Distribution of HDL Cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol in Healthy Normal Korean Adults

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to estabilish serum LDL cholesterol(LDL-C) and HDL cholestrol(HDL-C) levels in the Korean adult population and to identify the difference in sex, age, and living place and the incidence of high risk group and the affecting factors on the serum lipid levels. METHODS: The serum LDL-C and HDL-C distribution in the normal Korean abult population were studied in 5,278 cases(males 2,802 and females 2,476) in the age groups of 3rd to 8th decade. Data were collected from 33 institutes and hospitals throughout the country during the period of June 1989 to December 1990. The serum Lipid levels were examined in the state of fasting of at least 12 hours. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured by enzymatic assays and HDL-C levels were determined by precipitation methods. The level of LDL-C was determined indirectly using the formula by Friedwald [LDL-C=total cholesterol-(HDL-C+triglyceride/5)]. RESULTS: The mean level of LDL-C was 112.1mg/dl. Males had 110.0mg/dl and females had 114.5mg/dl without statistical significance between gender, but levels were significantly higher in the 4th decade in males and in the 6th, 7th and 8th decade in females. The LDL-C levels rose gradually with the increase of age. The peak level of LDL-C for the males was in the 7th decade and that for the females was in the 8th decade. The mean level of serum HDL-C was 45.1mg/dl. Males had 43.8mg/dl and females had 46.6mg/dl without statistical significance between gender, but levels were significantly higher in the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th decade in females. The incidence LDL-C level of > or = 160mg/dl was 10.0%. Males had 8.2% and females had 12.1% with significantly higher incidence in females, especially in 6th decade females. The incidence of LDL-C level of > or = 160mg/dl of big cities was 10.7% and that of smaller cities & towns was 8.8% with significantly higher incidence in big cities. But, there was no significant difference in gender between big cities and smaller cities & towns. The incidence of LDL-C level of > or = 160mg/dl was significantly higher in 7th decade males in big cities and that of big cities and smaller cities and smaller cities & towns was 15.9% and 5.2%, respectively. The incidence of HDL-C level of <35mg/dl was 17.4% Males had 20.0% and females had 14.5% with significantly higher incidence in males, especially in 4th decade males. The incidence of HDL-C level of <35mg/dl of smaller cities & towns was 19.8% and that of big cities was 16.2% with significantly higher incidence in smaller cities & towms. Males in smaller cities & towns had 23.1% and males in big cities had 18.1% with statistical higher in smaller cities & towns. But, there was no significant difference in females between big cities and smaller cities & towns. The incidence of HDL-C level of <35mg/dl was significantly higher in 4th and 6th decade males in smaller cities & towns and that of smaller cities & towns and big cities was 26.8%, 25.6% and 16.2%, 17.7%, repectively. The significantly positively related factors for serum LDL-C level were age, BMI, systolic blood pressure(SBP), location and occupation. And those for serum HDL-C level were SBP and family history and negatively related factor for HDL-C level were BMI, smoking, and exercise. CONCLUSION: This study can provide the basic date base for prevention and management of coronary heart disease among Korean population.

Clinical Evaluation on Serial Changes of Serum Immunoglobulin E in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Serial changes of serum IgE, IgG, eosinophils were observed in 25 patients with acute myocaridial infarction and 20 ischemic heart disease without evidence of acute myocardial infarction and evaluated in terms of several parameters and its clinical significance. The results observed were as follows : 1) Serum IgE levels were propgressively elevated from the first hospital day(259+/-3IU/ml) up to peak level of the fifth hospital day(415+/-2IU/ml) and progressively lowered and returned to almost same level as the first hospital day on the twenty first hospital day. On the other hand control group showed significantly lower IgE levels throughout all hospital day and also did not showed serial change. 2) In the patient group with the initial serum IgE level above 200IU/m; showed significantly lower level of serum SGOT, CPK level than the group of below 200IU/ml group. This suggests the initial serum IgE level might have some correlation of the extent of myocardial necrosis. 3) In patients of acute myocardial infarction, ejection fraction was checked at discharge. Initial serum IgE level above 200IU/ml group showed significantly higher ejection fraction than below 200IU/ml group(59.4+/-13.5% vs 38.4+/-13.7%). 4) Serum IgE was checked concomittantly with serum IgE. It showed slightly decreasing tendency at third hospital day but not statistically significant. Eosinophil changed similar pattern as serum IgE but it was also not statistically significant. In conclusion, serial checking of serum IgE level in patient of acute myocardial infarction may give some help in prediction the clinical course and prognosis.

A Clinical Trial on Antihypertensive Effect of Pindolol(Visken(R))

The antihypertensive effect and side reaction of pindolol were studied in 48 cases of essential hypertension 5mg to 15mg once regiment for average period of 6 weeks. 1) Average reduction of 25.11mmHg in systolic and 16.36mmHg in diastolic pressure were observed and their percentile reduction was 15.20% and 14.79%, respectively. The overall effect rate was 83.21%. The blood pressure was lowered significantly since 1 week of both in systolic and diastolic pressure with the daily of 10-15mg. 2) There was no significant change in heart rate before and after treatment. 3) No specific side reaction was observed except 1 cases in which discontinued the medication because of severe headache and fatigability on 2nd day of medication.

A Clinical Trial on Antihypertensive Effect of Nicardipine Hydrochloride

The antihypertensive effect and side reactions of perdipine was studied in 22 cases of essential hypertension using 20mg 3 times daily regimen for average period of 5 weeks. 1) Average reduction of 20mmHg in systolic and 17mmhg in diastolic pressure was observed and percentile reduction was 11.90% and 14.92%, respectively. The overall effect rate was 81.82%. The blood pressure lowered significantly after 2 weeks of treatment both in systolic and diastolic pressure. 2) There was no significant change in heart rates before and after treatment. 3) No specific side reaction was observed except 1 case in which discontinued the medication because of severe headache and fatigability on the 1st day of medication.