Comparison of marker gene expression changes in different mouse models of cardiac hypertrophy / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the differences in hyper-trophic marker genes such as atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP) , brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP) and β-myo-sin heavy chain (β-MHC) genes in different models of cardiac hypertrophy. Methods Respectively using re-nal abdominal aortic coarctation ( AAC) , arteriovenous fistula ( AVF) and isoproterenol ( ISO) methods to es-tablish C57BL/6 mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy. After modeling, each mouse ’ s body weight ( BW ) , heart weight ( HW) and left ventricular weight ( LVW) were weighed, and the heart weight ( HW/BW) and left ventricular index ( LVW/BW ) were calculated;myocardium by HE staining, pathological morphologi-cal changes were observed; myocardium by immuno-histochemistry, ANP, BNP and β-MHC protein ex-pression was observed;myocardium by Real-time PCR detection, ANP, BNP and β-MHC mRNA expression was observed. Results Compared with control group, HW/BW and LVW/BW were increased in three mod-els. Through the light microscope, each mouse model showed varying degrees of cardiac hypertrophy. ANP, BNP and β-MHC were increased in the protein and mRNA expression. Compared with AAC group, AVF and ISO groups’ myocardial tissue ANP, BNP and β-MHC expression were decreased in the protein and mRNA expression. Conclusions Three cardiac hy-pertrophy models are successful. Cardiac tissue ANP, BNP and β-MHC expression in AAC model exceeds AVF and ISO model.

Comparison of manipulation between two different methods of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To compare the manipulation of two different methods of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT),the guidewire dilating forceps (Portex method) and the modified onestep dilation technique (Ciaglia Blue Rhino method,CBR method).Methods From March 2013 to February 2014,48 patients eligible to meet the criteria of tracheostomy in ICU were collected and were divided into two groups at random.The length of time consumed for operation,amount of blood lost during operation and the operation complications were compared between two groups.The participant surgeons were asked which method they preferred,Portex or CBR.Results Of them,the mean age was 76.7 ± 11.6 years old,and 25 patients (52.1％) were male.The reasons for tracheotomy were the length of time needed for mechanical ventilation support expected to be longer than 2 weeks (n =30),severe disturbance of consciousness (n =17),and upper airway obstruction (n =1).The patients enrolled in the study were randomly divided into Portex and CBR groups.There were no significant differences in age,gender,APACHE Ⅱ score,the reason of tracheotomy,the length of time for mechanical ventilation support before tracheotomy,and the preoperative coagulation function between two groups.CBR method can easily be done with less operation time required than Portex [(5.9 ±4.3) min vs.(9.9 ± 1.5) min,P ＜0.01],and had obviously fewer operation complications and less amount of blood lost than Portex method (P ＜ 0.05).The male surgeons with a slew of surgical practice were in preference to Portex,whereas female doctors with less work experience and without surgical practice preferred CBR.Conclusions The CBR method can easier be done and was better than the Portex method in minimizing operative trauma and reducing the complications,especially it can easily be accepted by female doctors with less work experience and without surgical practice and it is worth using widely in clinic.

The protective effects of Qiqiong Capsule on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury / 中国基层医药

ObjectiveTo study the protective effects of Qiqiong(QQJN) on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and its mechanism. MethodsMiddle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) was used to make focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model by intravascular nylon filament occlusion. The protective effects of QQJN were evaluated by investigating neurological function score, percentage of cerebral infarction, pathomorphology of brain, the activity of SOD and the content of MDA in hrain tissue,thrombogenesis and platelet aggregation in vitro. ResultsCompared with model group, QQJN(4.4、8.8g/kg)could decrease the neurological score in 8 and 22h after reperfusion, reduce the percentage of cerebral infauction,improve pathomorphology of brain, decrease the length, wet weight and dry weight of thromb and inhibit platelet aggregation. ConclusionQQJN had protective effects on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The role of anti-injury of free radicals,inhibit thrombogenesis and platelet aggregation should contribute to its neuroprotective effects.

