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italic>Schisandra chinensis is a traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of reinforcing deficiency, strengthening, and inducing astringency, appliable to treat the chronic cough and deficiency in breath, palpitation, and insomnia, etc. A hybrid mass spectrometry scanning strategy (high-definition data-independent/data-dependent acquisition, HDDIDDA), enabling the ion mobility separation and alternating data-independent acquisition/data-dependent acquisition, was established, which, in combination with in-house library-driven automatic peak annotation workflows facilitated by the UNIFI software, was utilized to systematically characterize the multi-classes of chemical components from S. chinensis. The use of an HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), 0.1% formic acid in H2O-acetonitrile as the mobile phase running at the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1, and column temperature at 35 ℃, could enable good separation of the S. chinensis components within 42 min. HDDIDDA scan in both the positive and negative ion modes was employed for data acquisition. Based on the automatic peak annotation, reference standards comparison, MS2 data interpretation, and literature analysis, we were able to identify or tentatively characterize 105 compounds in the S. chinensis decoction, involving 56 terpenoids, 42 lignans, five glycosides, one organic acid, and one flavonoid. HDDIDDA scanning can improve the coverage of data acquisition and improve the accuracy of identification, while CCS prediction analysis provides the possibility to distinguish isomers by the ion mobility technology. The results provide reference for the intelligent material basis research of TCM.
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AIM: To explore the correlation between neonatal retinal hemorrhage(RH)and changes in umbilical artery blood gas analysis.METHODS: A total of 312 full-term neonates born in our obstetrics department from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects. According to the RetCam III fundus examination results, 245 neonates who did not experience RH were included in the control group, while 67 cases with RH were found to be included in the RH group. In addition, neonates were grouped into I degree group(n=20), II degree group(n=29), and III degree group(n=18)based on the degree of RH. General clinical data and umbilical artery blood gas analysis indicators between the RH group and the control group were compared; the levels of umbilical artery blood gas analysis indicators in neonates with different degrees of RH, the relationship between pH and RH degree, and the influencing factors of neonatal RH were analyzed.RESULTS: There was no obvious difference in maternal age, average gestational week, fetal gender, parity, gestational diabetes, fetal birth weight, and amniotic fluid between the RH group and the control group(all P>0.05), while there were obvious differences in delivery methods, gestational hypertension, forceps assisted delivery, neonatal asphyxia, and umbilical cord around the neck(all P<0.05). The pH value, arterial blood sample partial pressure(PaO2)and base excess(BE)values of the RH group were obviously lower than those of the control group(all P<0.01), while the arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO2)was obviously higher than that of the control group(P<0.01). There were obvious differences in umbilical artery blood gas analysis indicators among children with different degrees of RH(P<0.05), and with the increase of the degree of RH, pH value, PaO2 and BE gradually decreased(P<0.05), and PaCO2 gradually increased(P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the degree of RH and the pH of umbilical artery blood gas analysis(rs=-0.593, P<0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that delivery method, gestational hypertension, forceps assisted delivery, neonatal asphyxia, umbilical cord entanglement, pH, PaO2, PaCO2, and BE were all influencing factors for the occurrence of neonatal RH.CONCLUSION: There is a close correlation between neonatal RH and changes in umbilical artery blood gas analysis, and umbilical artery blood gas analysis can be used for the diagnosis of neonatal RH, which can be used to guide clinical treatment.
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The incidence of myopia among Chinese adolescents is progressively rising, indicating a distinct trend toward younger age onset.This paper aims to comprehensively review the impact of various visual performance on myopia and its progression, with a specific emphasis on accommodative function, convergence function, and ocular position. A meticulous exploration of accommodation function, encompassing accommodative amplitude, accommodative facility, accommodative response, positive relative accommodation, and negative relative accommodation, has been undertaken to elucidate its contributory role in myopia progression. Concurrently, an exhaustive analysis of convergence function has been conducted including esotropia and exotropia, convergence insufficiency and convergence excess, fusional function vergence, divergence insufficiency, and excess, providing a nuanced understanding of convergence's implications for myopia advancement. Furthermore, the influence of ocular position on myopia progression, along with other factors affecting perceptual ocular position and intermittent exotropia, is discussed. The primary objective of this article is to unveil the multifaceted visual performance influencing myopia and its progression, elucidating the paramount significance of accommodative function, convergence function, and ocular position in this context.
