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Primary ureteral plasmacytoid carcinomas is a rare tumor with high grade and poor diagnosis. Pathological and immunohistochemical staining play an extremely key role in diagnosis since there is no specific clinical and radiological evidence. The surgical removement is the first line treatment. Herein, we report a case of ureteral plasmacytoid carcinoma that was well controlled with multimodal therapy.
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Primary ureteral plasmacytoid carcinomas is a rare tumor with high grade and poor diagnosis.Pathological and immunohistochemical staining play an extremely key role in diagnosis since there is no specific clinical and radiological evidence.The surgical removement is the first line treatment.Herein,we report a case of ureteral plasmacytoid carcinoma that was well controlled with multimodal therapy.
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Objective To evaluate the risk factors of postoperative upgrade to pT3a of cT1 renal cell carcinoma,and to establish a nomogram prediction model to improve the ability of predicting locally advanced renal cell carcinoma and provide a reference for clinical surgical decision-making.Methods Clinical data of 1 376 patients with cT1 (diameter ≤ 7 cm) renal tumor hospitalized for surgery from January 2010 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 979 males and 397 females,with the mean age of (57.65 ± 10.92) years.The mean body mass index (BMI) was (25.47 ± 3.27) kg/m2 and the average tumor size was (4.02 ±1.52) cm.There were 711 tumors on the left and 665 on the right.There were 363 cases with clinical symptoms,567 patients with smoking history,732 cases with history of chronic disease.There were 289 cases with tumor necrosis,636 cases with tumor protrusion,822 cases with irregular tumor,and 738 cases with renal sinus compression.Partial nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy were performed in 396 cases and 980 cases respectively.Mann-whitney U test and chi-square test were used for univariate analysis,logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis to analyze the predictors of upgrading,R software was used to construct the nomogram predictive model,C-index was used to evaluate the model discrimination,and calibration curve method was used to evaluate the consistency of the model.Results Postoperative pathology of total 1 376 cases showed that there were 1 195 cases of clear cell carcinoma of kidney,48 cases of papillary cell carcinoma,57 cases of chromophobe cell carcinoma,and 76 cases of other types.Among the 1 376 patients with cT1 renal tumor,75 patients were upgraded to pT3a,accounting for 5.5％ of all patients.Univariate analysis showed that the patients who upgraded to pT3a were older [(63.08 ± 10.17) years old and (57.34 ± 10.88) years old],and the tumor length and diameter were larger [(5.24 ± 1.35) cm and (3.95 ± 1.51) cm].Patients with clinical symptoms [46.7％ (35/75) vs.25.2％ (328/1 301)],patients with CT indication of tumor necrosis [40.0％ (30/25 975) vs.19.9％ (259/1 301)],patients with irregular tumor contour [73.3％ (55/76 775) vs.59.0％ (767/1 301)],and patients with radical nephrectomy were higher [(92.1％ (70/91 075) vs.70％ (910/ 1 301)].All the differences were statistically significant (P ＜0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that the independent predictors of upgrading were age (OR =1.046,P ＜0.001),larger tumor (OR =1.504,P ＜0.001),clinically symptom (OR =2.153,P =0.004),irregular tumor profile (OR =2.466,P =0.002),and tumor necrosis on CT (OR =2.588,P ＜ 0.001).The C-index was 0.808,the calibration curve of forecasting curve with the standard curve fit was good,and the prediction of renal cancer are better in predict consistency.Conclusions Based on the five preoperative predictors,including age,tumor size,clinical presence or absence of symptoms,tumor profile,and whether or not the tumor necrosis indicated by CT,this study developed a nomogram of cT1 renal cancer upgrade to pT3a.This nomogram has a good statistical significance,and this model can provide prognosis consultation for patients and provide reference for doctors to make decisions before treatment.
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Objective@#To evaluate the risk factors of postoperative upgrade to pT3a of cT1 renal cell carcinoma, and to establish a nomogram prediction model to improve the ability of predicting locally advanced renal cell carcinoma and provide a reference for clinical surgical decision-making.@*Methods@#Clinical data of 1 376 patients with cT1 (diameter ≤ 7 cm) renal tumor hospitalized for surgery from January 2010 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 979 males and 397 females, with the mean age of (57.65±10.92) years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was (25.47±3.27) kg/m2 and the average tumor size was (4.02±1.52) cm. There were 711 tumors on the left and 665 on the right. There were 363 cases with clinical symptoms, 567 patients with smoking history , 732 cases with history of chronic disease. There were 289 cases with tumor necrosis, 636 cases with tumor protrusion, 822 cases with irregular tumor , and 738 cases with renal sinus compression. Partial nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy were performed in 396 cases and 980 cases respectively. Mann-whitney U test and chi-square test were used for univariate analysis, logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis to analyze the predictors of upgrading, R software was used to construct the nomogram predictive model, C-index was used to evaluate the model discrimination, and calibration curve method was used to evaluate the consistency of the model.@*Results@#Postoperative pathology of total 1 376 cases showed that there were 1 195 cases of clear cell carcinoma of kidney, 48 cases of papillary cell carcinoma, 57 cases of chromophobe cell carcinoma, and 76 cases of other types. Among the 1 376 patients with cT1 renal tumor, 75 patients were upgraded to pT3a, accounting for 5.5% of all patients. Univariate analysis showed that the patients who upgraded to pT3a were older [(63.08±10.17) years old and (57.34±10.88) years old], and the tumor length and diameter were larger [(5.24±1.35) cm and (3.95±1.51) cm]. Patients with clinical symptoms [46.7% (35/75) vs. 25.2%(328/1 301)], patients with CT indication of tumor necrosis [40.0%(30/25 975) vs. 19.9% (259/1 301)], patients with irregular tumor contour [73.3%(55/76 775) vs. 59.0%(767/1 301)], and patients with radical nephrectomy were higher [(92.1% (70/91 075) vs. 70%(910/1 301)]. All the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that the independent predictors of upgrading were age (OR=1.046, P<0.001), larger tumor (OR=1.504, P<0.001), clinically symptom (OR=2.153, P=0.004), irregular tumor profile (OR=2.466, P=0.002), and tumor necrosis on CT (OR=2.588, P<0.001). The C-index was 0.808, the calibration curve of forecasting curve with the standard curve fit was good, and the prediction of renal cancer are better in predict consistency.@*Conclusions@#Based on the five preoperative predictors, including age, tumor size, clinical presence or absence of symptoms, tumor profile, and whether or not the tumor necrosis indicated by CT, this study developed a nomogram of cT1 renal cancer upgrade to pT3a. This nomogram has a good statistical significance, and this model can provide prognosis consultation for patients and provide reference for doctors to make decisions before treatment.
