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ObjectiveTo explore the structural characteristics and functional differences of intestinal flora in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） of dampness heat trapping spleen（DHTS） syndrome and Qi-Yin deficiency（QYD） syndrome. MethodFrom June 2018 to January 2020，62 T2DM patients with DHTS syndrome and 60 with QYD syndrome were selected from Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. Serum and fecal samples were collected to compare body mass index（BMI），glucose and lipid metabolism，fasting insulin （FINS） and fasting C-peptide （FCP） levels，and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance（HOMA-IR） of the two syndrome types. Fecal samples were extracted for DNA database construction，and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze and compare the intestinal flora and metabolic pathways. Result① The BMI，fasting plasma glucose（FPG），2-hour postprandial blood glucose （2 h PBG），total cholesterol（TC），triglyceride（TG），low density lipoprotein（LDL），FINS，FCP，and HOMA-IR were higher in patients with DHTS syndrome than in patients with QYD syndrome，and the high density lipoprotein（HDL） of the former was lower than that of the latter，（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ② In terms of species composition and differences，Bacteroidetes， Clostridia and Gammaproteobacteria were dominant at the class level，and the relative abundance of Clostridia，Mollicutes and Verrucomicrobiae in QYD syndrome group was higher than that in DHTS syndrome group. At the order level，Bacteroidales，Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales were mainly found. The relative abundance of Clostridiales，Erysipelotrichales and Verrucomicrobiales in QYD syndrome group was obviously higher than that in DHTS syndrome group，while Aeromonadales in the former was lower than that in the latter （P<0.05）. At the family level，Bacteroidaceae，Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae were predominant. The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae，Porphyromonadaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae in QYD syndrome group was higher than that in DHTS syndrome group（P<0.05）. At the genus level，Bacteroides，Prevotella and Parabacteroides were mainly found. The relative abundance of Parabacteroides，Butyrivibrio and Ruminiclostridium in QYD syndrome group was higher than that in DHTS syndrome group，while that of Klebsiella and Megasphaera in DHTS syndrome group was higher than that in QYD syndrome group（P<0.05）. ③ Through Venn analysis of operational taxonomic units（OTU），it was found that there were 49 OTUs in patients with DHTS syndrome patients and 47 OTUs in QYD syndrome patients. ④ The results of OTU β diversity and α analysis showed that Shannon and Simpson indexes had statistical differences，while Ace and Chao indexes had no statistical differences. The intestinal microbial diversity of patients with QYD syndrome was higher than that of patients with DHTS syndrome（P<0.05）. The analysis of similarities （ANOSIM） showed that the difference of β diversity between the two groups was significant（P<0.05）. ⑤ Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size（LEfSe） results demonstrated that Klebsiella，Megasphaera and Aeromonadales could be selected as the key biomarkers for DHTS syndrome； 14 bacteria such as Ruminiclostridium，Burkholderiaceae，Lautropia，Butyrivibrio，Erysipelotrichales can be selected as the key biomarkers for QYD syndrome. ⑥Functional annotation and analysis showed that the DHTS syndrome involved 9 metabolic pathways，including arginine and proline metabolism，lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis，nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism，while the QYD syndrome involved 10 metabolic pathways，including acarbose and valinomycin biosynthesis，glucagon signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. ConclusionThere are obvious differences in intestinal flora and functions in T2DM patients of DHTS syndrome and QYD syndrome，which can be used as reference for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome differentiation and the target of TCM treatment.
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Objective To investigate the status of human intestinal parasitic diseases in Nanping City from 2014 to 2018, so as to provide reference for the development of the effective control measures. Methods Administrative villages were selected using the two-stage cluster sampling in Nanping City from 2014 to 2018, and surveillance of human intestinal parasitic diseases was performed in 5 administrative villages in each county (district) of Nanping City. Intestinal parasitic infections were detected using a modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (two smears for a single stool sample) in villagers, and the hookworm species was differentiated. In addition, the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis were detected using the adhesive tape method in children aged 3 to 6 years. Results A total of 6 317 villagers were detected in Nanping City from 2014 to 2018, and the overall prevalence of human intestinal parasitic infections was 2.15%. There was year- (χ2 = 10.53, P < 0.05) and gender-specific prevalence of human intestinal parasitic infections in Nanping City during the study period (χ2 = 17.00, P < 0.01). The prevalence of human intestinal parasitic infections increased with age, and there was age-specific prevalence of human intestinal parasitic infections in Nanping City (χ2 = 102.62, P < 0.01). A total of 945 children at ages of 3 to 6 years were detected, and the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection was 3.28%. Conclusions The prevalence of human intestinal parasitic infections is at a low level in Nanping City from 2014 to 2018, and the infection mainly occurs in villagers of advanced age and low education levels. Further comprehensive measures are required to control intestinal parasitic infections in key populations.