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Objective To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of mental health status of permanent residents in Yichang, Hubei Province. Methods A total of 9 576 permanent residents aged 18 years and older from Yichang City were selected by a multistage random sampling method between June and October 2022. The PHQ-9 was used to assess the residents’ depressive symptoms, the GAD-7 was used to assess their anxiety symptoms, the ISI was used to assess their insomnia status, and the PCL-5 was used to assess their stress status. The influence factors of depression and anxiety were analyzed using χ2 test and logistic regression. Results A total of 9 122 valid questionnaires were completed. The detection rate of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and stress symptoms were 29.98%, 19.03%, 11.97% and 1.58%, respectively. Gender, education level, monthly family income, self-rated health status, mental health literacy level, total GAD-7 score, total ISI score, and total PCL-5 score were the main factors that caused residents' anxiety symptoms, while gender, education level, self-rated health status, total PHQ-9 score, total ISI score, and total PCL-5 score were the main factors that caused residents' anxiety symptoms. Conclusion The prevalence of depression and anxiety is high among the permanent residents in Yichang, while the situation of insomnia and stress is relatively good. Measures such as improving the level of mental health literacy can be taken to improve mental health level of residents in Yichang.
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Objective To study the microscopic structure and morphological characteristics of Zebrafish eyeball and retina at different developmental stages, and to lay a foundation for visual research model. Methods Select eight groups of zebrafish at different ages, with six fish in each group, 48 fish in total. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the eyeball structure of Zebrafish at different developmental stages, and the thickness of retinal each layer was measured to analyze the temporal and spatial development pattern. The morphological characteristics of various cells in the retina and the way of nerve connection were observed from the microscopic and ultrastructural aspects, especially the structural differences between rod cells and cone cells. Results The retina of Zebrafish can be divided into ten layers including retinal pigment epithelial layer, rod cells and cone cells layer, outer limiting membrane, outer nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform layer, ganglion cell layer, nerve fiber layer, inner limiting membrane. Rod cells had a smaller nucleus and a higher electron density than cone cells. Photoreceptor terminals were neatly arranged in the outer plexiform layer, forming neural connections with horizontal cells and bipolar cells, and several synaptic ribbons are clearly visible within them. In Zebrafish retina, ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer are the earliest developed. With the growth and development of Zebrafish, the thickness of rod cells and cone cells layer and retinal pigment epithelial layer gradually increases, and the retinal structure was basically developed in about 10 weeks. Conclusion The retinal structure of Zebrafish is typical, with obvious stratification and highly differentiated nerve cells. There are abundant neural connections in the outer plexiform layer. The ocular development characteristics of Zebrafish are similar to those of most mammals.
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Objective Nowadays, radioactive xenon isotopes, including 131mXe, 133mXe, 133Xe, and 135Xe, are primarily released into the atmosphere through various reactor operation and major accidents of reactors. To improve the online monitoring capability of xenon in nuclear facilities and their gaseous effluents, a highly sensitive online xenon monitoring system was developed to monitor, warn, and alarm the activity concentration of radioactive xenon. Methods The online monitoring system for radioactive xenon gas in nuclear facilities was established using xenon membrane separation and concentration, xenon high-efficiency selective adsorption, and low-background gamma-ray spectrometry analysis methods. Results Under the operation mode of one-hour sampling and one-hour measuring, the minimum detectable activity concentration of the radioactive xenon online monitoring system for 133Xe was approximately (1.43 ± 0.03) Bq/m3. Conclusion This system can be effectively used for online monitoring of xenon activity concentration in nuclear facilities such as nuclear power plants and isotope production reactors, as well as in gaseous effluents. It helps improve the safety level of personnel, the environment, and nuclear facilities.
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Objective@#To analyze the relationship between the risk of tuberculosis outbreaks in schools and the visit interval of index cases, so as to provide a scientific reference for predicting the risks of tuberculosis outbreak and making preventive measures.@*Methods@#A total of 630 index cases from school tuberculosis outbreaks were studied during January, 2015 to December, 2022. Data on demographics, consultation history, etiological diagnosis, and methods of detection were collected. Restricted Cubic Splines (RCS), unconditional Logistic regression, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) were used for analysis.@*Results@#The RCS fitted curve showed that the risk of a tuberculosis outbreak linearly increased when the consultation interval for etiologically negative patients exceeded 5.79 days, or for etiologically positive patients exceeded 8.37 days. After multi factor adjustment, for every additional day in the visit interval of the index case, the odds ratio ( OR ) value for a high risk outbreak was 1.10 (95% CI =1.07-1.13)( P <0.05). When analyzed by tertiles of visit intervals, compared to an interval of <14 days, the OR values (95% CI ) for high risk outbreaks in schools with intervals of 14-<28 days and ≥28 days were 10.32(3.04-35.10) and 82.58( 28.42 -239.95), respectively( P <0.01), indicating a trend of increasing outbreak risk with longer visit intervals. Based on the ROC curve analysis, the optimal threshold for predicting a high risk school tuberculosis outbreak was 23.5 days, with an area under the curve ( AUC ) of 0.93 (95% CI =0.89-0.98).@*Conclusion@#An extended visit interval of index cases is a good early warning indicator for high risk tuberculosis outbreaks in schools and could be considered a key factor in early intervention and risk control strategies.
