Therapeutic effects of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of combined 5-aminolevulinic acid [ALA] and photodynamic therapy [PDT] on genital warts and the safety

Methods: One hundred ten patients with genital warts who were treated in our hospital from June 2013 to October 2014 were selected. The warts and affected parts were disinfected with benzalkonium bromide solution, and the warts were covered with absorbent cotton that had already been added freshly prepared 20% ALA solution, packaged and fixed. Then they were wet-dressed in dark, into which ALA solution was added according to the proportion of 5:3:2 every 30 minutes for three consecutive hours. Afterwards, the warts were illuminated by using photodynamic laser apparatus

The clinical outcomes, adverse reactions and recurrence rates were observed

Results: Genital warts were relieved in 107 out of the 110 cases [cure rate: 97.3%]

Male patients had significantly better treatment outcomes at the urethral orifice than those in other affected parts. In the 107 patients, the cure rate of male patients was 98.8%, and they were cured after being treated four times. In contrast, female patients, who were cured after 5 times of treatment, had the cure rate of 91.7%. Their cure rates were similar [x=0, P>0.05], but the males were cured after significantly fewer times of treatment than the females [t=-7.432, P<0.05]

Five patients suffered from mild tingling or burning sensation upon dressing at the urethral orifice, and the others were all free from systemic adverse reactions. After illumination, a small portion of the patients had mildly red, swelling, painful affected parts, with mild edema that almost disappeared within three days

Three patients relapsed at the urethral orifice and were then cured after further treatment

Conclusion: ALA-PDT can treat genital warts safely with high cure rate and low recurrence rate, particularly working for those of males at the urethral orifice

Study on the therapeutic mechanisms of pseudolaric acid in mice with allergic contact dermatitis

Objective To study the therapeutic mechanisms of pseudolaric acid on allergic contact dermatitis in mice. Methods A total of 50 BALB/C mice were selected and randomly divided into control group, model group, and treatment A, B, C groups with 10 rats in each group. ACD model was established in model group, and treatment A, B, C groups but not in control group. Model group received no treatment, but treatment A, B, C groups were treated with external application of the concentration of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% of the pseudolaric acid for the lesions of ear skin. And the weight gain and the swelling degree of the mice' ear were recorded, weight of thymus and spleen were measured. Spleen suspension was prepared to test T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte levels of mice in five groups. Changes in serum IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 levels were tested through the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The weight gain of mice in model group were significant lower than those of mice in the control group and the treatment A, B, C groups (P 0.05). The swelling degree and the weight of mice ears in model group were significant higher than those of mice in control group and treatment A, B, C groups (P < 0.05). Swelling degree and the weight of mice ears of treatment A, B, C groups were obviously higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). The swelling degree and weight of mice' ears in treatment A, B, C groups were decreased with the increase of the drug dosage, but comparison between A, B and C group showed statistically differences (P < 0.05). The thymus and spleen index of mice in model group were significant higher than those of the other four groups (P < 0.05), among the four groups, thymus and spleen index of treatment A and B group were higher than control group and treatment C group (P < 0.05). The stimulation index of T and B cells of mice in model group was significantly higher than the rest four groups (P < 0.05). The serum IFN-γ level of mice in control group and treatment A, B and C group was obviously lower than that of mice in model group (P < 0.05). The serum IFN-γ level of mice in treatment A, B and C group were decreased with the increasing of the drug dosage, and the level of C group was obviously lower than that of A and B group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The pseudolaric acid has anti-inflammation and immune adjustment the effects showing a remarkable therapeutic effects for the ACD mice.