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Objective To investigate the status of human intestinal parasitic diseases in Nanping City from 2014 to 2018, so as to provide reference for the development of the effective control measures. Methods Administrative villages were selected using the two-stage cluster sampling in Nanping City from 2014 to 2018, and surveillance of human intestinal parasitic diseases was performed in 5 administrative villages in each county (district) of Nanping City. Intestinal parasitic infections were detected using a modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (two smears for a single stool sample) in villagers, and the hookworm species was differentiated. In addition, the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis were detected using the adhesive tape method in children aged 3 to 6 years. Results A total of 6 317 villagers were detected in Nanping City from 2014 to 2018, and the overall prevalence of human intestinal parasitic infections was 2.15%. There was year- (χ2 = 10.53, P < 0.05) and gender-specific prevalence of human intestinal parasitic infections in Nanping City during the study period (χ2 = 17.00, P < 0.01). The prevalence of human intestinal parasitic infections increased with age, and there was age-specific prevalence of human intestinal parasitic infections in Nanping City (χ2 = 102.62, P < 0.01). A total of 945 children at ages of 3 to 6 years were detected, and the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection was 3.28%. Conclusions The prevalence of human intestinal parasitic infections is at a low level in Nanping City from 2014 to 2018, and the infection mainly occurs in villagers of advanced age and low education levels. Further comprehensive measures are required to control intestinal parasitic infections in key populations.
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This article summarized the clinical experience of Professor WANG Meng-yong in treating lupus nephritis from the symptoms and essence. Professor WANG Meng-yong believes that treatment for lupus nephritis should attach importance to clinical features of setting deficiency of liver, spleen and kidney as the essence and toxin and blood stasisas symptoms, in which the essence is deficient and the symptoms are excess and combination of external and internal pathogenesis. He flexibly uses methods of nourishing liver and kidney, tonifying spleen, and stomach, clearing heat and cooling blood, activating blood and promoting diuresis to alleviate water retention, which have obvious efficacy, effectively avoid adverse reactions and reduce the risk of recurrence, and improve patient prognosis.
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Objective To explore the physical activity and exercise rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). Methods Based on the theoretical framework of ICF-CY and the theories of children's development, the paper discussed the physical activities and exercise rehabilitation strategies for chil-dren with cerebral palsy. Results There were important roles of physical activity and exercise rehabilitation to improve the motor function and cognitive function, and enhance cognition, mobility, self-care, and communication function, and promote the overall development for children with cerebral palsy. The individualized physical activity and exercise rehabilitation program for children with cerebral palsy could be developed with the analysis of functioning and disability with ICF-CY. Conclusion Children with cerebral palsy could improve their functioning and get overall development with individualized physical activity and exercise rehabilitation program based on ICF-CY.
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@#Objective To explore the development and implementation of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) (International Chinese Version) in China. Methods A total of 332 research papers in ICF had been selected from CNKI from 2001 to 2017 and analyzed using Citespace III. The time, authors and institutions distributions had been explored. Results There was a sus-tainable increase of ICF publications in Chinese from 2001. The core authors of ICF are QIU Zhuo-ying and his research team. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice has published most researches in ICF in China. ICF Chinese version has been widely imple-mented in the areas of disability statistics at population level, clinical and services, management and service information, and social policy. With the guidance and coordination of WHO Family of International Classifications Collaborating Center (WHO-FIC CC) and cooperation with WHO-FIC CCs Germany, Australia, and Italy, and cooperation with WHO CC Rehabilitation in China, remarkable achievements has been made in the fields of ICF research and implementation. Conclusion It is a promising new research area to research and implement ICF in China. New ideologies and tools has been developed and significant influences have been made from ICF research and implementation in the fields of health care, rehabilitation, education, social security and employment, social services, disability studies, and informatics.
