Diagnosis and treatment progress of nephron-sparing surgery in the treatment of upstaging pT3a renal carcinoma / 现代泌尿外科杂志

Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) is the standard treatment method for T1 and some T2 stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but it is not recommended for T3 stage RCC. Due to the limited sensitivity and specificity of preoperative imaging, some cT1/2 upstaging to pT3a RCC patients also receive NSS. The efficacy of NSS versus radical nephrectomy for upstaging to T3a RCC remains highly controversial. This article summarizes the preoperative imaging diagnostic criteria of T3a RCC and risk factors of upstaging to pT3a, and compares the efficacy and prognosis between NSS and radical nephrectomy for upstaging to pT3a RCC.

Icariin Ameliorates Efferocytosis Dysfunction of Alveolar Macrophages Stimulated by Cigarette Smoke Extract via PPARγ Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of icariin in ameliorating efferocytosis dysfunction and inflammatory response of alveolar macrophages induced by cigarette smoke extract via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPARγ） signaling pathway. MethodThe untreated rat alveolar macrophages （NR8383） were taken as the blank group. The NR8383 cells treated with 10% cigarette smoke extract were divided into model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （10， 20， 40 μmol·L-1） icariin， PPARγ inhibitor， and PPARγ inhibitor + low-， medium-， and high-dose icariin groups. Alamar blue colorimetry was employed to examine the proliferation and toxicity of icariin on NR8383 cells. The efferocytosis rate of NR8383 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）， and milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 （MFG-E8）. Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were employed to determine the protein and mRNA levels， respectively， of PPARγ， CD36， and RAS-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 （Rac1）. ResultThe efferocytosis dysfunction model of NR8383 was established with the cigarette smoke extract. Compared with the blank control group， the model group showed decreased efferocytosis rate （P<0.05）， elevated TNF-α level （P<0.05）， lowered TGF-β1 and MFG-E8 levels （P<0.01）， and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of PPARγ， CD36， and Rac1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the treatment with icariin increased the efferocytosis rate （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lowered the TNF-α level （P<0.01）， elevated TGF-β1 and MFG-E8 levels （P<0.05）， and up-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of PPARγ， CD36， and Rac1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with icariin alone， PPARγ inhibitor + icariin decreased the efferocytosis rate （P<0.05） and down-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of PPARγ （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， PPARγ inhibitor + low-dose icariin down-regulated the protein level of CD36 （P<0.01） and PPARγ inhibitor + low-/medium-dose icariin up-regulated the protein level of Rac1 （P<0.05）. ConclusionIcariin ameliorates the cigarette smoke extract-induced efferocytosis dysfunction of alveolar macrophage by regulating the PPARγ signaling pathway and cytoskeletal structure rearrangement.

Effects of bosutinib on acute lung injury in mice with endotoxemia / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effects of bosutinib on acute lung injury in mice with endotoxemia.Methods:Sixty clean-grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8-12 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=15 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), bosutinib group (group B), endotoxemia group (group lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and bosutinib plus endotoxemia group (group B+ LPS). Septic acute lung injury model was developed by intraperitoneal injection of LPS.Bosutinib 5 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein at 0.5 h before establishing the model in group B+ LPS and at the corresponding time point in group B. At 24 h after developing the model, the mice were sacrificed for microscopic examination of the pathological results of lung tissues which were scored for calculation of the lung coefficient (LI) and wet/dry lung weight (W/D) ratio, and for determination of the content of Evans blue in lung tissues (by Evans blue staining), expression of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), phosphorylated nuclear transcription factor κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65), phosphorylated nuclear factor κB inhibitory protein α (pIκB-α) (by Western blot) and expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA (using real-time polymerase chain reaction). Results:Compared with group C, the LI, W/D ratio, Evans blue content in lung tissues and lung injury score were significantly increased, and the expression of IL-1β mRNA, TNF-α mRNA, IL-6 mRNA, VCAM-1, p-NF-κB p65 and pIKB-α was up-regulated, and the expression of VE-cadherin was down-regulated in group LPS ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group B ( P>0.05). Compared with group B, the LI, W/D ratio, Evans blue content in lung tissues and lung injury score were significantly decreased, and the expression of IL-1β mRNA, TNF-α mRNA, IL-6 mRNA, VCAM-1, p-NF-κB p65 and pIKB-α was down-regulated, and the expression of VE-cadherin was up-regulated in group LPS ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Bosutinib can ameliorate the acute lung injury in mice with endotoxemia.

