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ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the impact of sildenafil citrate, vitamin A (Vit A), vitamin C (Vit C) and vitamin E (Vit E) on wound healing in a rat model of diabetes (n = 100). Methods: Diabetes was induced in the rats by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of alloxan. After anaesthesia, a standard wound was created on the back of each rat using a 10-mm sterile punch. The rats were randomly divided into 10 groups (n = 10 in each), as follows: normal saline, glibenclamide, insulin, sildenafil, Vit A, Vit C, Vit E, Vit A + sildenafil, Vit C + sildenafil, Vit E + sildenafil daily for 15 days. The rats were sacrificed after being anaesthetized 3, 7 and 15 days later. Wounded skin tissue samples were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: On the 7th day, epithelial regeneration was completed in groups 8 and 9. Angiogenesis was insufficient in group 2. In terms of connective tissue proliferation, partially matured connective tissue was observed in group 4. On the 15th day of the study, groups 8, 9 and 10 had mature connective tissue. However, group 1 still had exudate-containing neutrophils. Immunohistochemically, on the 3rd day, the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) reactivity was intense in macrophages and neutrophils surrounding the wound edges in groups 4, 8, 9 and 10. The level of iNOS reactivity was moderate in group 6 and less distinct in groups 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7. Conclusion: Sildenafil citrate, together with Vit A and Vit C, is beneficial in wound healing of diabetic rats.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: Aflatoxicosis is a mycotoxicosis infection with an acute or chronic course that forms due to aflatoxins (AFs) in humans and animals. Aflatoxins primarily affect the liver and can lead to histopathological necrosis, fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis of the organ. This paper studied the preventive effects of dead nettle leaf (Urtica dioica leaf; UDL) extract on liver lesions that were induced by experimental aflatoxicosis in rats. Methods: A total of 30 rats were separated into three groups of 10 rats each. Experimental group A (control) received normal rat food, experimental group B (AFB1) received 2 mg/kg of AF, and experimental group C (AFB1 + UDL extract) received 2 mg/kg of AF + 2 ml/rat/day of UDL extract. After three months of experimentation, blood and tissue samples were taken from the rats by necropsy to perform chemical and histopathological analyses. Results: According to the biochemical and histopathological findings, antioxidant system activity increased and lipid peroxidation and liver enzyme levels decreased in the group that received UDL extract. Conclusion: The extract of UDL had hepatoprotective effects against aflatoxicosis.
RESUMEN Objetivo: La aflatoxicosis es una infección por micotoxicosis con un curso agudo o crónico producido por aflatoxinas (AF) en seres humanos y animales. Las aflatoxinas afectan principalmente el hígado y pueden conducir a necrosis histopatológica, fibrosis o hepatocarcinogénesis del órgano. En este trabajo se estudiaron los efectos preventivos del extracto de la hoja de ortiga mayor (Urtica dioica l; UDL) sobre las lesiones hepáticas inducidas por aflatoxicosis experimental en ratas. Métodos: Un total de 30 ratas se separaron en tres grupos de 10 ratas cada una. EL grupo experimental A (control) recibió comida normal de ratas; el grupo experimental B (AFB1) recibió 2 mg/kg de AF; y el grupo experimental C (AFB1 + extracto de UDL) recibió 2 mg/kg de AF + 2 ml/rata/día de extracto de UDL. Después de tres meses de experimentación, se tomaron muestras de sangre y tejidos de las ratas en una necropsia encaminada a realizar análisis químicos e histopatológicos. Resultados: Según los hallazgos bioquímicos e histopatológicos, la actividad del sistema antioxidante aumentó, y la peroxidación del lípido y los niveles de la enzima del hígado disminuyeron en el grupo que recibió el extracto de UDL. Conclusión: El extracto de UDL tuvo efectos hepatoprotectores contra la aflatoxicosis.