Inattention in Bipolar and Unipolar Depression: Event-Related Potentials Associated with Performing a GoNogo Task / 우울ㆍ조울병

Background@#This study aimed to examine the changes in Nogo N2 and P3 amplitudes in patients with bipolar affective disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) and in healthy controls (HCs). The association between attention and Nogo N2 and P3 changes was also investigated. @*Methods@#The study included 30 participants with BD, 30 participants with MDD, and 30 HCs aged 19-60 years. They performed a GoNogo task while their electroencephalograms were recorded. Beck Depression Inventory and StateTrait Anxiety Inventory were used for evaluation. Furthermore, behavioral measures and GoNogo N2 and P3 amplitudes were compared between the three groups. @*Results@#Patients with BD or MDD exhibited a significantly poorer performance in Nogo accuracy than the HCs. Patients with BD or MDD showed significantly lower Nogo N2 amplitudes at the frontal, fronto-central, and central electrodes than the HCs. In patients with BD or MDD, the Nogo N2 amplitudes at the frontal or fronto-central electrode were positively correlated with state of anxiety scores and inattention. @*Conclusion@#These findings suggest that decreased Nogo N2 amplitudes in the frontal or fronto-central areas could be a biological marker for inattention during depressive episodes associated with BD or MDD.

Factors Influencing the Health Examination in Unmarried Women

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate factors that influence health examination for unmarried women. METHODS: A correlation study was carried out with 144 unmarried women with an age range of 35~49 years through self-administered questionnaires. This questionnaire included Health Belief Model modifying factors (demographic . sociological, structural, and cues to action variables). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi2-test, multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 37.2+/-2.67 years. Rates for breast cancer, cervical cancer and comprehensive health examination were each 34.7%, 38.2% and 94%. In multiple logistic regression analysis, influencing factors on physical examination were age(OR=0.06, 95% CI: 0.02~0.26), personal medical insurance (OR=6.30, 95% CI: 1.60~24.82), housemate (OR=7.63, 95% CI: 2.58~22.52), exercise (OR=3.72, 95% CI: 1.37~10.12) in breast cancer examination, and age (OR=0.08, 95% CI: 0.02~0.34; OR=0.07, 95% CI: 0.01~0.85), personal medical insurance (OR=14.17, 95% CI: 2.94~68.23), sexual experiences (OR=3.38, 95% CI: 1.28~8.91), drinking (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.14~7.49) in cervical cancer examination. CONCLUSION: The results emphasize the necessity of preparing nursing education and intervention in consideration of associated factors which influence on the health examination in unmarried women.