Clinical research of acupuncture combined with metformin or the treatment of diabetes at the early stage / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical application of acupuncture combined with metformin or the treatment of diabetes at the early stage.Methods According to the random table method,123 patients with diabetes at the early stage were divided into control group (n=61) and the treatment group (n=62).The patients in the control group were treated with metformin,while the patients in the treatment group were treated with acupuncture combined with metformin.Two groups of patients were treated for 12 weeks.The clinical total effective rate of two groups of patients after treatment was counted.The FPG,HbA1c,FINS,FCP,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C,LEP,GLP-1,RETN,HOMA-IR and ISI of the two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results The total effective rate of treatment group was 91.9％ (57/62),while the control group was 65.6％ (40/61),and the difference between two groups was statistically significant (x2=12.818,P＜0.01).After treatment,the FPG,HbA1c,FINS.FCP,HOMA-IR,ISI,TG,TC,LDL-C,LEP,RETN of treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group (t were 14.149,14.301,4.254,7.552,9.470,11.032,9.993,12.000,11.802,5.385,9.121,P＜0.01),while the HDL-C,GLP-I of treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group (t were 3.402,14.680,P＜0.01).Conclusions Acupuncture combined with metformin or the treatment of diabetes at the early stage has a good efficacy,can correct the disorder of glucose and lipid,improve the insulin resistance.

Training effect of case-based learning on post competency of medical students in the teaching of medical chemistry / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the training effect of the case-based learning (CBL) teaching method on post competency of medical students. Methods Four classes of students majoring in nursing in China Medical University were enrolled and divided into experimental group and control group, with two classes in each group. In the teaching of medical chemistry, the CBL teaching method was adopted for the experimental group and the traditional teaching method was adopted for the control group, with the same teacher and teaching materials. Questionnaire survey and final examination were performed to assess the effect of the CBL teaching method on post competency of medical students, and SPSS 20.0 software was used for data analysis. Results The results of the questionnaire survey showed that the experimental group had better assessment indices of post competency. The results of the final examination showed that the experimental group had a significantly higher mean score of medical chemistry than the control group [(73.5 ±10.3) vs. (68.1 ±9.1)]. Conclusion The application of the CBL teaching method in medical chemistry can effectively improve the learning outcomes of medical students and train their post competency, and therefore, it holds promise for application in the teaching of basic medicine.

Visualization Analysis on Diagnostic Criteria Research of Qi-yin Deficiency Based on Knowledge Mapping Function of CiteSpace / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective: To analyze the status and existing problems of the diagnostic criteria of qi and yin deficiencysyndrome by applying the knowledge mapping method. Methods: In the China Knowledge Network Database (CNKI), wesearched the relevant journal articles on the diagnostic criteria of qi and yin deficiency syndrome, exported andtransformed the literature data, and used CiteSpace software to draw co-occurrence map of authors, institutions and keywords of research on the diagnosis criteria of qi and yin deficiency syndrome for analysis.Results:A total of 378research papers were included, and the main researchers and teams represented by Li Jiansheng were found.The research institute was mainly the Institute of Geriatrics of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Diabetes was the most concerned research direction in this field.Conclusion:Although the research on the diagnostic criteria of qi and yin deficiency syndrome is currently facing great difficulties, the research institutions in this field have cooperat extensively.The wisdom collision brought by such cooperation foundation will provide solutions to these problems, an the output of excellent results was expected.Based on diabetes, IGA nephropathy, coronary heart disease, and clinic research as the method, the relevant research is the main direction, which will be the main trend of the research on t diagnostic criteria of qi and yin deficiency syndrome.