Hypoglycemic activity and mechanism of Polygona-polysaccharide on diabetic rat model / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Polygona-polysaccharose (PSP) on blood glucose level and the mechanism of protection on diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The animal model of diabetes was established by injecting STZ (60 mg x kg(-1)) into its abdominal cavity. The amount of water drinking, food intake, urinary volume and body weight were measured at the fourth week of the treatment. The blood samples were drawn to determine the indexes of blood glucose (FBG) and Glycosylated serum protein (GSP) and blood serum insulin (INS). Pancreatic pathology was studied with morphological method and immunohistochemical method. The distribution of apoptotic cells and the expression of Caspase-3 were observed by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The levels of FBG, GSP and the amount of water drinking, food intake, urinary volume in the PSP treated groups were obviously lower than those in the model group while INS increased. PSP decreased the rate of apoptotic cells and the level of Caspase-3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PSP can effectivly decrease blood glucose and increase INS. The mechanism may be related with inhibiting islet cell apoptosis and lowering Caspase-3.</p>

Protective effects of AST and ASI on memory impairment and its mechanism in senescent rats treated by GC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effects and mechanisms of astragaloside (AST) and astragalus saponin I (ASI) on the memory impairment in senescent rats treated by glucocorticoid (GC).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Y maze test was performed to determine the effects of AST and ASI on memory impairment of hydrocortisone(HC)-induced senescent rats. Using Ca2+ sensitive fluorescent indicator (Furo-2), free intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured by double wavelength fluorescence sepectrophotometer in thymocytes and hippocampal neurons induced dexamethasone (DEX). And apoptosis was detected by DNA gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with HC control, AST and ASI can improve the memory of the senescent rats treated by HC, lower [Ca2+]i and suppress apoptosis of thymocytes and hippocampal neurons induced by DEX.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AST and ASI can delay the aging in rats treated by HC, and its mechanism may includ lowering[Ca2+]i and suppressing the apoptosis of thymocytes and hippocampal neurons.</p>

Protective effect of Xinaoning freezedrying power (XNN) against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effects of Xinaoning freezedrying power (XNN) against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion method was used to make global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model of rats. The EEG and the reappearing time of righting reflex were recorded, and the activity of SOD, LDH, NOS and the content of MDA and LD in the brain were tested. The ET content in hippocampi was researched by radioimmunoassay method. Aggregation of platelets induced by ADP was examined. The resting and free intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in platelets induced by CaCl2 was measured by double wavelength fluorescence sepectrophotometer with a Ca2+ sensitive fluorescent indicator (Furo-2).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>XNN could promote the recovery of EEG and righting reflex, reduce the brain edema and brain index, increase SOD and LDH activities, inhibit NOS activity, decrease MDA, LD and ET contents, inhibit platelet aggregation, reduce the resting [Ca2+]i and inhibit the increase of [Ca2+]i induced by CaCl2 in rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>XNN has protective effect against golobal cerebral ischemai-reperfusion injury.</p>

Effects of bioactive compounds from paecilomyces tenuipes on lipid peroxidation of brain in chronic stress rats and its acute toxicity / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To study the acute toxicity of bioactive compounds from paecilomyces tenuipes (BCPT) and the effect of BCPT on lipid peroxidation of brain in chronic stress model (CMS) of depression in rats. METHODS: The depression animal model was induced by chronic unforeseeable stress (CUS). The maximally tolerated dose (MTD) was used to detect the acute toxicity of BCPT. UV spectrophotometer analysis technique was used to detect the activity of SOD, GSH-PX and CAT, and content of MDA and NO in rat's brain. RESULTS: The MTD of BCPT was 9 g?kg -1 . BCPT could obviously enhance the activities of SOD, GSH-PX and CAT, and also significantly inhibit the increase of MDA and NO content in brain in CMS rats. CONCLUSION: BCPT has little toxicity and produces an antidespressant-like effect in antioxidation in CMS rats.

Effects of BCPT on the expressions of cerebral cortex BDNF and Bax and the ultrastructure of hippocampus of rats treated with chronic unpredictable stress / 中国药理学通报

Aim Exploration of the effects of bioactive compound from paecilomyces tenuipes (BCPT) on the behavior, ultrastructure of hippocampus, and expressions of BDNF and Bax of cerebral cortex in CUS rats. Methods The depression model rat was induced by chronic unpredictable stress(CUS). The Open field test was used to observe the behavior of CUS rats. The expressions of BDNF and Bax of cerebral cortex were studied using immunohistochemical method, and average optical density of cortical neuron was calculated by image analysis. Morphology of hippocampus was observed by transmission electron microscope. Results Compared with model group, BCPT could obviously increase the activity of ambulation and rearing and the number of positive neuron of BDNF, decrease the number of positive neuron of Bax, and effectively prevent pathological damage induced by chronic unpredictable stress. Conclusion BCPT may exhibit the effects of antidepression, up-regulate the expression of BDNF, down-regulate the expression of Bax, and improve of the ultrastructure of hippocampus.