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AIM: To observe and analyze the effectiveness and safety of wearing corneal refractive therapy(CRT)and vision shaping treatment(VST)designed orthokeratology in controlling myopic progression in adolescents with low E-value corneal morphology.METHODS: This prospective study involved 100 cases(100 eyes)of adolescent myopia patients fitted with orthokeratology at our optometry clinic from January 2020 to December 2021. The data of right eye were collected for research, and they were divided into low myopia group(-1.00 to -3.00 D)and moderate myopia group(-3.25 to -5.00 D)according to spherical equivalent, with 50 cases in each group. Each group of patients was further randomly divided into the CRT group and the VST group, with 25 cases in each group. Uncorrected visual acuity, refractive error, axial length(AL), tear film break-up time(BUT), corneal endothelial cell density, corneal staining grading, lens decentration, and refractive power at 15°-30° were measured before and after wearing orthokeratology, with a follow-up duration of 1.5 a.RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity of CRT and VST subgroups in the low myopia group showed no statistical significance at any time point after wearing orthokeratology. However, in the moderate myopia group, CRT subgroup showed better uncorrected visual acuity than the VST subgroup, with significant differences at 1 d and 1 wk(t=-9.474, -12.067, both P<0.01); no significant differences were noted at other time points. After wearing lens for 6 mo and 1.5 a, the AL growth for the CRT subgroup in low and moderate myopia was less than the VST subgroup, with no statistically significant differences. There were no statistically significant differences in binocular BUT and corneal endothelial cell density after wearing lens for 6 mo and 1.5 a. Corneal injury was lower in the CRT subgroup than that in the VST subgroup, but the difference was not statistically significant(Z=-1.803, P=0.071). Lens decentration was significantly better in the CRT subgroup than in the VST subgroup(Z=-4.629, P<0.001). In the periphery of the retina at 15°-30°, there were no significant differences in the amount of myopic defocus between the two groups, while it was statistically significant at 1, 3, and 6 mo in the moderate myopia subgroup(t=-3.949, P=0.008; t=-5.833, P<0.001; t=-6.231, P<0.001), indicating that CRT subgroup could produce a greater amount of myopic defocus.CONCLUSION: For patients with low E-value corneal morphology, CRT, using the vector height at 8 mm on the cornea for fitting, is not limited to the corneal E-value. It shapes faster and improves uncorrected visual acuity after shaping, especially for moderate myopia, achieving better daytime vision. In terms of controlling myopia, CRT fitting elevates return zone depth(RZD), creating a small central optical zone to produce more peripheral myopic defocus. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in controlling AL growth. Both groups showed minimal corneal damage, indicating consistent safety in myopia control.
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To promote the development of extracellular vesicles of herbal medicine especially the establishment of standardization, led by the National Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, research experts in the field of herbal medicine and extracellular vesicles were invited nationwide with the support of the Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, Professional Committee on Extracellular Vesicle Research and Application, Chinese Society of Research Hospitals and the Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Herbal Vesicles. Based on the collation of relevant literature, we have adopted the Delphi method, the consensus meeting method combined with the nominal group method to form a discussion draft of "Consensus statement on research and application of Chinese herbal medicine derived extracellular vesicles-like particles (2023)". The first draft was discussed in online and offline meetings on October 12, 14, November 2, 2022 and April and May 2023 on the current status of research, nomenclature, isolation methods, quality standards and research applications of extracellular vesicles of Chinese herbal medicines, and 13 consensus opinions were finally formed. At the Third Academic Conference on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, held on May 26, 2023, Kewei Zhao, convenor of the consensus, presented and read the consensus to the experts of the Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles. The consensus highlights the characteristics and advantages of Chinese medicine, inherits the essence, and keeps the righteousness and innovation, aiming to provide a reference for colleagues engaged in research and application of Chinese herbal vesicles at home and abroad, decode the mystery behind Chinese herbal vesicles together, establish a safe, effective and controllable accurate Chinese herbal vesicle prevention and treatment system, and build a bridge for Chinese medicine to the world.
