New paradigms of immune regulation in glaucoma during the whole clinical process / 中华实验眼科杂志

Glaucoma is an irreversible blinding eye disease caused by the structural and functional damage of optic nerve induced by pathological increase of intraocular pressure (IOP), characterized by multiple causes and strong heterogeneity.The control of IOP to reduce the risk of optic damage has been the main therapeutic strategy of glaucoma for many years.However, in clinical experience, some patients show progress of optic nerve damage despite the effectively controlled IOP, the mechanism of non-IOP-dependent secondary damage is still an urgent problem to be solved and a research hotspot in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.With the continuous innovation of molecular biological technology, breakthroughs have been made in the field of basic research.Partial visual recovery can be boosted by alleviating local immune and inflammatory responses.Due to a lack of symbolic clinical application results, it has become an immediate priority to attach importance to the combination of basic clinical research and facilitate the transformation of results.Starting from the theory of glaucoma-immune inflammation, understanding the importance of the immune homeostasis of eyes, paying close attention to the linkage of eyes and brain in physiopathological process and the progression of diseases in the whole visual pathway, and fully understanding and effectively making good use of the opportunities and implications brought by new techniques will have significant effect in formulating clinical diagnosis and treatment plans.

Current status and directions of vision rehabilitation in glaucoma / 中华实验眼科杂志

Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment in the world, leads to visual function damage that seriously affects the daily life activities and psychosocial function of patients, resulting in a significant decline in the quality of life.The life quality of patients can be efficiently improved through vision rehabilitation based on the residual visual function, but there is not enough attention paid to the visual impairment and vision rehabilitation of glaucoma.From a perspective of the epidemiological status of visual impairment in glaucoma at home and abroad, the universality and severity of the glaucomatous visual impairment was revealed.The characteristics of visual changes and corresponding rehabilitation needs of patients, the current situation of rehabilitation service supply, new devices that can expand visual field and the latest proven effective rehabilitation methods in light of the recent development of these fields were reviewed in order to provide certain inspiration and reference for the research of vision rehabilitation of glaucoma.

Specialized proresolving lipid mediators and eye diseases / 中华实验眼科杂志

Novel endogenous lipid-mediated molecules including lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresin families are discovered recently and are collectively called specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs). SPMs have the potential to promote the resolution of inflammation, the elimination of pathogen, and the restoration of homeostasis.Meanwhile, SPMs also have the function of apoptosis inhibition, wound healing, and neuroprotection.SPMs play an important role in the treatment of many eye diseases, such as corneal inflammatory diseases, dry eye, uveitis, retinal and choroidal neovascularization diseases, etc.In this article, the mechanisms involving the role of SPMs in the occurrence and progress of eye diseases were reviewed to provide a general new basis for the future development of new ophthalmic drugs.

Validation of glaucoma-like features in the rat episcleral vein cauterization model / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Glaucoma, an irreversible optic nerve neuropathy, always results in blindness. This study aimed to evaluate glaucoma-like features in the rat episcleral vein cauterization (EVC) model by multiple in vivo and in vitro evidences.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Wistar rat was used in this study. The elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) was induced by cauterization of three episcleral veins. IOP was monitored with Tono-Pen XL tonometer. Time-dependent changes to the neuronal retinal layers were quantified by Fourier domain-optical coherence tomography. The function of retina was evaluated by electroretinogram (ERG). Survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was quantified by retrograde labeling. Histology study was performed with retinal sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neuronal nuclear antigen. Retina and aqueous humor protein were extracted and cytotoxic protein tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and alpha-2 macroglobulin (α2m) were measured with Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EVC is a relatively facile intervention, with low failure rates (<5%). After surgical intervention, chronic mild IOP elevation (about 1.6-fold over normal, P < 0.05) was induced for at least 6 weeks without requiring a second intervention. High IOP causes chronic and progressive loss of RGCs (averaging about 4% per week), progressive thinning of neuronal retinal layers (3-5 μm per week), and reduction of a- and b-wave in ERG. EVC method can also induce glial cell activation and alterations of inflammation proteins, such as TNF-α and α2m.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EVC method can establish a robust, reliable, economic and highly reproducible glaucomatous animal model.</p>

Modified trabeculectomy in primary acute angle-closure with high intraocular pressure and extremely dilated pupil / 中华显微外科杂志

ObjectiveTo determined the outcome of modified trabeculecotomy (with paracentesis,mitomycin C,scleral flap adjustable suture and formation of anterior chamber at the end of the surgery)in the management of primary acute angle-closure (PAAC) with high intraocular pressure (IOP) and extremely dilated pupil. MethodsTwenty-one eyes of 21 successive cases with PAAC with high lOP(IOP ＞ 30mmHg) and large pupil (maximum vertical diameter ＞ 5 mm) were evaluated prospectively. They underwent modified trabeculecotomy between January 2005 and March 2009.The operative success was defined as IOP ≤ 20 mmHg (± medical therapy) without the necessity of further surgery for glaucoma. ResultsSuccess was achieved in all of the eyes(100％)at the postoperative first week.The mean preoperative IOP was (48.25 ± 3.14) mmHg under a mean number of 3.35 antiglaucomotous medications, but it reduced to (10.47 ± 1.15,P ＜ 0.01) mmHg without medication at the first week, (13.86 ± 0.93,P ＜ 0.01) mmHg at postoperative 3rd month respectively.Only 1 eye needed 1 kind of antiglaucomotous eye drop from the 2nd month postoperatively. The mean vertical diameter of pupils was (5.81±0.23) mm preoperatively, (5.92 ±0.21 ) mm at the first week(P ＞ 0.05). No case received section iridectomy. No serious complication was observed.ConclusionsModified trabeculectomy provides reduction of IOP and protection of pupil in cases with PAAC with high IOP and large pupil,and the procedures such as releasing aqueous humor gradually,appliance of scleral flap adjustable sutures and formation of anterior chamber at the end of the surgery can effectively reduce the risk of serious complications.

