Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Is Associated with Serum Chemerin and Irisin but Not with Apolipoprotein M Levels

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the levels of chemerin, irisin and apolipoprotein M (apoM) in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS: The study included 88 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Based on World Health Organization criteria, women with a T-score of ≤–2.5 were defined as osteoporotic. In this case-control study, postmenopausal women with T-score >–1 were selected as controls (n = 88) and case-matched in a 1:1 ratio based on age (within 2 years) and body mass index (BMI) (within 1.0 kg/m2). ApoM, irisin and chemerin levels were determined by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, BMI, parity, cholesterol and apoM levels between the two groups. C-reactive protein levels were significantly increased in women with osteoporosis. Serum chemerin levels (240.1 ± 46.1 vs. 261.5 ± 50.8 ng/mL) were significantly lower in the women with osteoporosis, as compared to the controls (P = 0.004). Serum irisin levels were also decreased in women with osteoporosis (0.7 ± 0.2 vs. 0.8 ± 0.2 ng/mL; P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: In the present study, osteoporosis was associated with decreased levels of circulating chemerin and irisin. These findings suggested that adipokines might play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

Factors Associated with Mammographic Density in Postmenopausal Women

OBJECTIVES: Breast density increases the risk of breast cancer, but also in the interpretation of mammography is also important. This study examine the risk factors affecting breast density in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Between January 2013 and January 2014, 215 patients admitted to The Clinics of Gynecology and Obstetrics with complaints of menopause were taken. According to the results of mammography, Group I (non-dense, n = 175) and Group II (dense, n = 40) were created. The informations of the caseswere analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: In Group I, body mass index (BMI), number of pregnancies, parity were significantly higher than group II (P < 0.05). In group II, the withdrawal period of menstruation and progesterone levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05). In logistic regression analysis, BMI for dense breasts and number of pregnancies were found to be an independent risk factor (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Increased BMI, pregnancy and parity, result of reduction in density , but longer duration of menopause and increased progesterone cause an increase in density. BMI and the number of pregnancy was found to be independent risk factors for reducing breast density.

Evaluation of Bone Density Measurement in Type 2 Diabetic Postmenopausal Women with Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy postmenopausal women to BMD in type 2 diabetic hypertensive postmenopausal women with hyperlipidemia. METHODS: Fifty type 2 diabetic and hypertensive postmenopausal women with hyperlipidemia and 51 age and body mass index (BMI) matched healthy postmenopausal women were included. Lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD were noted in both groups. BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium and phosphorous were also measured. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to establish the relationship between various clinical characteristics. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between two groups in respect to lumbar and vertebral BMD values, age, BMI, gravidity, parity. Serum cholesterol and fasting glucose levels were significantly different between each groups (P = 0.0001, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: We found that, accompanying chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia don't affect the BMD measurements at postmenopausal period. So these postmenopausal women don't have excess risk regarding osteoporosis.

Role of oxidative stress on vaginal bleeding during the first trimester of pregnant women

Reactive oxygen species [ROS] are produced in many metabolic and physiologic processes. Antioxidative mechanisms remove these harmful species. Our aim was to assess whether serum total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status altered during first trimester pregnancies with vaginal bleeding. In this cross-sectional study, A group of pregnant women at less than 10 weeks of gestation with vaginal bleeding [n=25] and a control group of healthy pregnancies with similar characteristics [n=25] were included. All of the patients in the two groups were matched for age, gestational age and body mass index. Serum total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status levels were determined using a Hitachi 912 analyzer and compared between the two groups. Characteristics, including maternal age, parity, and gestational age were similar between the two groups. Serum total antioxidant capacity levels were significantly lower in the women with vaginal bleeding than in control women [1.16 +/- 0.20 vs.1.77 +/- 0.08 mmol Trolox Equiv. /L; p=0.001], whereas higher total oxidant status measurements were found in women with vaginal bleeding compared to the control group [4.01 +/- 0.20 vs.2.57 +/- 0.65 micromol H[2]O[2] Equiv. /L; p=0.001]. Increased total oxidant status might be involved in the pathophysiology of vaginal bleeding during early first trimester pregnancies