Study on the therapeutic mechanisms of pseudolaric acid in mice with allergic contact dermatitis

OBJECTIVE@#To study the therapeutic mechanisms of pseudolaric acid on allergic contact dermatitis in mice.@*METHODS@#A total of 50 BALB/C mice were selected and randomly divided into control group, model group, and treatment A, B, C groups with 10 rats in each group. ACD model was established in model group, and treatment A, B, C groups but not in control group. Model group received no treatment, but treatment A, B, C groups were treated with external application of the concentration of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% of the pseudolaric acid for the lesions of ear skin. And the weight gain and the swelling degree of the mice' ear were recorded, weight of thymus and spleen were measured. Spleen suspension was prepared to test T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte levels of mice in five groups. Changes in serum IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 levels were tested through the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).@*RESULTS@#The weight gain of mice in model group were significant lower than those of mice in the control group and the treatment A, B, C groups (P  0.05). The swelling degree and the weight of mice ears in model group were significant higher than those of mice in control group and treatment A, B, C groups (P < 0.05). Swelling degree and the weight of mice ears of treatment A, B, C groups were obviously higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). The swelling degree and weight of mice' ears in treatment A, B, C groups were decreased with the increase of the drug dosage, but comparison between A, B and C group showed statistically differences (P < 0.05). The thymus and spleen index of mice in model group were significant higher than those of the other four groups (P < 0.05), among the four groups, thymus and spleen index of treatment A and B group were higher than control group and treatment C group (P < 0.05). The stimulation index of T and B cells of mice in model group was significantly higher than the rest four groups (P < 0.05). The serum IFN-γ level of mice in control group and treatment A, B and C group was obviously lower than that of mice in model group (P < 0.05). The serum IFN-γ level of mice in treatment A, B and C group were decreased with the increasing of the drug dosage, and the level of C group was obviously lower than that of A and B group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The pseudolaric acid has anti-inflammation and immune adjustment the effects showing a remarkable therapeutic effects for the ACD mice.

Effects of different acupuncture and moxibustion methods on ultrastructure of gastrocnemius in rats / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the efficacy differences in early intervention of different acupuncture and moxibustion methods on gastrocnemius fatigue in rats induced by electrical stimulation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, a hand acupuncture group, an electroacupuncture group and a moxibustion group, 10 rats in each group. Electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve was given in the control group and gastrocnemius fatigue test was induced by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve in the model group after anesthesia without other treatment, but just take 6 times interval stimulation in the control group. The hand acupuncture group, the electroacupuncture group and the moxibustion group were treated with the corresponding acupoints stimulation method respectively for 20 min before gastrocnemius fatigue test, and Dazhui (GV 14) and Zusanli (ST 36) were selected. Immediately after gastrocnemius fatigue test, three or four gastrocnemius tissues at the same site on the right side were quickly taken for making specimen for transmission electron microscope (TEM). The changes of skeletal muscle ultrastructure of myofibrils, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, glycogen particles were observed under TEM.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Muscle fibers disorder, partial mitochondrial vacuolization and glycogen particles smaller were shown in the model group. (2) No abnormalities were shown in the hand acupuncture group and the moxibustion group with mitochondrial morphology and number, which better than that in the model group, and glycogen particles increased. (3) Abnormal changes in morphology were shown in the electroacupuncture group with part of the muscle fibers derangement, Z line malalignment and a few mitochondria vacuolization.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hand acupuncture, electroacupuncture and moxibustion have the different effects on ultrastructure of gastrocoemius in rats. Acupuncture and moxibustion have shown good effects on the prevention and treatment of exercise-induced skeletal muscle cell and organelle damage and delaying exercise-induced fatigue.</p>

Electroacupuncture therapy and corrosion of acupuncture needle / 中国针灸

During the process of electroacupuncture (EA) therapy, whether there being a corrosive effect in ac- upuncture needles was observed. Acupuncture needles were inserted into a rabbit's acupoint to perform a 12-hour electrical stimulation with three types of common EA waveform; additionally two needles were put in 0.9% sodium chloride solution with 12-hour direct current. Afterwards, environmental scanning electron microscope was applied to detect the surface physical characteristics of acupuncture needles. As a result, after a 12-hour continued electri- cal stimulation with three types of common EA waveform in the rabbit, there was no corrosive effect in acupunc- ture needles; but the direct current could cause severe corrosion in acupuncture needles. It is believed that there is no corrosion effect on acupuncture needles in current EA treatment, and some accidents reported in literature may be related to quality of EA device or improper manipulation during the treatment.

