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1.
West Indian med. j ; 69(1): 9-14, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341867

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effect of the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on basal metabolism rate (BMR) in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Methods: Demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) and smoking history of the patients were recorded. Basal metabolism rate was measured via indirect calorimetry in the morning following nights of polysomnography and CPAP titration. Basal metabolism rate, oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide output (VCO2) levels were compared before and after CPAP administration. Results: A total of 25 patients with a mean age of 51.4 ± 13.7 years were included in the study: 6 (24%) female and 19 (76%) male. A significant reduction in the BMR (p = 0.049), VO2 (p = 0.042) and VCO2 (p = 0.008) values were observed after a single night administration of CPAP as compared to before treatment. Furthermore, it was detected that this reduction provided by CPAP treatment was more significant in current smokers, patients with AHI > 60 and BMI ≥ 30. Conclusion: It is suggested that there is a correlation between BMR and the severity of OSAS, and it is possible to provide a significant reduction in BMR with single night administration of CPAP depending on the patient's smoking history, degree of obesity and disease severity.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Metabolismo Basal/fisiologia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/terapia , Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do Tratamento , Polissonografia
2.
West Indian med. j ; 69(7): 488-493, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515709

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: The use of advanced techniques of computed tomography (CT) has resulted in increased incidentally detected pulmonary embolism in oncology patients undergoing routine cancer staging CT scans. The aim of this study was to compare the symptomatic and incidental pulmonary emboli cases in oncologic patients. Methods: The medical data of the patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (ICD: I.26) and had an underlying malignancy were evaluated retrospectively from their hospital records between the years of 2009 and 2013. The results of their right ventricle dilatations were evaluated from the thorax CT. Results: There were 38 women (44.2%) and 48 men (55.8%), totalling 86 patients. Their mean age was 61.7 ± 11.9 years and the median duration of their follow-up was 6 months. Their most common underlying malignancies were gastrointestinal (29.4%), lung (22.4%), genitourinary (21.2%) and breast cancers (10.6%). Their pulmonary thromboembolism was diagnosed incidentally on routine control thorax CT in 39 of the cases (45.3%). When the incidental cases were compared with the symptomatic ones, no statistically significant difference was found with respect to the type of malignancy, history of chemotherapy, the presence of metastasis and evidence of septum flattening on the thorax CT. The presence of bilateral thrombus was found to be increased in the symptomatic cases compared with the incidental ones and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.026). It was found that the right ventricle/left ventricle ratio was significantly higher in symptomatic cases (p = 0.03) than in the incidental ones. Conclusion: A considerable number of pulmonary thromboemboli episodes could be asymptomatic in malignant patients. It is suggested that the submassive clinical course and preserved right ventricle functions could be the reason for the asymptomatic events.

3.
The Malaysian Journal of Pathology ; : 39-44, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-630721

RESUMO

Objective: Sildenafil is a selective and potent inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate specific phosphodiesterase-5 and has anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of sildenafil on smoke-induced lung inflammation. Material and Methods: Twenty-nine Wistar-Albino rats were enrolled into 3 groups as control, smoker and sildenafil groups. Smoker and sildenafil groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for 2 hours per day for 8 weeks. Sildenafil 10 mg/kg/day was administered to the sildenafil group by nasogastric lavage after smoke exposure. The degree of lung inflammation was scored histopathologically for each group. Results: The inflammation score was 7.25±0.93 in the control group, 8.18±1.21 in the smoker group and 7.08±1.66 in the sildenafil group. There was a non-significant decrease of inflammation score in sildenafil group with respect to control or smoker groups. While there was no significant difference of oedema, hyperemia, hemorrhage and mononuclear cell infiltration scores among the groups, it was found that the thickness of interalveolar septum and alveolar distortion was decreased in sildenafil group. However this decrease was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study suggests that sildenafil might reduce smoke-induced inflammation in rat lungs. Future studies are needed in order to investigate the clinical effectiveness of this finding in smoking related lung diseases.

4.
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135954

RESUMO

Background & objectives: Prevention of infection in burned patients poses a great challenge as infection is the most common cause of mortality after burn injury. An analysis of burned patients, admitted and treated between January 2004 and December 2005 in a nine-bed burn unit in Turkey, was performed prospectively to identify the common pathogens and incidence of nosocomial infection in these patients. Methods: Of the 182 burn cases admitted to Burn Care Unit during the study period, 169 met the inclusion criteria. Information related to nosocomial infection (NI) was collected. Samples were collected for culture and microorganisms isolated were tested for antimicrobial sensitivity. Results: Of the 169 burn patients, 127 acquired 166 nosocomial infection (NI) (15.7% pneumonia, 56.0% burn wound infection, 8.4% urinary tract infection and 19.9% blood stream infection) with an overall NI rate of 18.2 per 1000 patient-days. The mean age (38 ± 21 yr), the mean length of hospitalization (45.06 ± 11.67 days) and the total burned surface area (TBSA) (34.58 ± 18.46%) of the patients with NI were higher than those of the patients with non NI (23 ± 17 yr), (16.38 ± 11.14 days) and (12.44± 8.69%) (P=0.03, P=0.001, P=0.01) respectively. By multiple logistic regression analysis, TBSA co-morbidities, broad spectrum antibiotic usage and invasive devices usage were significantly related to acquisition of NI. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (57%), Acinetobacter baumannii (21%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14%) were the most common resistant organisms isolated. Interpretation & conclusion: Our findings emphasize the need for careful disinfection and more strict infection control procedures in areas that serve immunosupressed individuals, such as burn patients.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Unidades de Queimados , Queimaduras/complicações , Queimaduras/terapia , Criança , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/etiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Turquia/epidemiologia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/epidemiologia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/etiologia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologia , Adulto Jovem
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