Study Progress on Biopreparation and Antitumor Mechanism of Ginsenoside CK / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Ginsenoside Compound K(CK)is a kind of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides,which exerts antitumor effects on various cancers,such as lung cancer,liver cancer and breast cancer.Pharmacological studies have proved that CK induces tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis,as well as regulates tumor cell autophagy and inhibits tumor metastasis by regulating multiple signaling pathways(AMPK/mTOR and PI3K/Akt et cetera).However,as an intestinal metabolite of natural protopanaxadiol ginsenosides,CK cannot be directly extracted from the ginseng plant.Therefore,biotransformation from natural ginsenosides such as ginsenoside Rb1 or biosynthesis are utilized to obtain CK.Biotransformation of CK uses enzymes or microorganisms to transform different ginsenosides or their structural analogs into CK;biosynthesis of CK cultures cell factories and biosynthetic enzymes to synthesize glucose and other simple compounds into CK.In this review,we systematically summarized the research progress in biopreparation and antitumor mechanism of CK in recent years,with the aim of providing evidence for the future development of CK as a clinical anti-tumor candidate drug or an adjunctive drug.

Developments of specialized pro-resolving mediators in periodontitis / 华西口腔医学杂志

Resolution of inflammation plays an important part in maintaining homeostasis. It is an actively programmed progress involving multiple immune cells and mediators. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) derived from Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids include resolvins, protectins and maresins, and they exert abilities in the resolution of inflammation, host defense, organ protection, and tissue generation. Periodontitis is an inflammatory and destructive disease in the periodontal tissue initiated by dental plaque. Inadequate proinflammatory or proresolving responses, or the imbalance between the two, may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Studies have shown that activating specialized receptors SPMs displayed multiple biological effects towards periodontitis, including resolution of inflammation, alveolar bone protection, periodontal tissue regeneration, and pathogen resistance. Thus, the relationship between SPM and periodontitis and the potentials and challenges in SPM application were reviewed.

Interpretation and comparison of guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot between International Working Group on Diabetic Foot and Chinese Diabetes Society / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

This exploratory study attempted to establish the rules in diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot, through interpretation and comparison of the guidelines for diabetic foot from domestic with international ones. The document provided comparison between Guidelines of International Working Group on Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) and Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) in 2019, related to diabetic foot disease on: methodology, content, prevention, offloading, peripheral artery disease (PAD), infection, wound healing interventions, and classification of diabetic foot ulcers. Prevention of ulcers in persons with diabetes foot is very important, and a non-removable offloading device is the first-choice of offloading treatment; Surgical indications and reasonable treatment should be mastered in PAD; Different anti-infection treatments, including surgical debridement, should be used base on the severity of foot infection; There are lots of treatments to improve healing, however the Grand Standard of medical evidence is not very high; There are a larger number of proposed classifications and scoring systems for diabetic foot, but none of them could cover all the needs of diagnosis and treatment. Thus, the principles outlined have to be adapted or modified by our health care professionals, based on local circumstances, to develop a standardizated procedure in diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot.

Clinical approach to the neuroischemic ulcers in diabetic foot / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

[Summary] Neuroischemic diabetic foot ulcer ( NDFU) is characterized by infection, ulceration of deep tissues, neurological abnormalities, and various degrees of peripheral vascular disease in the lower limbs. The patients often have multiple risk factors such as older, longer duration, cardiovascular disease. The treatment is very difficult. The prognosis depends on the severity of complications, tissue range of infections, and the peripheral vascular disease. In this article, the treatment process of an old inpatient with NDFU and severe complications was reviewed and to propose a standard pathway for its management.