Effect of quantitative acupuncture manipulation on the skin temperature of acupoints / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To verify the effect of lifting-thrusting reinforcing manipulation at Hegu (LI 4) of the right side on skin temperature on the Large Intestine Meridian.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty healthy volunteers were needled at Hegu (LI 4) on the right side with lifting-thrusting reinforcing manipulation at the depth of 5 - 8 mm, 100 times/min in freqency for 1 min. With PowerLab 8/30 eight-channel high-speed recorders and specially equipped skin temperature detector, the temperatures of Shangyang (LI 1) on the bilateral side, Hegu (LI 4) and Kouheliao (LI 19) on the left side were tested at the time 30 min before the needling, 1 min during the needling and 30 min after the needling.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the lifting-thrusting reinforcing manipulation on the right Hegu (LI 4), the average skin temperature (27.89 +/- 3.56) degrees C before the needling at the left Hegu (LI 4) was increased to (28.30 +/- 2.81) degrees C, the temperature of right Shangyang (LI 1) (24.57 +/- 4.29) degrees C was increased to (26.30 +/- 4.32) degrees C, left Shangyang (LI 1) (25.13 +/- 5.07) degrees C to (26.58 +/- 4.92) degrees C and left Kouheliao (LI 19) (32.11 +/- 1.68) degrees C to (32.25 +/- 2.15) degrees C, all of which were significantly improved to different degrees (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The lifting-thrusting reinforcing manipulation has an effect of increasing skin temperature of acupoints, and the temperature changes after needling are along meridians and have specificity of acupoins.</p>

Thoughts on and probes into computer simulation of acupuncture manipulation / 生物医学工程学杂志

The studies of the simulation of acupuncture manipulation mainly focus on mechanical simulation and virtual simulation (SIM). In terms of mechanical simulation, the aim of the research is to develop the instruments of the simulation of acupuncture manipulation, and to apply them to the simulation or a replacement of the manual acupuncture manipulation; while the virtual simulation applies the virtual reality technology to present the manipulation in 3D real-time on the computer screen. This paper is to summarize the recent research progress on computer simulation of acupuncture manipulation at home and abroad, and thus concludes with the significance and the rising problems over the computer simulation of acupuncture manipulation. Therefore we put forward that the research on simulation manipulation should pay much attention to experts' manipulation simulation, as well as the verification studies on conformity and clinical effects.

Effect of acupuncture on regulating skeletal muscle endurance in rats / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of acupuncture on skeletal muscle endurance in rats as a pre-games assistant training.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, model and acupuncture group. Acupuncture group was treated at "Dazhui" (GV 14), "Housanli" (ST 36) by twisting mild reinforcing-reducing method for 20 min, no interventions were added on control and model group. Muscle strength was detected in three groups under anaesthetic (after model established in model group, after model established and treated in acupuncture group). Averaged change percentage of mean skeletal muscle endurance (P(m)) and averaged maximum percentage of skeletal muscle endurance (P(max)) were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) 10P(m) in model group decreased more than acupuncture group statistically (P < 0.05); 20P(m), 30P(m) and 40P(m) in model group decreased significantly compared to those in control group and acupuncture group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (2) Changes of 10P(max) in acupuncture group was much less than in model group (P < 0.05); changes of 20P(max), 30P(max), 40P(max) and 50P(max) decreased more in model group than in acupuncture group and control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As an assistant training method, acupuncture can postpone descending point of muscle strength endurance to delay sport fatigue.</p>

Compilation experience of national standard Standardized Manipulation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Part 11, Electroacupuncture / 中国针灸

The main structure and content of the national standard Standardized Manipulation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Part 11, Electroacupuncture are analyzed in retrospection of its compilation process. Discussions are made concerning arguments on the central idea and problems appeared during the compilation. Meanwhile, key points which should be noticed in clinical application are advanced as well.