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OBJECTIVE To design pharmaceutical care pathway for the problems related to chemotherapy， and to evaluate whether it contributes to the detection and intervention of drug-related problems （DRPs） in chemotherapy patients. METHODS The pharmaceutical care pathway table and flow charts were constructed and implemented by pharmaceutical care practice experience. The patients who were admitted to our hospital for chemotherapy before and after the implementation of the pharmaceutical care pathway were divided into control group （before the implementation，60 cases） and observation group （after the implementation，64 cases）， respectively； the relevant medical records of patients in the control group were extracted to evaluate DRPs， and pharmaceutical care of chemotherapy-related problems was performed for patients in observation group to extract DRPs. The basic condition， chemotherapy condition， DRPs classification and intervention status， adverse reactions induced by chemotherapy， PCNE classification of DRPs， occurrence time of DRPs， and drug classes related to DRPs were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS There was no statistical significance in the basic situation， chemotherapy regimen and chemotherapy drug category between the two groups （P＞0.05）. DRPs occurred in 46 and 37 patients in control group and observation group， respectively. In both groups， DRPs mainly occurred during chemotherapy， and mainly in the early stage of chemotherapy. Using the new pathway， the detection of DRPs significantly increased from 52.17% in the control group to 91.89% in the observation group （P＜0.05）. The successful intervention rate of DRPs was significantly increased from 32.61% in the control group to 72.97% in the observation group （P＜ 0.05）. The incidence of adverse drug reactions significantly decreased from 28.33% in the control group to 12.50% in the observation group（P＜0.05）. The main problem type of DRPs in the control group was treatment effectiveness， which mainly involved adjuvant antitumor drugs， mainly due to the use of adjuvant anti-tumor drugs for off-label prescribing； that of the observation group was treatment effectiveness and treatment safety， which mainly involved vomiting drugs， mainly due to insufficient medication to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of the pathway helps clinical pharmacists to detect and intervene in DRPs among chemotherapy patients， and reduces the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions.
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ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Wenyang Jieyu prescription in regulating hippocampal neuron apoptosis and improving synaptic plasticity in the mouse model of depression induced by maternal separation combined with restraint stress. MethodThe mice on postnatal day 0 （PD0） were randomly assigned into a control group （n=10） and a modeling group （n=50）. Maternal separation combined with restraint stress was adopted to establish the mouse model of depression， and the modeled mice were randomized into model， Wenyang prescription， Jieyu prescription， Wenyang Jieyu prescription， and fluoxetine groups （n=10） on the weaning day （PD21）. From PD21 to PD111， the mice were fed with the diets mixed with corresponding medicines. The sucrose preference test， open field test， O-maze test， and novel object recognition test were then conducted to evaluate the depression， memory， and learning abilities of mice. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to measure the atomic absorbance （AA） of postsynaptic density protein 95 （PSD95） in the hippocampus. Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling （TUNEL） was employed to detect the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， phosphorylated tyrosine kinase receptor B/tyrosine kinase receptor B （p-TrkB/TrkB）， phosphorylated protein kinase B/protein kinase B （p-Akt/Akt）， phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin/mammalian target of rapamycin （p-mTOR/mTOR）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X （Bax）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 （Caspase-3）， synaptophysin （Syn）， and PSD95. ResultCompared with the control group， the modeling decreased the sucrose preference rate， time spent in central zone within 5 min， total movement distance， time spent in the open arm， and cognition index （P<0.01）. Furthermore， it decreased the expression of PSD95， increased the neuron apoptosis in the hippocampus （P<0.01）， down-regulated the protein levels of BDNF， p-TrkB/TrkB， p-Akt/Akt， p-mTOR/mTOR， Bcl-2， PSD95， and Syn （P<0.01）， and up-regulated the protein levels of Bax and Caspase-3 （P<0.05） in the hippocampus. Compared with the model group， Wenyang Jieyu prescription and fluoxetine increased the sucrose preference rate， time spent in central zone within 5 min， total movement distance， time spent in the open arm， and cognition index （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， the drugs increased the expression of PSD95， reduced the neuron apoptosis （P<0.01）， up-regulated the protein levels of BDNF， p-TrkB/TrkB， p-Akt/Akt， p-mTOR/mTOR， Bcl-2， PSD95， and Syn （P<0.01）， and down-regulated the protein levels of Bax and Caspase-3 （P<0.01）. ConclusionWenyang Jieyu prescription outperformed Wenyang prescription and Jieyu prescription in the treatment of the depressive behavior induced by maternal separation combined with restraint stress in mice. It exerted the therapeutic effect by reducing the hippocampal neuron apoptosis and improving the synaptic plasticity via the BDNF/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Wenyang Jieyu prescription （WJP） on neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity in the mouse model of depression induced by maternal separation combined with restraint stress. MethodThe mice on postnatal day 0 （PD0） were randomized into a control group and a modeling group. Maternal separation combined with restraint stress was employed to establish the mouse model of depression. After the removal of female mice， the modeled mice were randomized into model， Wenyang prescription （5.85 g·kg-1）， Jieyu prescription （12.03 g·kg-1）， WJP （16.71 g·kg-1）， and fluoxetine （2.6 mg·kg-1） groups on the weaning day （PD21）， with 15 mice in each group. The mice were administrated with corresponding drugs mixed with the diet from PD21 to PD111. The sucrose preference test， open field test， O-maze test， and novel object recognition test were then carried out to evaluate the depression state， memory， and learning ability of the mice. