleared in 7 cases,a majority of PAMHG was cleared in 8 patients,and partially PAMHG was remained in ectopectoralis of 8 patients. All the breasts of the patients were good at exterior. No obvious nodules,infection,ulcer or gel migration occurred. All patients were satisfied with the surgical results. CONCLUSION:It is feasible and safe to implant prosthesis simultaneously with minimal residue of PAMHG if there is no inflammatory reaction.