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Objective To explore the functioning and disability and individualized rehabilitation strategies for children with cerebral pal-sy using ICF-CY. Methods ICF-CY core set for children with cerebral palsy was used, and literatures of functioning and disability (motor function) and physical activity and exercise rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy were reviewed systematically. Based on the theo-retical framework of ICF-CY and the theories of children's development, the rehabilitation strategies for children with cerebral palsy were discussed. Results The main functioning and disability for children with cerebral palsy were impairment of brain structure and nerve system-and motor function at body level;activity limitation and participation restriction in cognition, mobility and self-care, and restriction in partic-ipation in games, leisure and educational activities at individual level and related environmental factors. The rehabilitation strategies of chil-dren with cerebral palsy should be based on the physical structure and function, activities and participation, as well as environmental factors, to develop programs that met the characteristics of the individual. Conclusion The characteristics of functioning and disability for children with cerebral palsy were analyzed using ICF-CY. Individualized rehabilitation strategies should be developed to promote the overall develop-ments for children with cerebral palsy.
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on the ICF-CY, to discuss the approaches of physical activity and exercise rehabilitation for them. Methods The typical disabilities in children with ASD were analyze based on ICF-CY and literature review. The approaches of physical activity and exercise rehabilitation were discussed. Results There were two kinds of behaviors including repetitive behavior and communication impairments. The main functioning of children with ASD included special mental function and motor function in body function and body structure;interpersonal interactions, hand and arm flexibly use, walking and moving in activity and participation. Individualized physical activity plan for children with ASD should promote the development of motor skills, improve relevant functions and promote all-round developments. Conclusion It is useful to analyze the functioning and disability, to develop individualized plans of physical activity and sport rehabilitation, to improve total functioning and to promote all-round developments.
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Objective To identify the characteristics of the subtype of PMA-induced THP-1 macrophages by flow cytometry analysis. Methods THP-1 monocytic cells differentiate into macrophages promoted by PMA, then induced into M1 and M2 by adding different cytokines, such as LPS,IL-6 and IFN-γ for THP-1-M1, IL-4,IL-13 and IL-6 for THP-1-M2. Morphology of cells were observed under a microscope and the expression of CD14, CD68, CD16, CD80, CD86, CD163, CD206, CD209, CD83, CD1a, CD11c, HLA-DR were detected by flow cytometry. Results The macrophages stimulated by PMA became adherent;THP-1-M1 and THP-1-M2 lost their spherical morphology, appeared more irregular with many obvious projections. The expression of CD83, CD1a, CD11c, HLA-DR which had the function of antigen presenting on the surface of THP-1-Mφwere very low, and most of them were negative, but those of THP-1-M1 and THP-1-M2 were very high. Conclusions The macrophages differentiated from THP-1 stimulated by PMA are weak in antigen presenting function.
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Blue laser imaging (BLI) is a new endoscopic system equipped with the laser beam emitting two different wavelengths.It produces bright and high resolution images for observation of microvascular and microsurface patterns of esophageal and gastric mucosa, helping the diagnosis of early upper gastrointestinal cancer.Compared with the existed endoscopic techniques, BLI shows its unique advantages.In this article, advances in application of BLI in diagnosis of early upper gastrointestinal cancer were reviewed.
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Objective To explore the physical activity and exercise rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). Methods Based on the theoretical framework of ICF-CY and the theories of children's development, the paper discussed the physical activities and exercise rehabilitation strategies for chil-dren with cerebral palsy. Results There were important roles of physical activity and exercise rehabilitation to improve the motor function and cognitive function, and enhance cognition, mobility, self-care, and communication function, and promote the overall development for children with cerebral palsy. The individualized physical activity and exercise rehabilitation program for children with cerebral palsy could be developed with the analysis of functioning and disability with ICF-CY. Conclusion Children with cerebral palsy could improve their functioning and get overall development with individualized physical activity and exercise rehabilitation program based on ICF-CY.
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@#Objective To explore the development and implementation of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) (International Chinese Version) in China. Methods A total of 332 research papers in ICF had been selected from CNKI from 2001 to 2017 and analyzed using Citespace III. The time, authors and institutions distributions had been explored. Results There was a sus-tainable increase of ICF publications in Chinese from 2001. The core authors of ICF are QIU Zhuo-ying and his research team. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice has published most researches in ICF in China. ICF Chinese version has been widely imple-mented in the areas of disability statistics at population level, clinical and services, management and service information, and social policy. With the guidance and coordination of WHO Family of International Classifications Collaborating Center (WHO-FIC CC) and cooperation with WHO-FIC CCs Germany, Australia, and Italy, and cooperation with WHO CC Rehabilitation in China, remarkable achievements has been made in the fields of ICF research and implementation. Conclusion It is a promising new research area to research and implement ICF in China. New ideologies and tools has been developed and significant influences have been made from ICF research and implementation in the fields of health care, rehabilitation, education, social security and employment, social services, disability studies, and informatics.
