Analysis of epidemic characteristics of COVID-19 clusters in Chenzhou， Hunan Province / 上海预防医学

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 8 clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） in Chenzhou City， and provide scientific basis for epidemic prevention and control. Methods:Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted for 8 COVID-19 clusters， comparing and analyzing the differences of infection rates among close contacts within and outside the family， and emphatically describing two typical cases. Results:8 COVID-19 clusters were reported in Chenzhou with a total of 31 cases from January to February， 2020. The main source of infection of the family index cases was Hubei Province. Cough symptoms were observed in 67.74% of the cases， followed by fever （54.84%）. The infection rate of close contacts within the family （55.00%） was higher than that outside the family （2.56%）， and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=28.177， P<0.001）. The infection rate of spouse of the family index cases was 85.71%， higher than that of parents （77.78%）， other family members （44.44%） and children （40.00%）， and the difference was not statistically significant （χ2=6.004， P=0.120）. Two typical cases suggested that both COVID-19 pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic patients have the potential to excrete the virus from the body and become sources of infection. Conclusion:Effective family prevention and control measures and early sampling and screening of people in key epidemic areas are conducive to early detection， early isolation and early treatment of infected people， so as to avoid the occurrence and spread of family clusters.

Epidemiological characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Chenzhou City / 上海预防医学

Objective To identify the epidemiological features of COVID-19 epidemic in Chenzhou City, Hunan province so as to provide scientific evidence for effective containment of the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to retrospectively characterize the confirmed COVID-19 cases and asymptomatic cases in Chenzhou City from January 23 through March 10, 2020. Results A total of 39 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 6 asymptomatic cases infection were documented in the city, with no death.We identified 8 clusters of COVID-19, which were all familial transmission.There was statistical difference between the sources of different types of epidemic (χ2=15.996, P < 0.001), in which all the local COVID-19 cases were the secondary cases in the clusters.As the epidemic expanded, the trend shifted from imported-case-centered to local-case-centered.The epidemic has covered 81.81% of the city area; in each area, the first COVID-19 cases were all imported. Conclusion The COVID-19 epidemic has been effectively controlled.At present, we focus on the quarantine in the entry and exit to prevent the imported epidemic.

Post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome treated with acupuncture and rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the clinical efficacy on post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) treated with acupuncture and rehabilitation and the impacts on patients' nailfold microcirculation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty patients were randomized into an acupuncture rehabilitation group and a simple rehabilitation group, 60 cases in each one. In the simple rehabilitation group, OT (comprehensive rehabilitation therapy) training was adopted. In the acupuncture rehabilitation group, on the basis of the treatment as the simple rehabilitation, acu puncture was added at Taiyuan (LU 9), Zusanli (ST 36), Xuanzhong (GB 39), Waiguan (TE 5), Shousanli (LI 10), Quchi (LI 11) and Jianyu (LI 15). Acupuncture was given once a day, 7 days made one session. Totally, 4 sessions of treatment were required. Fugl-Meyer score, upper limb pain score, the score of nerve function defect and the items of nailfold microcirculation of patients were assessed in the the two groups before and after treatment. The efficacy was compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The upper limb pain, the systematic motor function of the upper limbs, the nerve function defect, nailfold microcirculation and clinical symptoms were all improved after treatment in either the acupuncture rehabilitation group or the simple rehabilitation group as compared with those before treatment, indicating the significant difference (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). (2) The im provements in the upper limb pain (0. 90+/-0.71 vs 1. 80+/-0. 66), the systematic motor function of the upper limbs (42. 43 13. 57 vs 29. 98+/-15. 11), the nerve function defect (8. 60+/-11. 61 vs 13. 0+/-1. 74), nailfold microcirculation (total score 3. 18+/-1.32 vs 4.34+/-1.23) and clinical symptoms in the acupuncture rehabilitation group after treatment were different significantly as compared with those in the simple rehabilitation group (PO0. 05,P-O. 01), and the results in the acupuncture rehabilitation group were superior to the simple rehabilitation group. (3) In the acupuncture rehabilitation group, the markedly effective rate was 50. 0% (30/60) and the total effective rate was 93.3% (56/60), which was better than 16.7% (10/60) and 63. 3% (38/60) respectively in the simple rehabilitation group (all P<0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both the combined therapy of acupuncture and rehabilitation and the simple rehabilitation training are effective in the treatment of post-stroke SHS, and promote the status of nailfold microcirculation, the efficacy of the combined therapy is better than that of the latter.</p>

