An Anatomical Consideration on Acupuncture to the Superior Cervical Ganglia / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The positional relation of the superior cervical ganglion with different anatomical structures were investigated, using cadavers, in order to devise the methods of acupuncture to the superior cervical ganglion. Furthermore, the anatomical structures penetrated by a needle which was inserted with the methods of acupuncture thus devised were investigated using another group of cadavers. The results obtained are as follows.<br>1) The superior cervical ganglion was located just above the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and medial to the angle of the mandible. The height of location of the ganglion was 30mm below the mastoid process, 21mm below the transverse process of the atlas, and 40mm above the lateral edge of the body of the hyoid bone.<br>2) From the above positional relation, we devised the method of acupuncture in which a needle was horizontally inserted from the lateral surface of the neck to the front of the transverse process of the cervical vertebra at the height 30mm below the mastoid process. We named this method the lateral acupuncture.<br>3) When considering on the basis of the lateral edge of the body of the hyoid bone, the superior cervical ganglion was located at the angles 15° lateral and 45° above.<br>4) From the above angles, we devised the method of acupuncture in which a needle was inserted from the lateral edge of the body of the hyoid bone at the angles of 45° above and 15° lateral. We named this method the anterior acupuncture.<br>5) The inserted needle of the lateral acupuncture reached the superior cervical ganglion at high frequency, it, however, had high possibility of penetrating the external and internal carotid arteries and the internal jugular vein.<br>6) The inserted needle of the anterior acupuncture reached the ganglion at slightly lower frequency, it, however, had lower possibility of penetrating the large vessels.

An Anatomical Study of the Projection Region of the Dome of the Pleura to the surface of the Anterior Neck. (Part II). Geographical Relationship with the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle, Clavicle, and Acupuncture Points of the Lower Anterior Neck / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

Twenty-six domes of the pleura of thirteen cadavers were investigated. The summits of all domes protruded above the clavicle. Mediolateral positions of the summits were located between the lateral edge of the origin of the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (CL3) and the lateral edge of the origin of its clavicular head (CL5), and their craniocaudal positions were located between the Point “Suitotsu” (S₁₀) and the medial edge of the origin of the clavicular head (CL4). The lateral edges of the domes did not reach the level of the clavicle. Their mediolateral positions were located between CL4 and the Point “Ketsubon” (S₁₂), and their craniocaudal positions were located between CL5 and the sternal extremity of the clavicle (CL2). The medial edges of the domes were both mediolaterally and craniocaudally located between CL2 and the suprasternal point. Projection regions of the domes of the pleura to the surface of the anterior neck were included, in all cases, within the quadrate region connecting the following four points: the Point “Suitotsu” (S₁₀), a point of intersection between the median line and a line drawn vertically from the Point “Suitotsu” (S₁₀) toward the median line, the suprasternal point, and a point on the clavicle corresponding to the medial one-third of the half shoulder width.

Anatomical study of the projection region of the dome of the pleura to the surface of the anterior neck / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The projection region of the dome of the pleura to the surface of the anterior neck was investigated in 31 domes of 17 cadavers. The point “Tentotsu”, and a line connecting that point and the most lateral edge of the acromion were adopted for a basis of measurement of the projection region. The mean length of the Tentotsu-Acromion line was 185mm on either side of the body. Its upward angle to the horizontal plane was 22° and 23° in average on the right and left sides, respectively, while its backward angle to the frontal plane was 23° on the right and 25° on the left. The right pleural domes (17 cases) were included within a range 0-58mm lateral to the Tentotsu and lower than 44mm above, and on the left side (14 cases), these values were 5-58mm and 49mm, respectively. On the other hand, when adopting the Tentotsu-Acromion line as the basis, the pleural domes were located within the medial one-third of the line. Their summits lay on the point of its medial one-fourth in medio-lateral direction, and were situated at levels lower than about 35 (on the right) or 32mm (on the left) above the line.

Anatomical consideration to an acupuncture near the middle cervical or the vertebral ganglia / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The incidences of the middle cervical and the vertebral ganglia and their sizes were investigated bilaterally during dissection of 18 cadavers. Furthermore, the positional relations of each ganglion to the vertebral column, the point Tentotsu, the anterior tubercle of the sixth cervical (C₆) vertebra, and the cricoid cartilage were investigated along with the relations of the anterior tubercle of the C₆ vertebra to the point Tentotsu and the cricoid cartilage. The middle cervical ganglion was 14, 4 and 2mm in average length, width and thickness, respectively, on the right, and on the left these values were 14, 5 and 2mm. The ganglion was found in about half the cases, and it was located at about the level of the cricoid cartilage and close laterally and above to the anterior tubercle of the C₆ vertebra. In the cases lacking the middle cervical ganglion, the sympathetic trunk passed immediately medial to the tubercle. The vertebral ganglion was found in almost all cases, with its mean size 8, 5 and 3mm on the right and 9, 5 and 2mm on the left in lenght, width and thickness, respectively. The ganglion was included in many cases within a range 15 to 30mm lateral and 20 (the left) or 25 (the right) to 45mm above the point Tentotsu, and it lay at the level of the C₇ vertebra. The anterior tubercle of the C₆ vertebra was within a range 20 to 30mm lateral to that point, and in the upper to lower direction, it lay at the level slightly upper than the cricoid cartilage in the male and at about the level of the cartilage in the female.