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to observe the ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 （Iba-1） in hippocampal microglia. High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was employed to measure the content of noradrenaline （NE） and epinephrine （E） in the hippocampus. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to determine the content of interleukin （IL）-18 and IL-1β in the hippocampus. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）， cysteine aspartate-specific protease-1 （Caspase-1）， IL-1β， synaptophysin （Syn）， and postsynaptic density 95 （PSD95）. ResultCompared with control group， the model group showed decreased sucrose preference rate， time spent in central zone within 5 min， total movement distance， time spent in the open arm， and cognition index （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The microglia in the model group presented amoeba-like appearance， the Iba1 increased. Moreover， the model group showed decreased content of NE and E （P<0.01）， elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-18 （P<0.01）， down-regulated protein levels of PSD95 and Syn （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and up-regulated protein levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， and IL-1β （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with model group， WJP and fluoxetine increased the sucrose preference rate， time spent in central zone within 5 min， total movement distance， time spent in the open arm， and cognition index （P<0.05， P<0.01）. They recovered the microglia and the Iba1 decreased. Moreover， the drugs increased the content of NE and E （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lowered the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 （P<0.01）， up-regulated the protein levels of PSD95 and Syn （P<0.01）， down-regulated the protein levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， and IL-1β （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionWJP can treat the depressive behavior induced by maternal separation combined with restraint stress in mice， with the performance outperforming Wenyang prescription and Jieyu prescription. It may alleviate the neuroinflammation induced by microglia and improve the synaptic plasticity by regulating the NLRP3 pathway and increasing neurotransmitters in the hippocampus.
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ObjectiveTo explore the syndromes and mechanisms of depression induced by maternal separation （MS） combined with chronic restraint stress （RS） in mice. MethodOn postnatal day 0 （PD0）， the offspring mice were randomized into a blank group （NC） and a modeling group. The mouse model of depression was established by MS+RS for 21 days. After removal of female mice on PD21， the modeled mice were randomized into model， Wenyang， Jieyu， Wenyang Jieyu， and fluoxetine groups， with 15 mice in each group. The sucrose preference， tail suspension， and open field tests were carried out to evaluate the anxiety and depression-like behavior in mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the adrenocorticotrophic hormone （ACTH） and corticosterone （CORT） levels in mouse plasma. High performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector was used to determine the content of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to determine the mRNA levels of genes in the 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） system， hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） signaling pathway in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the expression levels of proteins in the 5-HT system and HPA axis in the hippocampus. The Simple Western system was used to determine the protein levels of BDNF and tyrosine kinase receptor B （TrkB） in the hippocampus. ResultCompared with the NC group， the model group exhibited depression-like behavior， which was significantly relieved by Wenyang Jieyu prescription and fluoxetine. Compared with the NC group， the model group showed elevated levels of CORT and ACTH in the plasma （P<0.01）， which， however， were lowered by Wenyang Jieyu prescription and fluoxetine （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the NC group， the model group showed inhibited expression of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while Wenyang Jieyu prescription and fluoxetine restored the expression of neurotransmitters （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with NC group， the model group showed inhibition of the 5-HTergic nerve and abnormal activation of the HPA axis， and Wenyang Jieyu prescription and fluoxetine regulated the abnormal state of the 5-HTergic nerve and HPA axis. Compared with NC group， the modeling down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）， which， however， were recovered in Wenyang， Jieyu， Wenyang Jieyu， and fluoxetine groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe mouse model of depression induced by MS+RS may present the syndrome of Yang deficiency and liver depression. Wenyang Jieyu prescription may increase the content of hippocampal neurotransmitters by regulating the 5-HT system and the BDNF signaling pathway mediated by the HPA axis， thereby alleviating depression-like behavior in mice.
