Research progress of signal pathways of microglia activation in sleep disorders / 生理学报

Sleep is an extremely important physiological state to maintain human life. Sleep disorders can not only cause anxiety and depression, but also induce multi-system diseases that seriously affect brain function and physical health. The neuroinflammation is a key pathological process after sleep disorders, which can induce a series of nervous system diseases. In recent years, the role of microglia activation in neuroinflammation has been paid more and more attention and become a research hotspot in this field. The imbalance of the central microenvironment after sleep disorders leads to changes in the activation and polarization of microglia, which triggers neuroinflammatory response. The activation and polarization of microglia in the sleep disorders are regulated by multiple signaling pathways and complex molecular mechanisms. This paper summarizes five signaling pathways of microglia activation in central inflammation induced by sleep disorders, including P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), p38MAPK, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) pathways, in order to provide reference for further research and clinical treatment targets selection of sleep disorders.

Virtual Reality Training for Balance Function for Old Adults: A Meta-analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effects of virtual reality (VR) training on balance function for old adults. Methods:The randomized controlled trials between VR training and routine rehabilitation for balance function for old adults were retrieved from databases of CNKI, Wangfang data, CBM, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, Clinical Science, EMBASE, Science Direct, Medline, Cohrane Library and Google Scholar. The literatures were screened, data were extracted and the risk of bias were assessed, and analysed with RevMan. Results:A total of 20 randomized controlled trials were included. Compared with the routine rehabilitation, VR training promoted recovery in score of Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for all the old adults (WMD = 2.33, 95%CI 0.88 to 3.78), those < 75 years old (WMD = 2.59, 95%CI 0.22 to 4.97) and > 75 years old (WMD = 2.69，95%CI 1.82 to 3.57). VR training also promoted recovery in time of Timed "Up & Go" Test (TUGT) for all the old adults (WMD = 　-0.96, 95%CI -1.65 to -0.28) and those < 75 years old (WMD = -1.06, 95%CI -1.98 to -0.15), but those > 75 years old (WMD = -0.81, 95%CI -1.98 to 0.37). Conclusion:VR training may promote the recovery of balance and walking for old adults.