Effect of extract of astragalus on inflammatory factor and apoptosis after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the mechanisms of protective effects of extract of astragalus against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by intraluminal thread occlusion of middle cerebral artery. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine expression of TNF-?,IL-1? was measured by radioimmunity, and the apoptosis was observed by TUNEL. Results EA(20、40、80 mg?kg -1,ig)could decrease the expression of TNF-? and the level of IL-1? and reduce cell apoptosis. Conclusion EA has inhibitory action on the increase in the expression of TNF-?,the level of IL-1? and the apoptosis of neurons induced by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

Effect of BCPT on antioxidization and lymphocyte proliferation in chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effect of bioactive compounds from paecilomyces tenuipes(BCPT) on antioxidization and lymphocyte proliferation in chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) model of depression in rats.Methods Depression animal model was reproducted in CUMS,UV spectrophotometer analysis technique was used to detect the activity of SOD、GSH-PX and CAT,and content of MDA and NO in rat serum;lymphocyte proliferation was tested with MTT method.Results BCPT could obviously enhance the activities of SOD、GSH-PX and CAT,and also significantly inhibit the increase of MDA and NO content in serum in CUMS rats;BCPT decreased the serum from depressive rat inhibited ConA-induced lymphocyte proliferation.Conclusion BCPT produces an antidespressant-like effect in antioxidation and cellular immunological function in CUMS rats.

Effect of BCPT on AVP content of hypothalamus and pituitary and AVP mRNA of hypothalamus in chronic stress rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effect of bioactive compounds from paecilomyces tenuipes(BCPT) on AVP content of hypothalamus,pituitary and expression of AVP mRNA of hypothalamus and behaviour in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats.Methods The depression animal model was induced by chronic unpredictable stress.The behaviour of rats was tested in the open field.The effect of BCPT on AVP content in hypothalamus and pituitary was tested by radioimmunoassay.RT-PCR was used to test the expression of AVP mRNA in hypothalamus.Results BCPT could decrease the expression of AVP mRNA of hypothalamus and decrease AVP content of hypothalamus and pituitary in chronic stressed rats obviously.BCPT could increase ambulation and rearing score of chronic stressed rats in the open-field test.Conclusion BCPT exhibited an antidepressant-like effect may in part be associated with the decreasing AVP content of hypothalamus and pituitary,and the expression of AVPmRNA of hypothalamus in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats

Effect of BCPT on Expression of Hippocampus and Cortex MR,GR mRNA in CUS Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore the antidepressant effects of bioactive compounds from paecilomyces tenuipes(BCPT)on expression of hippocampus and cortex mineralocorticoid receptor(MR),glucocorticoid receptor(GR)mRNA in CUS(chronic unpredictable stress)rats.METHODS:The depression model rat was produced by CUS,the therapy effect of BCPT was observed in CUS rats.It detected expression of hippocampus and cortex MR,GR mRNA with RT-PCR in CUS rats.RESULTS:BCPT could enhance the expression of hippocampus and cortex MR,GR mRNA or decrease the ratio of MR/GR mRNA in CUS rats.CONCLUSION:BCPT could obviously enhance the expression of hippocampus and cortex MR,GR mRNA or decrease the ratio of MR/GR mRNA in CUS rats,the result of this study suggested that BCPT possess certain antidepressant effect.

Anti-oxidative and mitochondria-protective effects of extract of astragalus on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the anti-oxidative and mitochondria-protective effects of estract of astragalus (EA ) on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and its mechanism in rats.Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MACO) was used to induce focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model. After 24 h reperfusion,MDA, LD content and SOD activity of brain homogenate were tested. MDA content,SOD and ATPase activity in mitochondrion were also tested.Transmission electron microscopy was used to assess the ultrastructure dstruction. Results EA(20, 40, 80 mg?kg -1) significantly inhibited the increase of MDA, LD after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. EA (40, 80 mg?kg -1) also inhibited the decrease of activit of SOD in rats. EA(20, 40, 80 mg?kg -1) inhibited the increase of MDA and inhibited the decrease of activities of SOD, Na+,K+-ATPase, Ca 2+,Mg 2+-ATPase in mitochondrion. The examination by transmission electron microscopy showed that EA (20, 40 mg?kg -1) protected the ultrastructure destruction. Conclusion EA had protective effects against focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injuries via attenuating cerebral oxygen free radical(OFR)lipid peroxidation and protecting mitochondria.