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Objective@# To explore whether Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) can reduce the apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) mice by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway. @*Methods@# (i) In vitro experiments, mouse retinal ganglion cells (661W cells) were divided into normal, model, LBP low-dose (LBP-L, 40 mg/L), LBP middle-dose (LBP-M, 80 mg/L), LBP high-dose (LBP-H, 160 mg/L), and positive drug control (NLRP3 inhibitor, 160 mg/L) groups. And the 661W cells were exposed to varying concentrations of H2O2 ranging from 50 to 400 μmol/L to determine the optimal concentration for inducing apoptosis (200 μmol/L). Then the cell viability was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), while the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry; the expression of NLRP3 was detected by immunofluorescence; and the expression of apoptosis markers was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB). (ii) In vivo assays were carried out with the use of C57/BL6 and Rd10 mice. The animal experimental groups were divided into normal, model, LBP-L, LBP-M, LBP-H, and NLRP3 inhibitor groups, in which the normal group was C57/BL6 mice and the other groups were Rd10 mice. Ten mice were included in each group, and the corresponding drugs were administered intragastrically for a duration of four weeks. NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and the expression of apoptosis markers were observed by electroretinogram, histopathological examination, and WB to assess the effects of LBP on retinal photoreceptor cell apoptosis.@*Results@#(i) In vitro experiments, compared with the normal group, the apoptosis rate of 661W cells in model group was significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the expression levels of key proteins of NF-κB/NLRP pathway, such as NLRP3, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, and pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3, were up-regulated (P < 0.01). The rate of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased (P < 0.01), and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, high dose of LBP decreased the apoptosis rate of 661W cells (P < 0.01), and down-regulated the expression levelsof the key proteins of NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, including NF-κB, NLRP3, p-NF-κB, and caspase-3 (P < 0.01). The rate of Bax/Bcl-2 was decreased (P < 0.01), and the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased (P < 0.01). (ii) In vivo experiments, high dose of LBP significantly increased morphological changes in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness of Rd10 mice, as well as functional changes in the amplitudes of the a-wave and b-wave (P < 0.01), which also down-regulated the expression levels of NF-κB (P < 0.05), NLRP3, p-NF-κB, and caspase-3 (P < 0.01), reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 rate (P < 0.01), and decreased the concentrations of IL-1β (P < 0.01) and TNF-α (P < 0.05). @*Conclusion@#LBP could improve both retinal morphology and function, providing protection to photoreceptors from apoptosis through the inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.
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ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Xiaoyaosan in alleviating lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced depressive-like behavior in mice based on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） pathway. MethodAfter adaptive feeding， C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal group， model group， minocycline group （intrabitoneal injection， 50 mg·kg-1）， fluoxetine group （intragastric administration， 2.6 mg·kg-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose Xiaoyaosan groups （intragastric administration，6.012 5， 12.025， and 24.050 g·kg-1）. After 14 days of administration， the model group and each administration group were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mg·kg-1 LPS， and the normal group was intraperitoneally injected with equal volume of normal saline. Depressive-like behavior in mice was assessed using the open field test and the elevated zero maze test. High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used to measure the levels of norepinephrine （NE） and epinephrine （E） in the mouse hippocampus. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was performed to determine serum interleukin-1β （IL-1β） levels. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the protein expression levels of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 （Iba-1）， c-Fos， and c-Jun. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to measure mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， c-Jun， c-Fos， and JNK3 in the mouse hippocampus. Protein expression levels of JNK and phosphorylated （p）-JNK in the mouse hippocampus were measured using capillary protein automated protein expression analysis system （Western）. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited significantly reduced central area residence time， crossing times， and travel distance in the open field （P<0.01）， significantly increased serum IL-1β levels （P<0.01）， significantly decreased NE and E levels （P<0.05）， upregulated mRNA expression of IL-1β， JNK3， and c-Fos， and increased protein expression of Iba-1， c-Fos， and c-Jun （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Xiaoyaosan groups showed increased central area residence time and open arm residence time （P<0.05）， increased NE and E levels （P<0.01）， decreased mRNA expression of IL-1β， JNK3， c-Jun， and c-Fos， and decreased protein expression of Iba-1， c-Fos， JNK， and p-JNK （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The minocycline group and the fluoxetine group showed decreased mRNA expression of JNK3， c-Jun， and c-Fos （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The minocycline group showed decreased serum IL-1β and p-JNK protein expression （P<0.01）. The fluoxetine group exhibited increased NE and E levels and decreased c-Fos protein expression （P<0.01）. ConclusionXiaoyaosan can improve depressive-like behavior induced by LPS in mice， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of neuroinflammatory responses and the JNK pathway.