Investigation and Intervention of Vision-related Quality of Life in Patients with Glaucoma / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the vision-related quality of life （VRQL） in patients with glaucoma and to explore the intervention. Methods 260 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) were investigated with questionnaire of VRQL and self-evaluation before and after health education. 100 health adults with similar age and vision was selected as controls. Results There were significant decrease on VRQL and self-evaluation in patients with glaucoma. Systematic health education can significantly improve their VRQL and self-evaluation. Conclusion The in patients with Glaucoma may result in decrease of VRQL， and systemic health education can improve the quality of life.

Study on the toxicity and transfection efficiency of PEI/MYOC gene complexes in vivo / 眼科

Objective To investigate the toxicity and transfection efficiency of PEI-mediated plasmid DNA encoding myocilin (MYOC) gene transfected into trabecular meshwork.Design Experimental study.Participants SD rats.Methods PEI and plasmid encoding MYOC gene complex was prepared and 20?l PEI/DNA complex was directly injected into anterior chamber of SD rat by microinjection. The eyes were extracted at day 1,3,7,and 14 after injection for the structure analysis of trabecular meshwork by HE staining and transmission electron microscope.Expression of the transferred myocilin gene was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Main Outcome Measures HE staining,immunohistochemistry and electron microscope.Results No significant toxicity or inflammation was detected under the HE staining and electron microscope.PEI/DNA complex were seen in cytoplasm of trabecular meshwork cells. The fluorescence intensity of myocilin expression in the trabecular meshwork cells was increasing with time and peaked on clays 3 and declined afterward.Conclusion Plasmid DNA mediated by PEI could be efficiently transfected into trabecular meshwork cells by directly injecting into anterior chamber without any toxicity.

Detection of the expression of p53 gene on retinal ganglion cells of rabbit eyes with intraocular hypertension / 中华实验眼科杂志

ObjectiveTo detect the expression on p53 gene in retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) of rabbit eyes with different degrees of intraocular hypertension.MethodsIntraocular pressure(IOP)was elevated by intracameral injection of 0.10～0.15 ml of 2% methylcellulose.Animals were grouped up by different values of IOP.The rabbit eyes were enucleated,fixed,paraffin-embedded and cut into serial 6- μm thin sections.For histological evaluation,the slides were stained with DAB chromogen(conducting an immuohistochemical experiment),and were examined by light microscopic and automatic image analysis.ResultsThe number of RGCs with a positive reaction for p53 monoclonal antibody was statistically higher in the experimental eyes than in their control fellow eyes(P<0.01),and apoptosis was mainly found in the early stage of research.ConclusionOur research presents a new alternative view of apoptosis in experimental glaucoma(According to former reports,apoptosis was mainly found in the advanced stage of the patients with POAG)

The Effect of Dexamethasone on Expression of Aquaporin-1 in Cultured Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of dexamethasone (Dex) on expression of aquaporin-1(AQP1) in cultured human trabecular meshwork(HTM) cells METHODS:Reverse transcription combined with polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of AQP1 in cultured HTM cells and those treated by Dex RESULTS:The mRNA of AQP1 expressed in normal HTM cells was 1 643?0 354,while 1 577?0 405,1 117?0 443,0 458?0 301,0 267?0 243 in those treated with Dex for 3 days in concentrations of 10-8mol,5?10-8 mol,10-7 mol,5?10-7mol As the concentrations of Dex increased to≥5?10-8mol,the expression of AQP1 was inhibited(P

Clinical study on the effect of phacoemulsification with foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in the management of angle-closure glaucoma / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To examine the clinical effect of phacoemulsification with foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation (PC-IOL) in management of angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) with cataract. Methods Phacoemulsification with foldable PC-IOL implantation was performed in 31 eyes with ACG. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anteior chamber angle width were measured and recorded preoperatively, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Results The mean IOP decreased significantly after surgery (P

A prelimary report of non-penetrating trabecular surgery for patients with primary open-angle glaucoma / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of non-penetrating trabecular surgery (NPIS) without subscleral implantation in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) Methods Twenty eyes of 16 patients with POAG were underwent NPTS The procedure involved excising a deep-scler- sclera tissue that flush with innerwall of Schlemm's canal without opening the anterior chamber. The postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), inflammation and filtering bleb were analysised. All of patients were undertaken ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM ) to evaluate the surgery site on postoperative 2 weeks and 3 months. Mean follow-up was (4. Z? 2. 4) months. Results The IOP decreased from preoperative average value of (3.78? 1. 11 ) kPa, to postoperative average value of (2. 08? 0. 51 ) kPa (P