The construction of the rating scales on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of geriatrics and analysis of its reliability and validity / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To construct a rating scale on the knowledge,attitude,and practice of geriatrics for 8-year clinical medical students and undergraduate nursing students,and to test the reliability and validity of the scale.Methods The Knowledge,Attitude,Practice(KAP)theory was used as a guided framework,relative literatures were reviewed,and topics for question answering were discussed by experts group.Then,a questionnaire was initially constructed.Five methods,including discrete trend method,Cronbach coefficient,t-test,correlation analysis,and factor analysis,were used to screen the attitude and practice items.The knowledge items were evaluated by experts.Items with over three exclusion criteria were deleted when combining the literal questions.The construct validity of the integrated scale was assessed by factor analysis.A pilot research was conducted by 100 eight-year medical students and nursing undergraduates selecting question entries,and the reliability and validity of the scale were examined.Results The scale consisted of three dimensions.A 43-item initiate questionnaire on the scale included 13 items for knowledge,11 for attitude,and 19 for practice.Two knowledge items were deleted according to expert evaluation.Seven items with more than three exclusion criteria were deleted after statistical analyses.Eventually,34 items were included in the questionnaire.The Cronbach α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.702.And three common factors were extracted according to exploratory factor analysis.Conclusions The reliability and validity of Geriatrics Knowledge,Attitude and Practice scale for eight year medical students and nursing undergraduates are acceptable,but the knowledge items should be recomposed.

Effect of SOCS3 on progress of liver fibrosis and reversein mice induced by carbon tetrachloride and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the effects of cytokine signaling inhibition protein-3(SOCS3) on the liver fibrosis progression and reverse.Methods C57BL/6 mouse model was established by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride(CCl4).After a successful model of fibrosis, one-month normal diet was given to induce the reverse fibrosis model, while normal mice of the same gender and weight were as control group.Mice were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 weeks, respectively, then the liver tissue was harvested for the observation of its injury by hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining.Then Masson staining was applied for the detection of changes in collagen, and the immunohistochemistry(IHC) for the observation of type Ⅰ Collagen(Colla-1), alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1) and SOCS3 protein expression.In vitro formation of fibrosis was induced by TGF-β1 stimulating HSC-T6 cell lines, which was then reversed by MDI medium, with co-incubation of HSC-T6 cells with plasmid in the process of the reverse.Western blot was employed to detect SOCS3, Colla-1, α-SMA, TGF-β1 expression.Results The expression of SOCS3 and TGF-β1 increased in mouse model of fibrosis with the worsening fibrosis process and decreased in the reverse process.Over-expression SOCS3 in the reverse process reduced the development of liver fibrosis;meanwhile, the expression of TGF-β1 was also reduced accordingly.Conclusion SOCS3 may influence the development of the liver fibrosis and its reverse via regulating the expression of TGF-β1.

"Interpretation of ""Clinician's Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers"" (3rd edition, America)" / 中华老年医学杂志

In April 2016,the American Geriatrics Society(AGS)entered into a cooperative agreement with U.S.Department of Transportation.National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) updates and expands the Clinician's Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers to the 3rd Edition.The main goal of the Guide is to reduce traffic accidents and injuries to older drivers.According to the workflow of evaluation and management provided by Plan for Older Driver Safety(PODS),clinicians can conduct driving strategies after screening,evaluation and result analysis.The evaluation is done based on the Clinical Assessment of Driving Related Skills(CADReS) by a team including physicians,nurse practitioners,physician assistants,pharmacists,occupational therapists,driving rehabilitation specialists,and social workers.The CADReS including a series of assessment tools are used to evaluate in the key areas,such as vision,cognition,and motor/sensory function related to driving.Some measures will be taken based on the evaluation conclusions to help to explore the potential of driving safely for old adults.

Extensive Imprinting Adaptability of Polyacrylamide-based Amphoteric Cryogels Against Protein Molecules / 分析化学

Lysozyme, pepsin, ovalbumin, hemoglobin andγ-globumin were chosen as templates to investigate the imprinting capability of amphoteric polyacrylamide cryogels. Prepolymerizing solutions contained acrylic acid and allyl amine, as well as acrylamide and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as the functional monomers. As a result there were both acidic and basic functional groups in the polymers, facilitating effective interactions with likewise amphoteric proteins. The proteins differ greatly and cover wide scopes of molecular weights and isoelectric points. Regardless of the values of the molecular weights and isoelectric points, all the templates gave higher retentions on the MIP tubes than on the NIP tube. The MIP of lysozyme indicated the highest imprinting factor of 7. 0, and that of γ-globumin showed the lowest, 2. 0. The values of other proteins were intervenient. Conclusively the amphoteric polyacrylamide cryogels were suitable imprinting materials for various proteins, and could potentially be used for protein recognition, purification, and depletion.