Protective effect of EA against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中国药理学通报

AIMTo study the protective effects of EA against cer ebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODSAcute cerebral ischemia w as produced by the occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries of mice .The s urvival time in 12 h of the mice was observed, and the mortalities in 2 h, 6 h, 12 h were recorded. Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion method was used to make ce rebral ischemia-reperfusion model of rats. The EEG and the reappearing time of righting reflex were recorded and the activity of GSH-Px,LDH,NOS in the brain w as tested. Researching the iNOS expression in hippocampiwith immunocytochemistry method and measure the mean optical density. RESULTSEA can decrease the mortalities and prolong the survival t ime in 12 h of the mice. EA can promote the recovery of the EEG and the RR after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion operation in rats and enhance the activities of the GSH-Px LDH, reduce the activity of the NOS. EA also inhibits the expression of iNOS and reduce it's value of mean optical density in hippocampi of the rat s. CONCLUSIONEA has protective effects against cerebral ischemai-r eperfusion injury.

Protective effect of extract of astragalus against injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation in hippocampus neuron / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effect of EA on the injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons.Methods Rat hippocampal neurons in primary culture were used,and a apoptosis model was induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation.MTT assay and LDH releasing rate were used to detect the cell viability.The apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons was analyzed by Hoechst 33258 staining,flow cytometry with AnnexinV-FITC and PI staining.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of AKT and p-AKT.Results Compared to control group,three hours of hypoxia followed by sixteen hours of reoxygenation induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis.EA could raise the neuronal viability and reduce apoptosis rate and the damage degree of rat hippocampal neurons.EA could increase the expressing of p-AKT.Conclusions EA has protective effects on damaged neurons,and the mechanism may be related to activating the PI3K-AKT signal transduction pathway.

Protective effects of extract of astragalus on injuries of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats and anoxia in mice / 中国药理学通报

AIM Protective effects of extract of astragalus on injuries of global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats and anoxia in mice. METHODS Acute anoxia in mice were produced by hypoxia under normal pressure and decapitation. In these two models the survival time and persistent time of gasping were observed. The global ischemia and reperfusion in rats was made by four-vessel occlusion (4-VO). After 20 min ischemia and 24 h reperfusion, the brain index and water content in brain was detected. MDA content and SOD activity of brain homogenate were tested. Endothelin concentration was determined both in plasma and hippocampus. The pathological changes of cortex tissue were observed by light microscope. RESULTS EA(50,100 mg?kg -1) significantly prolonged the survival time and persistent time of gasping in mice subjected to acute anoxia. EA(20,40,80 mg?kg -1) markedly reduced brain edema induced by global ischemia and reperfusion. EA(40,80 mg?kg -1) decreased MDA content and increased SOD activity in brain homogenate, and also inhibited ET concentration both in plasma and hippocampus. The pathological changes of cortex tissue were less serious in rats treated with EA. CONCLUSION EA has protective effects on cerebral ischemia and anoxia injuries that may relate to anti-oxidation and inhibition of ET production.

Effects of astragalosides on the expression of BDNF,TrkB and p75NTR mRNA against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the neurological protective effects of astragalosides(AST) on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury in rats and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods Male SD rats received right middle cerebral artery occlusion for 120 min,and were decapitated 1,3,7,and 14 days after reperfusion.AST(40 mg?kg-1) was orally administered after I/R.Neurological deficit score was daily determined,the expressions of BDNF and p75NTR mRNA were detected by RT-PCR,and the expression of TrkB mRNA was detected by real-time PCR.Results AST reduced the neurological deficit score on days 3,increased the expression of BDNF mRNA on days 3,7 and 14,decreased p75NTR mRNA and increased TrkB mRNA on days 3 and 7.Conclusions AST improves the neurological deficits after I/R in rats.The mechanism may be related with increasing BDNF,and TrkB mRNA,and decreasing p75NTR mRNA.