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Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of thyroid imaging report and data system (TIRADS) combined with BRAF V600E mutation detection in differentiating uncertain thyroid nodules by using fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and to analyze the role of TIRADS classification in screening the nodules needed to be routinely detected for BRAF V600E mutation.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 337 thyroid nodules patients diagnosed with TIRADS classification, FNAC Bethesda classification, BRAF V600E mutation detection and postoperative histopathology from the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University between January 2018 and August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The role of TIRADS classification, FNAC Bethesda classification and BRAF V600E mutation detection alone and the combined detection in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules was also analyzed.Results:The postoperative histopathological result was regarded as the gold standard. The sensitivity of TIRADS classification, FNAC Bethesda classification and BRAF V600E mutation for thyroid cancer diagnosis was 76.0%, 88.1% and 80.4% respectively, and the corresponding specificity was 84.0%, 96.0% and 100.0%, respectively. Histologically, 37 (62.7%) of 59 nodules with FNAC uncertainty were malignant nodules after the surgery. The sensitivity and accuracy of BRAF V600E mutation detection in the diagnosis of FNAC uncertain nodules were 51.4% and 69.5%, respectively, while the sensitivity and accuracy of BRAF V600E mutation detection combined with TIRADS classification were 86.5% and 84.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of BRAF V600E mutation detection combined with TIRADS classification were both improved ( P values were 0.002 and 0.049, respectively). The positive rate of BRAF V600E mutation in thyroid nodules increased step by step with the rise of risk degree in TIRADS classification, and the type 3 cases were lower than those in type 4a cases [14.3% (1/7) vs. 68.6% (24/35), P = 0.012], and there were no statistically significant differences among the adjacent groups above 4a (all P > 0.05). Conclusions:TIRADS combined with BRAF V600E mutation detection can improve the sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of FNAC uncertain thyroid nodules. The BRAF V600E mutation rate of TIRADS 4a and above nodules is high, so routine detection is recommended.
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Objective:To investigate the treatment of preterm and low birth weight infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and to share the experience.Methods:This retrospective study enrolled 117 newborns with CDH who underwent major surgery at Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from May 1, 2011, to March 31, 2022. Based on gestational age and birth weight, the infants were divided into the preterm and/or low birth weight group (gestational age < 37 weeks and/or birth weight less than 2 500 g, n=41) and the control group (gestational age ≥ 37 weeks and birth weight ≥ 2 500 g, n=76). Furthermore, the preterm and/or low birth weight infants were divided into the thoracoscopic surgery subgroup ( n=31) and the open surgery subgroup ( n=10) according to the surgical approach. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using two independent sample t-tests, rank sum tests, Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact probability test. Results:Preoperative data showed that the Apgar scores at 1 min [7.0 (6.0-8.0) vs 9.0 (8.0-9.8), Z=－4.03] and 5 min [9.0 (8.0-10.0) vs 9.0 (9.0-10.0), Z=－2.13] of the preterm and/or low birth weight infants were both lower than those in the control group (both P<0.05), while the proportion of infants with moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension was higher [68.3% (28/41) vs 38.2% (29/76), χ 2=9.68, P<0.05]. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the proportion of thoracoscopic surgery, operation time, right diaphragmatic hernia, presence of hernia sac, grading of the defect, presence of liver herniation, and application of mesh (all P>0.05). Regarding the postoperative outcomes, the death rate in the preterm and/or low birth weiht group was higher compared to the control group [36.6% (15/41) vs 13.2% (10/76), χ 2=8.70, P<0.05]. Additionally, the time required to resume full enteral nutrition after surgery was longer in the preterm and/or low birth weight group than that in the control group [25 d (18-29 d) vs 16 d (10-25 d), Z=2.31, P<0.05]. The thoracoscopic subgroup had a lower mortality compared to the open surgery subgroup [25.8% (8/31) vs 7/10, P<0.05]. The thoracoscopic surgery subgroup had a higher Apgar score at 1 min after birth [(7.4±1.6) vs (6.0±2.2), t=2.20, P<0.05], later age at operation (hours after birth) [31.0 h (23.0-48.0 h) vs 17.0 h (4.7-24.5 h), Z=2.57, P<0.05], a lower proportion of infants operated within 24 hours after birth [32.3% (10/31) vs 8/10, P<0.05], and longer duration of operation [170.0 min (122.0-200.0 min) vs 110.0 min (87.3-120.0 min), Z=3.65, P<0.05]. Conclusions:In this study, a higher mortality in the preterm and/or low birth weight group compared to the control group was observed, which may be attributed to the higher proportion of neonates with moderate-severe pulmonary hypertension. The thoracoscopic diaphragmatic repair can be attempted for preterm and low birth weight infants who have relatively stable respiratory and circulatory functions.