Gene expression of Notch1 and Jagged1 in children with acute leukemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the gene expression of Notch1 and Jagged1 in children with acute leukemia (AL) and their possible roles in the pathogenesis of AL.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mononuclear cells from bone marrow or peripheral blood of 47 children with AL and 20 controls (normal children or children with nonmalignant hematologic disease) were collected from February 2009 to July 2011. A two-step method to semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the gene expression of Notch1 and Jagged1. Of the 47 children with AL, there were 26 cases of B-ALL, 6 cases of T-ALL and 15 cases of AML.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive expression rate of Notch1 in the ALL and AML groups was higher than in the control group (P<0.05). The expression level of Notch1 in T-ALL children was higher than in B-ALL children (P<0.01). The positive expression rate of Jagged1 in the ALL and AML groups was not significantly different from the control group, however, the expression level of Jagged1 in the ALL and AML groups was higher than in the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There are significant differences in the gene expression of Notch1 between children with different types of ALL, and a higher expression of Notch1 relates to T-ALL. The activation of Notch1 signal is common in children with AL. The abnormal gene expression of Notch1 in children with AML shows the role of Notch1 in AML. The gene expression of Jagged1 in children with ALL or AML is abnormal, and this needs to be confirmed by further research.</p>

Expression of cdx2 gene in pediatric patients with leukemia and its clinical significance / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the expression of cdx2 gene in pediatric patients with acute leukemia and its clinical implication. The bone marrow and peripheral blood were collected from 33 newly diagnosed pediatric patients with acute leukemia, the cdx2 gene expression in each AL subtypes and normal controls was detected by RT-PCR, the relationship between cdx2 expression and response to treatment was observed. The results showed that the expression of cdx2 was positive in 25 out of 30 AL cases (83.3%), to be exact, in 20 of 21 ALL cases (95.2%) and in 5 of 9 AML cases (55.6%), which showed statistical difference (p < 0.05). The cdx2 mRNA could be detected also in 1 of 3 CML cases. However, no expression of cdx2 was observed in all normal control which revealed significant difference between patient group and normal control group. 21 AL patients with cdx2 positive expression (17 ALL and 4 AML patients) and 4 AL patients with cxd2 negative expression (1 ALL and 3 AML patients) all reached complete remission (CR) after treatment, which showed no correlation with CR rate. 8 patients with positive cdx2 expression were followed up. As a result, the cdx2 positive expression at initial diagnosis of patients remained positive at reaching CR, but it gradually turned to negative along with prolonging of CR, while the cdx2 negative expression at initial diagnosis of patients remained negative at CR in bone marrow level. It is concluded that cdx2 positive expression is observed in the majority of pediatric AL patients, even positive rate in ALL patients is higher than that in AML patients, while the cdx2 expression also can be observed in CML patients. The cdx2 positive expression is not related to the CR rate in AL patients.

Epidemic condition and biological characteristics of non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae in Haizhu District of Guangzhou / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the epidemic condition, distribution and biological characteristics of non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae from 2001 to 2009 in Haizhu District, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of acute diarrhea.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Referring to the detecting method written in "Cholera control handbook" in the fifth edition, 764 specimens from outside environment (including the water in the Pearl River, drinking water, water for breeding fish, aquatic products and delicatessen foods), 189 specimens of healthy population and 3398 intestinal samples of patients with diarrhea, summing up to 4351 specimens for non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>4,351 specimens were detected of 101 strains of non O1/non O139 Vibrio cholerae, the total detection rate was 2.32%; 66 strains were identified by serotyping and grouped into 26 different serotypes, the typing rate was 65.3%. The strains VBO9, VBO38 and VBO76 were the dominant bacteria.Nine strains of the same type of non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae were found from external environments also from patients with diarrhea, suggesting that there might be a correlation between the two.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae have diversified serotypes, causing certain infection rate among the population in this region. These bacteria exist extensively in external environment and they are the potential hazard to the citizens.</p>

Synthesis of (+/-) ibuprofen sugar derivatives / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>(+/-) Ibuprofen sugar derivatives were prepared in order to decrease side-effects and increase bioavailability of (+/-) ibuprofen.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The synthesis of derivatives were performed using 1,2:3, 4-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-galactopyranose, 1,3,4,5-tetra-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-amino-beta-D-gluctopyranose, 3,4 6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-N-acetyl-beta-D-gluctosylamine and 2,3,6,2',3',4',6'-hepta-O-acetyl-beta-D-lactosylamine as glycosyl donors, respectively. Target products (4, 7, 12a, 12b, 13) were obtained after deprotection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five compounds (4, 7, 12a, 12b, 13) were synthesized as new compounds. The structures of all objective compounds were confirmed by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HMQC, COSY, IR and MS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It was found that 12a showed better anti-inflammatory activity than (+/-) ibuprofen.</p>