RESUMO
Background: Infertility is a major problem worldwide affecting 60-80 million women and men, all over the world causing social and family life disturbances leading to divorces
Objective: This study was planned to determine the prevalence of poor quality serum among varicocele patients
Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive study in which data of 200 cases was reviewed from 2006 to 2011, clinical assessment and semen analysis of these patients were carried out and graded accordingly. Semen analysis post-operatively was also carried out
Results: A total of200 patients were included in study, the overall mean age was 29 years, in grade I, it was 32 years in grade II, 29 years and in grade III, 26 years. Overall 55% has poor quality of semen. 45% had no rmozoospermia, 18% had oligozoospermia, 13% had oligoasthenozoospermia, 17.5% had asthenozoospermia, azoospermia in 7% of cases were found. Pathophysiology and relation between varicocele and infertility is yet to be understood but venous reflex and testicular temperature elevation may be the factor of development ofvaricocele induced testicular dysfunction
Conclusion: There is a relationship between the grades of varicocele and deterioration of semen quality. Grade III varicocele is associated with decreased sperm count. High frequency of varicocele in adolescents with poor quality of semen and the fact that early treatment of varicocele restores the testicular function and there after fertility, health education of children and parents should be mandatory
RESUMO
Background: Haemorrhoids is one of the most common anorectal condition, which involved human beings both in ancient and recent times
Objective: The study was conducted to describe clinical profile and management outcome of symptomatic haemorrhoids
Patients and methods: A total of 405 patients of symptomatic haemorrhoids were included from outdoor and indoor department. Conservatively managed patients of grade I were 150 while for others open haemorrhoidectomy was performed. This descriptive study was planned to asses the outcome at week one and six and complications for one year
Result: Our results showed that majority of the patients has multiple symptoms. 75% of the conservatively managed patients of grade I were cured. Among grade II, 80% responded to treatment within one week, whereas, 88% of grade III responded in one week, 81% of grade IV responded in 1st week. It was noted that up to 10% of grade II, 26% of grade III and 38% of grade IV had complications
Conclusion: It is concluded that majority of the patients present with multiple symptoms, however, carefully categorized and subsequently managed patients has good outcome and minimum complications. All surgeons should tailor the treatment of haemorrhoids based on understanding of the indication and complications associated with the procedure