Progress and prospect of biological treatment for rotator cuff injury repair / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To review the research progress in biotherapy of rotator cuff injury in recent years, in order to provide help for clinical decision-making of rotator cuff injury treatment.@*METHODS@#The literature related to biotherapy of rotator cuff injury at home and abroad in recent years was widely reviewed, and the mechanism and efficacy of biotherapy for rotator cuff injury were summarized from the aspects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), growth factors, stem cells, and exosomes.@*RESULTS@#In order to relieve patients' pain, improve upper limb function, and improve quality of life, the treatment of rotator cuff injury experienced an important change from conservative treatment to open surgery to arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair plus a variety of biotherapy methods have become the mainstream of clinical treatment. All kinds of biotherapy methods have ideal mid- and long-term effectiveness in the repair of rotator cuff injury. The biotherapy method to promote the healing of rotator cuff injury is controversial and needs to be further studied.@*CONCLUSION@#All kinds of biotherapy methods show a good effect on the repair of rotator cuff injury. It will be an important research direction to further develop new biotherapy technology and verify its effectiveness.

Hair Growth Promoting Effects of 650 nm Red Light Stimulation on Human Hair Follicles and Study of Its Mechanisms via RNA Sequencing Transcriptome Analysis

Background@#Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) leads to thinning of scalp hair and affects 60%~70% of the adult population worldwide. Developing more effective treatments and studying its mechanism are of great significance. Previous clinical studies have revealed that hair growth is stimulated by 650-nm red light. @*Objective@#This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of 650-nm red light on the treatment of AGA by using ex vivo hair follicle culture. @*Methods@#Human hair follicles were obtained from hair transplant patients with AGA. Hair follicles were cultured in Williams E medium and treated with or without 650-nm red light.Real-time RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression level of genes and proteins in hair follicles, respectively. RNA-sequencing analysis was carried out to reveal the distinct gene signatures upon 650 nm treatment. @*Results@#Low-level 650 nm red light promoted the proliferation of human hair follicles in the experimental cultured-tissue model. Consistently, 650 nm red light significantly delayed the transition of hair cycle from anagen to catagen in vitro. RNA-seq analysis and gene clustering for the differentially expressed genes suggests that leukocyte transendothelial migration, metabolism, adherens junction and other biological process maybe involved in stimulation of hair follicles by 650-nm red light treatment. @*Conclusion@#The effect of 650-nm red light on ex vivo hair follicles and the transcriptome set which implicates the role of red light in promoting hair growth and reversing of miniaturization process of AGA were identified.

Effects of chronic alcohol exposure on ischemia–reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in mice: the role of β-arrestin 2 and glycogen synthase kinase 3

Little is known about the effects of chronic alcohol intake on the outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI). Hence, we examined the effects of chronic alcohol intake on the development of renal fibrosis following AKI in an animal model of bilateral renal ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. We first found that chronic alcohol exposure exacerbated bilateral IR-induced renal fibrosis and renal function impairment. This phenomenon was associated with increased bilateral IR-induced extracellular matrix deposition and an increased myofibroblast population as well as increased bilateral IR-induced expression of fibrosis-related genes in the kidneys. To explore the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we showed that chronic alcohol exposure enhanced β-arrestin 2 (Arrb2) expression and Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3)β activation in the kidneys. Importantly, pharmacological GSK3 inhibition alleviated bilateral IR-induced renal fibrosis and renal function impairment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Arrb2(−/−) mice exhibited resistance to IR-induced renal fibrosis and renal function impairment following chronic alcohol exposure, and these effects were associated with attenuated GSK3β activation in the kidneys. Taken together, our results suggest that chronic alcohol exposure may potentiate AKI via β-arrestin 2/Akt/GSK3β-mediated signaling in the kidney.