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Objective To explore the functioning and disability and individualized rehabilitation strategies for children with cerebral pal-sy using ICF-CY. Methods ICF-CY core set for children with cerebral palsy was used, and literatures of functioning and disability (motor function) and physical activity and exercise rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy were reviewed systematically. Based on the theo-retical framework of ICF-CY and the theories of children's development, the rehabilitation strategies for children with cerebral palsy were discussed. Results The main functioning and disability for children with cerebral palsy were impairment of brain structure and nerve system-and motor function at body level;activity limitation and participation restriction in cognition, mobility and self-care, and restriction in partic-ipation in games, leisure and educational activities at individual level and related environmental factors. The rehabilitation strategies of chil-dren with cerebral palsy should be based on the physical structure and function, activities and participation, as well as environmental factors, to develop programs that met the characteristics of the individual. Conclusion The characteristics of functioning and disability for children with cerebral palsy were analyzed using ICF-CY. Individualized rehabilitation strategies should be developed to promote the overall develop-ments for children with cerebral palsy.
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on the ICF-CY, to discuss the approaches of physical activity and exercise rehabilitation for them. Methods The typical disabilities in children with ASD were analyze based on ICF-CY and literature review. The approaches of physical activity and exercise rehabilitation were discussed. Results There were two kinds of behaviors including repetitive behavior and communication impairments. The main functioning of children with ASD included special mental function and motor function in body function and body structure;interpersonal interactions, hand and arm flexibly use, walking and moving in activity and participation. Individualized physical activity plan for children with ASD should promote the development of motor skills, improve relevant functions and promote all-round developments. Conclusion It is useful to analyze the functioning and disability, to develop individualized plans of physical activity and sport rehabilitation, to improve total functioning and to promote all-round developments.
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Objective To identify the characteristics of the subtype of PMA-induced THP-1 macrophages by flow cytometry analysis. Methods THP-1 monocytic cells differentiate into macrophages promoted by PMA, then induced into M1 and M2 by adding different cytokines, such as LPS,IL-6 and IFN-γ for THP-1-M1, IL-4,IL-13 and IL-6 for THP-1-M2. Morphology of cells were observed under a microscope and the expression of CD14, CD68, CD16, CD80, CD86, CD163, CD206, CD209, CD83, CD1a, CD11c, HLA-DR were detected by flow cytometry. Results The macrophages stimulated by PMA became adherent;THP-1-M1 and THP-1-M2 lost their spherical morphology, appeared more irregular with many obvious projections. The expression of CD83, CD1a, CD11c, HLA-DR which had the function of antigen presenting on the surface of THP-1-Mφwere very low, and most of them were negative, but those of THP-1-M1 and THP-1-M2 were very high. Conclusions The macrophages differentiated from THP-1 stimulated by PMA are weak in antigen presenting function.
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Based on target cycling amplification and 3 ,4 ,9 ,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride derivative functionalized singal probe, an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence ( ECL) sensor was designed for the detection of lead ions. The hairpin substrate DNA was immobilized on the electrode through molecular self-assembly. In the presence of Pb2+and DNAzyme, the substrate was cleaved with single strand DNA fragments left on the electrode surface. Meanwhile, the target and DNAzyme was released for another cleaving circularly. As a result, the single strand DNA fragments hybridized with the assist hairpin probe H1, which leaded to the fabrication of H2 labeled with the 3 , 4 , 9 , 10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride derivative functionalized hollow gold nanoparticles. With the increasing concentration of Pb2+, much more signal probe was been captured and the ECL signal of the biosensor in peroxydisulfate ( S2 O2-8 ) solution would increase. An ECL assay demonstrates that the sensor has a good linear response to Pb2+ concentration in the range of 1í10-12 mol/L-1í10-6 mol/L, with a detection limit of 1í10-12 mol/L. The fabricated sensor shows good selectivity toward Pb2+against other common metal ions.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the performance of computer-assisted imaging system in the detection of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion and quality-assurance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Manual PAP screening (n = 140 580) and image-assisted screening (n = 32 885) were compared for the detection rates of squamous cell abnormalities, the atypical squamous cells (ASC) to squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) ratio, the positive rates of high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) test in the case of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), and the correlation between cytopathology and histopathology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with manual screening, computer-assisted imaging system showed increased overall positive detection by 0.32%, decreased detection of ASC by 0.21%, increased detection of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) by 0.22%, increased detection of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse (HSIL) by 0.31%, and decreased ASC to SIL ratio from 2.59 to 1.60. Computer-assisted imaging system did not change the HR-HPV positive rate of the patients who were ASC-US, or the coincidence rate between cytopathology and histopathology. Moreover, the productivity of the laboratory operation increased 58.33%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Computer-assisted imaging system significantly increases the overall positive detection rate of cervical SIL, improves accuracy and work efficiency of screening, decreases the ASC/SIL rate, and strengths the quality-assurance of laboratory testing.</p>