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Objective:To determine whether there is a correlation between the cross-sectional area (CSA) and the parameters as measured on nerve conduction studies.Methods:Twenty-one patients with neuromuscular diseases in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from March 3, 2022 to May 4, 2023 underwent ultrasound measurement of the CSA of the median nerves and ulnar nerves at the wrist, elbow and the upper arm, followed by nerve conduction studies (NCS). A linear regression model was performed to compare NCS and CSA.Results:A total of 180 sets of motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) and CSA at the different sites including 102 sets of median nerve and 78 sets of ulnar nerve, 220 sets of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and CSA at the different sites including 104 sets of median nerve and 116 sets of ulnar nerve, 60 sets of sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) and CSA and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude and CSA at the wrist including 32 sets of median nerve and 28 sets of ulnar nerve were recorded. The linear correlation between MCV and CSA was statistically significant both in median nerve ( r2=0.10,adjusted r2=0.09, P=0.001) and in ulnar nerve ( r2=0.18,adjusted r2=0.17, P<0.001).When CSA>10 mm 2, the linear correlation between CMAP amplitude and CSA was statistically significant both in median nerve ( r2=0.09,adjusted r2=0.08, P=0.024) and ulnar nerve ( r2=0.19,adjusted r2=0.17, P=0.004). The correlation between CMAP and CSA was not statistically significant when CSA≤10 mm 2. And the correlations between SCV and CSA and between SNAP and CSA were not statistically significant. Conclusions:CSA can better show the characteristics of changes in motor nerve conduction especially in motor conduction velocity. It is suggested that its application prospect in demyelinating peripheral neuropathy with motor nerve damage may be more extensive.
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This review summarizes dietary characteristics of patients with psoriasis, discusses effects of gluten-free diet, Mediterranean diet and dietary intervention-induced weight loss on psoriasis, and analyzes the efficacy of dietary supplements in the treatment of psoriasis, such as fish oil, vitamin D, vitamin B12, selenium, and probiotics.
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Objective:To investigate the predictive value of plasma atherosclerosis index (AIP) on metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in physical examination population.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study. Total of 97 076 people who completed physical examination in the Health Management Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January to December 2021 and met the integrity of the study were selected as study subjects. Of the subjects, 31 176 people who met the diagnostic criteria of MAFLD were set as the MAFLD group, and the other 65 900 people were set as the non-MAFLD group. Laboratory indexes, height, weight, blood pressure, liver ultrasound and other indicators in the two groups were collected, and the AIP was calculated. The t-test was used for measurement data and chi-square test was used for counting data to compare the differences between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of MAFLD. The two groups were grouped further according to gender and age, and the difference of AIP prediction efficiency in different groups was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:The average age (47.3 years, Z=-31.734), male proportion (76.9%, χ2=7 837.54) and the average value of AIP (0.23, Z=-155.089) in MAFLD group were all higher than those in non-MAFLD group (all P<0.001). After stratified by age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hypertensive or not, hemoglobin A1c (HbA 1c), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), the difference of AIP between the two groups was still statistically significant (all P<0.001). Multifactorial regression analysis showed that alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ( OR=1.024), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ( OR=0.974), serum creatinine (sCr) ( OR=0.975), serum uric acid ( OR=1.004), HbA 1c ( OR=1.231), hemoglobin (HB) ( OR=1.011), platelet(PLT) ( OR=1.002), FBG ( OR=1.131), BMI ( OR=1.419), AIP ( OR=11.318), systolic blood pressure ( OR=1.002), and diastolic blood pressure ( OR=1.012) were independent risk factors for MAFLD (all P<0.001). In the overall population, AIP had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.808, a cut-off value of 2.045, a sensitivity of 74.5% and a specificity of 72.4%; in the gender subgroup, the AUC was greater in women than in men (0.815 vs 0.764), and the cut-off values, sensitivities and specificities in the two groups were -0.044 vs 0.091, 75.6% vs 72.2%, 73.3% vs 67.6%, respectively; in the age sub-group, the largest AUC (0.848), cut-off value (0.034), sensitivity (79.1%) and specificity (75.3%) were found in the 18-44 years group; the differences were statistically significantin the ROC curve analysis of each group ( P<0.001). Conclusion:AIP is an independent risk factor for MAFLD, which has good predictive value for the occurrence of the disease, and has better predictive effect in women and young groups (18-44 years old).