Research advances in prostate cancer stem cells and radiotherapy resistance of castration-resistant prostate cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Prostate cancer tends to progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer within 24 months after castration. For the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer, the biggest challenge is therapeutic resistance which includes radiotherapy resistance. Relevant studies suggest that the radiotherapy resistance of castration-resistant prostate cancer is associated with prostate cancer stem cells and miRNA related to prostate cancer stem cells. This article reviews the research advances in the radiotherapy resistance of castration-resistant prostate cancer in terms of the possible mechanisms of castration-resistant prostate cancer,prostate cancer stem cells,and miRNA related to prostate cancer stem cells.

Application of continuous blood purification in children with severe sepsis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The mechanism of sepsis is complicated,currently the treatment of severe sepsis is still a challenge.When infected,the body would release cytokines and inflammatory mediators,resulting in out of control of inflammatory reaction and disorder of immune system.Furthermore,sepsis and severe sepsis will be developed.The technique of continuous blood purification (CBP)can powerfully clear solute as water,metabolic wastes,toxic substances,cytokines and inflammatory mediators.Now this technique is not only applied in renal disorders,but also widely used in rescue treatment for critically ill patients.Recently,the guide of sepsis recommended CBP as a method of treating severe sepsis.With CBP application in the early stage of children severe sepsis,it can improve function of heart and lung function,renal function,immune function,coagulation function,and etc.CBP is becoming more and more important in the treatment of children severe sepsis.There are some remaining problem to be resolved,and the individaulized treatment for children sepsis is the focus in the future study.

Study on the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats by thymopentin / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of thymopentin(TP-5)for the experimentsl autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)in rats.Metbods The EAE model wss established in wistar rats immunized with fresh guinea pig spinal cord homogenate(GPSCH)and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).Wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups:normal control group,EAE group,dexamethaSone(DXM)group,low dose TP-5 treated group,hish dose TP-5 treated group.The levels of IL-12 and IL-10 in serum of wistar rats were detected by sandwich-ELISA on day 7,14 and 21 post immunization.Resuits Morbidity and clinical score of low dose TP-5 treated group and DXM group were significantly lower than those of EAE group and hish dose TP-5 treated group(P＜0.01).Morbidity and clinical score of DXM group were significantly lower than those of low dose of TP-5 treated group(P＜0.01).The levels of IL-12 of EAE group,DXM group,low dose TP-5 treated group and high dose TP-5 treated group were significantly higher than of normal control group at each time point(P＜0.01).The levels of IL-12 of DXM group and low dose TP-5 treated group were significantly lower than that of EAE group(P＜0.01),meanwhile the levels of IL-10 of DXM group and low dose TP-5 treated group were significantly higher than that of the rest groups on day 14 and 21 post immunization(P＜0.01).Conclusion TP-5 has protective effects on EAE,and its functional mechanism may be associated with down.regulation of IL-12 as well as up-regulation of IL-10,so as to reverse the imbalance of TH1/TH2 responses by bidirectional regulation.

HO-1 mRNA expression in brain of rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis / 第二军医大学学报

Objective:To investigate the role of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) in molecular mechanism of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods: Seventy-eight healthy female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=26): rats in control group received no treatment; rats in EAE group were induced with complete Freund's adjuvant and Guinea pig spinal cord homogenate(CFA-GPSCH); and rats in pyrrolidine-dithiocharbamate (PDTC) group received PDTC (100 mg/kg), a specific inhibitor of NF-kB, 1 h before and after(once a day for 7 d) CFA-GPSCH treatment. HO-1 mRNA expression were analyzed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) on 1 d,7 d,14 d,and 21 d after EAE induction, respectively. The relationship between HO-1 and symptoms of EAE was also investigated. Results: The expression of HO-1 mRNA was very low in the brains of the control group (0.27?0.05), whereas enhanced gradually with onset and development of EAE in EAE group, peaked on d 7 (1.11?0.12), kept at a high level till d 14(1.06?0.18) and decreased on d 21 (0.37?0.1). HO-1 mRNA expression change was in parallel with severities of EAE. In PDTC group,the EAE symptoms were mitigated markedly and the expression of HO-1 mRNA reduced noticeably compared with that of EAE group. Conclusion: Brain HO-1 mRNA expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of EAE,and application of some inhibitors of NF-kB may be one of the potential therapies for prevention and treatment of EAE.