Investigation on bioactive protection of LEA protein for insulin by molecular simulation in the low-temperature drying process / 生物医学工程学杂志

Nowadays various protein medicines are increasingly playing significant roles in the treatment of many diseases, but the bioactive structures of such kinds of protein medicines are unstable because they are heat sensitive. Therefore, it is very important to explore a protective method and to explain the protective mechanism of protein medicines. In the present research, insulin was chosen as a heat-sensitive protein medicine, and a Group 3 late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein was chosen as its bioactive protectant during desiccation. The results of replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation suggest that comparing with insulin without any protection, the bioactive 3D structure and secondary structure of the insulin protected by LEA protein were preserved very well. All analyzing results proved that the LEA protein was a good bioactive protectant for heat sensitive protein medicines.

Molecular simulation research on aggregation of insulin / 生物医学工程学杂志

In the present research, molecular simulation and quantum chemistry calculations were combined to investigate the thermal stability of three kinds of insulin aggregations and the effect of Zn (II) ion coordination on these aggregations. The results of molecular simulation indicated that the three insulin dimers in the same sphere closed hexamer had synergistic stability. It is the synergistic stability that enhances the structural and thermal stability of insulin, preserves its bioactivity during production, storage, and delivery of insulin formulations, and prolongs its halflife in human bodies. According to the results of quantum chemistry calculations, each Zn (II)-N (Im-insulin) bond energy can reach 73.610 kJ/mol for insulin hexamer and 79.907 kJ/mol for insulin tetramer. However, the results of Gibbs free energy changes still indicats that the coordination of zinc (II) ions is unfavorable for the formation of insulin hexamer, because the standard Gibbs free energy change of the coordinate reaction of zinc (II) ions associated with the formatting insulin hexamer is positive and increased.

Multi-residue determination of 11 pesticides in Shengmaiyin prescription by gas chromatography / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the pesticide residues in Shengmaiyin.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The residues were simultaneously identified and quantified by capillary gas chromatography. The capillary column was OV-1701(0. 32 mm x 30 m, 0.5 microm), splitless injection and Agilent 63Ni electron capture detector ECD were adopted. The carrier gas were high-pure nitrogen, the flow rate were 60 mL x min(-1), the injector temperature was 260 degrees C, and the detector temperature was 300 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>It showed a good linear relationship between peak area and pesticide concentration for 11 kinds of pesticides in the detection concentration range. All correlation coefficients were higher than 0.996 2. The average recovery was 83.1% -114.7%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A simple and efficient monitoring method of pesticide residues is established which provides the foundation for the safe use and analysis of Shengmaiyin.</p>

Application of chemical pattern recognition to quality control of Radix Paeoniae Alba / 中草药

Objective With generalization and steadiness,a new evaluation model by Integrating Non Linear Features extraction algorithm with artificial neural networks(ANN) used for pattern recognition of quality control of Radix Paeoniae Alba was proposed in this paper.Methods The HPLC data from 29 samples with different quality were proceeded with nonlinear kernel principal component analysis(KPCA) and an improved Back propagation algorithm of ANN.The extract characteristics was fed into BP neural networks as input elements for pattern recognition.In the meantime,the processing data,the optimal numbers of hidden layers,the numbers of hidden nodes,excitation functions,and over-fitting,etc. were discussed wholly so that standardization networks was designed without jamming.Results As recognition ratio was 100%,the pattern recognition of quality control of Radix Paeoniae Alba was established successfully by trained networks and predicted results.Conclusion Integrating KPCA algorithm with ANN for pattern recognition of quality control of Radix Paeoniae Alba has been proved to be available.