Thinking and status of research on acupoint temperature sensor needle / 中国针灸

ABSTRACT Based on acupoint temperature sensor needle related literatures, the development and the applications of temperature sensor needle and the measuring instrument which is used for measuring the temperature of acupoints are introduced in the present paper. This paper summarizes the basic structure and measuring principle of temperature sensor needle; it also summarizes the hardware and measuring procedures of the measuring instrument. According to the characteristics of the temperature sensor needle, this paper states its broad applications and development trend.

Design and implementation of the platform for clustering analysis on acupuncture manipulation parameters / 生物医学工程学杂志

Acupuncture manipulation is the pivotal factor for conferring clinical efficacy of acupuncture. By retrieving in the scientific research data base and acquiring the characteristics of acupuncture manipulation parameters, we studied the cluster-algorithm on parameter analyses and implemented clustering analysis of acupuncture manipulation parameters. Then we disclose the inherent method of needling. Thus, it can be used as a theoretical base for the studies on standard, normalization and quantification of the acupuncture manipulation parameter.

Analysis on current situation of the application of electroacupuncture in clinical and experimental studies in recent 5 years / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into the selection of parameters of electroacupuncture and analyze some problems.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Analyze and study on the relevant literature about the application of electroacupuncture in the past 5 years and analyze the parameters of electroacupuncture in the literature in detail.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Most of literature paid greater attention to the selection of parameters of electroacupuncture, but different electroacupuncture apparatuses were used with different electroacupuncture parameters.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The selection of the electroacupuncture apparatus and electroacupuncture parameters does not have an unified standard, influencing comparability and reference of experimental and clinical results.</p>

Study on the project of quantification of electroacupuncture stimulation quantity / 中国针灸

In order to study on the definition domain and their correlated influencing factors about the acupuncture and moxibustion stimulation quantity, electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation quality and intensity, and to probe into the project of quantification of EA stimulation quantity. The authors reviewed the standardization work of EA, summed up the current state of the application of EA and the problems in quantification of the stimulation quantity in clinically control studies, expounded the different opinions and misunderstanding in acupuncture and moxibustion stimulation quantity and analyzed the definition domain and associated factors about acupuncture and moxibustion stimulation quantity and EA stimulation quantity and intensity. After the technical analysis, the calculation methods and formulas of pulse energy, quantity and intensity of EA stimulation were derived. On this basis, several schemes for the quantification of EA stimulation quantity with a certain feasibility and strong maneuverability are proposed.

Application of "Acupuncture Manipulation Information Analyzing System" in acupuncture manipulation education / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the application of analyzing systems and techniques in acupuncture manipulation education that may improve students' acupuncture manipulation skills.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The teacher's acupuncture manipulation (TAM) was recorded in wave, data and video information by the Analyzing System. Students practised, adjusted and corrected their manipulation skills according to the TAM. After finishing the training sessions, the system's grading function evaluated every student's performance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After training, the stability of the students' acupuncture manipulation skills and their achievement were both significantly improved (P < 0.01, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Analyzing System benefits for imitating and learning the manipulations of specilists and can improve the education quality.</p>

Measurement and analysis of acupuncture manipulation / 中国针灸

Acupuncture manipulation is an important part of the theory of acupuncture and moxibustion, and it is a basic skill for acupuncture physicians. In order to further disclose the essence and character of acupuncture manipulation, the scholars collect in time acupuncture manipulations by the multi-subject crossing methods for qualitative, quantitative analysis and study, and make its analysis of dynamics and kinematics with the riper engineering. However, the current study and analysis on acupuncture manipulation is not deep and not systemic, so the thesis proposes a research way which should create a database of the acupuncture manipulation, so as to provide reliable evidences for studies of correlativity between acupuncture manipulation and acupuncture effects, and establish the theoretical basis for the study of the quantification and standardization of acupuncture manipulation.