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Objective To discuss the indication for kidney-sparing surgery (KSS) on primary urothelial carcinoma of the distal ureter.MethodsClinical data of 108 patients with primary urothelial carcinoma of the distal ureter in our hospital from 2001 to 2009 were analyzed retrospectively.There were 75 males and 33 females with mean age of 62 ( range from 42 to 85 ) years old in this study.The patients were divided into KSS group and RNU group according to the operation methods.The recurrence rate of radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and KSS were evaluated.Results The recurrence was seen none with T,stage,1 (12.5％) with T1 stage,4 (36.4％) with T2 stage and 4 (80％) with T3 stage in KSS group.In RNU group,there was none with Ta stage,4 ( 15.4％ ) with T1 stage,10 (33.3％) with T2 stage and 7 (36.8％) with T3 stage recurred.There was no difference between patients with Ta to T2 stages in KSS and RNU group (P ＞0.05 ) on recurrence,but there was a significant difference between patients with T3 stage (P＜0.05).There was 1 (33.3％) case with G1 grade,3 (18.8％) with G2 grade and 5 (62.5％) with G3 grade recurred in KSS group,while 2 (22.2％) cases with G1 grade,9 (20％) with G2 grade and 10 (37.0％) with G3 grade recurred in RNU group.There was no difference between patients with G1 to G2 grades in KSS and RNU group (P＞0.05),but there was a significant difference between patients with G3 stage in the two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion KSS seems to be safe for patients with low stage and low grade primary urothelial carcinoma of the distal ureter.
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ObjectiveTo examine the effects of temsirolimus, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin, on bladder cancer cell lines T24 and BIU-87 in vitro and in vivo for purpose of evaluating the probability of mTOR targeted therapy for bladder cancer.MethodsAfter being treated by a different concentration of temsirolimus, T24 and BIU-87 cells were tested by MTT assay for cell proliferation activity.Cell cycle and apoptosis analysis were performed with flow cytometer. Wound scratch assay was used for cell migration activity and transwell motility assay. Western blot analysis was used to test the mTOR phosphorylation. Subcutaneous inoculation of 6-week-old nude mice was performed using 1 × 106 T24 cells in 50％ matrigel for both control (n = 10) and temsirolimus (n = 10) groups. The volume of tumors was examined and then the expression of Ki-67 was detected by immunohistochemistry.ResultsTemsirolimus significantly inhibited proliferation of T24 and BIU-87 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After administration of temsirolimus on T24 and BIU-87 cell lines for 24 h, the rate of wound healing in 0 nmol/L groups were (88.9 ± 14. 1 ) ％ and ( 83.6 ± 16.3)％ , which were higher than in the 5 nmol/L groups, which were (42.7 ± 11.6) ％ and ( 36.9 ± 9.7 ) ％ ( P ＜ 0.05 ). In the transwell motility assay, the number of cells in the 0 nmol/L group was 26.5 ± 5.8 and 28.2 ± 4.6, which was higher than in the 5 nmol/L group ( 19.0 ±3. 8 and 21.3 ± 5.1, respectively) (P ＜ 0. 05). When temsirolimus was administered on T24 and BIU-87 cell lines for 48 h the percentages of cells delayed in phase G0/G1 in 5 nmol/L group were ( 77.46 ±6.11)％ and (73. 39 ± 4. 94)％ respectively, and higher than in the 0 nmol/L group, which were (65.99 ±5.01 )％ 、(60.15 ±3.98)％ (P ＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the apoptosis rate between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). In Western blot analysis, the ratios of p-mTOR/β-actin were 0.92 ±0.09 and 1.01 ± 0.08 in 0 nmol/L group, and higher than in the 5 nmol/L group (0.47 ±0.05、0.04 ±0. 01 ) (P ＜ 0.05 ). After administration of temsirolimus for 21 days, the tumor volume in nude mice in the control group were 351.1 ± 139.9 mm3 , which was larger than 351.1 ± 139.9 mm3 in the temsirolimus group ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The positive rate of Ki-67 expression was ( 67.3 ± 8.4 ) ％ in the control group, which was higher than in the temsirolimus group ( 35.5 ± 6.7 ) ％ ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsThis study provides in vitro and in vivo evidence that temsirolimus may inhibit the viability of bladder cancer cells and temsirolimus could be exploited as a potential therapeutic strategy in bladder cancer.