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Feminino , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Patologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero , Patologia , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Papillomaviridae , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Patologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero , Patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Patologia , Esfregaço Vaginal , MétodosRESUMO
<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>With the ongoing need to improve therapy for lung cancer, there has been an increasing interest in the development of reliable preclinical models to test novel therapeutics. The aim of this study is to establish a patient-derived lung cancer xenograft model in mice and to observe the biological characteristics of xenografts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Surgically resected tumor specimens from patients with lung cancer were implanted in the subcutaneous layer of the NOD/ SCID mice. Cancer specimens of percutaneous lung biopsy by CT fluoroscopy were implanted into the subrenal capsule of nude mouse. The subcutaneous carcinoma was surgically removed when it grew to approximately 1.0 cm in diameter, and then re-transplanted into new nude mice. The growth process of transplanted tumor was observed. Expression of CEA, cytokeratin, and Ki67 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Mutations in the exons 18-21 of EGFR and exons 12,59 of K-ras of primary and xenograft tumors were examined. The cell cycle of xenograft tumor cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven cases were conducted for NOD/SCID mice and nude mice modelling. The patient-derived lung cancer xenografts have been established successfully, and the tumor could be passed to new nude mice, including No 2 model (adenocasinoma), No. 3 model (small cell lung cancer), and No.5 model (squamous cell cancer). High homogeneity was found between xenograft tumors and human lung cancer in histopathology, immunohistochemical phenotype, and EGFR, K-ras mutation status. The S-phase fraction of xenograft cell cycle was prolonged, which indicated that the xenografts remains highly proliferated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The xenotransplantation models established for patient-derived lung cancer in immune deficient mice. The success rate is 27%. This model system displayed the biological characteristics of human lung cancer, suggesting that it may provide a stable, reliable, and useful animal model in human lung cancer research.</p>
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Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Genética , Patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos SCID , Transplante de Neoplasias , Transplante HeterólogoRESUMO
Synthetic biology aims to design and build new biological systems with desirable properties, providing the foundation for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The most prominent representation of synthetic biology has been used in microbial engineering by recombinant DNA technology. However, there are advantages of using a deleted host, and therefore an increasing number of biotechnology studies follow similar strategies to dissect cellular networks and construct genome-reduced microbes. This review will give an overview of the strategies used for constructing and engineering reduced-genome factories by synthetic biology to improve production of secondary metabolites.
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Vias Biossintéticas , Genética , Cefamicinas , Compostos de Epóxi , Metabolismo , Escherichia coli , Genética , Metabolismo , Deleção de Genes , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Engenharia Genética , Métodos , Genética Microbiana , Genoma , Sesquiterpenos , Metabolismo , Streptomyces , Genética , Metabolismo , Estreptomicina , Biologia SintéticaRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEPO) on p-Akt and caspase-9 expressions in the hippocampus of rats with status epilepticus (SE) and explore the neuroprotective mechanism of rhuEPO.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adult male SD rats were randomized into control, PTZ, rHuEPO, LY294002 group, and DMSO groups and treated with normal saline (NS), PTZ, PTZ+rHuEPO, PTZ+LY294002+rHuEPO, and PTZ+DMSO+rHuEPO, respectively. The behavioral and electroencephalogram (EEG) changes of the rats were recorded, and the expressions of p-Akt and caspase-9 were detected using immunohistochemistry. The hippocampal expression of caspase-9 mRNA was detected using RT-PCR, and the expressions of Akt and p-Akt proteins were determined with Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The p-Akt-positive cell and p-Akt protein expression increased significantly while the caspase-9-positive cell and caspase-9 mRNA expression decreased in rHuEPO group as compared with those in PTZ group (P<0.05). LY294002 treatment prior to rHuEPO injection significantly abolished the effects of rHuEPO on caspase-9 and p-Akt immunohistochemical positivity and caspase-9 mRNA and p-Akt protein expressions (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Administration of rHuEPO activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in SE rats and increases the expression of p-Akt protein to regulate the expression of caspase-9, a regulatory factor of the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway, and therefore provides anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects.</p>