RESUMO
Anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS), a self-immobilized aggregate containing various functional microorganisms, is considered as a promising green process for wastewater treatment. AnGS has the advantages of high volume loading rate, simple process and low excess sludge generation, thus shows great technological and economical potentials. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances of the microbial community structure and function of anaerobic granular sludge, and discusses the factors affecting the formation and stability of anaerobic granular sludge from the perspective of microbiology. Moreover, future research directions of AnGS are prospected. This review is expected to facilitate the research and engineering application of AnGS.
Assuntos
Esgotos/química , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos , Anaerobiose , Microbiota , Purificação da Água , Reatores Biológicos/microbiologiaRESUMO
Objective To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on cardiac fibrosis and on the expression of NF-?B and TNF-? in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups.In control group(n=20) the rats were fed with normal food and gavaged with normal saline.In diabetes group(n=20) the rats with type 2 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of low doses of streptozotocin(STZ),and the rats were fed with high fat diet.In atorvastatin group(n=20) diabetes was reproduced in rats and atorvastatin 20mg/(kg?d) was gavaged for 12 weeks.The pathological changes in myocardial cells were observed under light microscope.Collagen content was observed by Masson staining.The contents of TNF? were determined in plasma and cardiac tissue with RIA.RT-PCR was used to study the gene expression of NF-?B and TNF-?.The proteins of NF-?B p65 and TNF-? were assayed by immunohistochemical method.Results It was showed under light microscope that cardiac myocytes were compact and orderly with clear structure in control group.The cardiac myocytes were disorderly,distorted,with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the interstitium in diabetes group.The cardiac myocytes were orderly arranged,and the structure was close to normality in atorvastatin group.TNF-? in diabetic rats increased significantly in plasma and myocardium(P