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ObjectiveBy comparing the differences in composition and content of volatile components between Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma（AMR）and bleaching AMR， bran-fried AMR and bran-fried bleaching AMR， the effect of processing with rice-washed water on the volatile components in AMR and bran-fried AMR were investigated. MethodHeadspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GC-MS）was used to determine the volatile components in raw products， bran-fried products and their processed products with rice-washed water. GC conditions were programmed temperature（starting temperature of 50 ℃， rising to 140 ℃ at 10 ℃·min-1， maintained for 5 min， then rising to 210 ℃ at 4 ℃·min-1）， splitting ratio of 10∶1， high purity helium as the carrier gas and a solvent delay time of 3 min. MS conditions were an electron bombardment ion source（EI） with an electron collision energy of 70 eV， ion source temperature of 230 ℃， and the detection range of m/z 20-650. The relative contents of the components were determined by the peak area normalization method， the obtained sample data were subjected to principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） by SIMCA 14.1 software， and the differential components of AMR and bleaching AMR， and bran-fried AMR and bran-fried bleaching AMR were screened according to variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05. ResultA total of 71 volatile components were identified， including 53 in AMR， 50 in bleaching AMR， 51 in bran-fried AMR， and 44 in bran-fried bleaching AMR. OPLS-DA results showed that there were significant differences between AMR and bleaching AMR， bran-fried AMR and bran-fried bleaching AMR， but not between AMR samples from different origins. The compound composition of AMR and bleaching AMR， bran-fried AMR and bran-fried bleaching AMR did not change， but the contents of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes changed significantly. ConclusionSignificant changes in the contents of volatile components were observed in AMR and bleaching AMR， bran-fried AMR and bran-fried bleaching AMR， among them， 1，2-dimethyl-4-methylidenecyclopentene， 9，10-dehydro-isolongifolene， γ-elemene， zingiberene， atractylone， silphinene， modhephene and （1S，4S，4aS）-1-isopropyl-4，7-dimethyl-1，2，3，4，4a，5-hexahydronaphthalene can be used as candidate differential markers of volatile components of AMR before and after processing with rice-washed water.
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ObjectiveTo identify the chemical constituents of Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， and to investigate the changes of terpenoids in Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water. MethodUPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to detect with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B）as mobile phase for gradient elution （0-0.01 min， 20%B； 0.01-5 min， 20%-40%B； 5-40 min， 40%-95%B； 40-42 min， 95%B； 42-42.1 min， 95%-20%B； 42.1-45 min， 20%B）， electrospray ionization （ESI） was selected for collection and detection in positive ion mode with the scanning range of m/z 100-1 250 and ion source temperature at 500 ℃. The data were analyzed by PeakView 1.2.0.3， the components were identified according to the primary and secondary MS data， and combined with the reference substance and literature. After normalized treatment by MarkerView 1.2.1， the MS data were analyzed by principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， and then the differential components before and after processing were screened. The content changes of differential components were analyzed according to the relative peak area. ResultA total of 30 components were identified under positive ion mode， including 28 prototerpene triterpenes and 2 sesquiterpenes. The results of PCA and OPLS-DA showed that there were significant differences in components from Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water， and 10 differential components （alisol B 23-acetate， alisol I， alismol， 11-deoxy-alisol B 23-acetate， alisol B， alisol C， 11-deoxy-alisol B， alisol G， 11-deoxy-alisol C and alisol A） were screened， and the contents of alisol G and alisol A decreased significantly after processing. ConclusionUPLC-Q-TOF-MS can comprehensively and accurately identify the chemical constituents in raw and salt-processed products of Alismatis Rhizoma. It takes a great difference in the contents of chemical constituents before and after processing， and the difference of substituents is the main reason for this differences， which can provide reference for determining the material basis of efficacy changes of Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water.
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ObjectiveTo identify the chemical constituents of Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， and to investigate the changes of terpenoids in Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water. MethodUPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to detect with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B）as mobile phase for gradient elution （0-0.01 min， 20%B； 0.01-5 min， 20%-40%B； 5-40 min， 40%-95%B； 40-42 min， 95%B； 42-42.1 min， 95%-20%B； 42.1-45 min， 20%B）， electrospray ionization （ESI） was selected for collection and detection in positive ion mode with the scanning range of m/z 100-1 250 and ion source temperature at 500 ℃. The data were analyzed by PeakView 1.2.0.3， the components were identified according to the primary and secondary MS data， and combined with the reference substance and literature. After normalized treatment by MarkerView 1.2.1， the MS data were analyzed by principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， and then the differential components before and after processing were screened. The content changes of differential components were analyzed according to the relative peak area. ResultA total of 30 components were identified under positive ion mode， including 28 prototerpene triterpenes and 2 sesquiterpenes. The results of PCA and OPLS-DA showed that there were significant differences in components from Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water， and 10 differential components （alisol B 23-acetate， alisol I， alismol， 11-deoxy-alisol B 23-acetate， alisol B， alisol C， 11-deoxy-alisol B， alisol G， 11-deoxy-alisol C and alisol A） were screened， and the contents of alisol G and alisol A decreased significantly after processing. ConclusionUPLC-Q-TOF-MS can comprehensively and accurately identify the chemical constituents in raw and salt-processed products of Alismatis Rhizoma. It takes a great difference in the contents of chemical constituents before and after processing， and the difference of substituents is the main reason for this differences， which can provide reference for determining the material basis of efficacy changes of Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water.
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OBJECTIV E To study composition an d content changes of volatile components during the bleaching process of Atractylodis macrocephala with the water of washing rice. METHODS The raw products of A. macrocephala and bleached products of 5 different bleaching stages were prepared （in the first and second stages ，raw products were bleached with 9-fold volumn of the water of washing rice for 12 h and 24 h，respectively；in the third ，fourth and fifth stages ，the raw products were firstly bleached with 9-fold volumn of the water of washing rice for 24 h，and then bleached with 9-fold volumn of clean water for 12，24 and 48 h，respectively）；the bleaching temperature was set at 26 ℃. The volatile components of raw products of A. macrocephala and its bleached products of 5 different bleaching stages were qualitatively analyzed by using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relative percentage of each component was calculated by peak area normalization method. RESULTS A total of 49 volatile components were identified from raw products of A. macrocephala and its bleached products of 5 different bleaching stages，including 20 common volatile components such as terpinolene ，cyperene and atractylon ，etc. Among them ，33，31，28， 30，28 and 29 volatile components were identified from the raw products of A. macrocephala and the bleached products of the first to fifth stages ，the relative percentages of which were 66.218％ ，64.711％ ，79.410％ ，65.419％ ，67.101％ ，66.818％ ， respectively；among them ，the relative percentage of atractylon in bleached products was the highest in the fourth stage （41.206％），but was the lowest in the third stage （35.926％）. Compared with the raw product ，16 volatile components such as pethylbrene and β-vetivenen were added in the bleaching process ，while 8 volatile components such as ethyl palmitate and β-maaliene were not detected. However ，5 volatile components including 11-rotundene and （－）-valeranone in the bleaching process showed a trend of disappearance-emergence and disappearance-emergence-disappearance. CONCLUSIONS In the third stage，the total relative percentage of each volatile component and the relative percentage of representative dry component as ， atractylone are the lowest in bleached products of A. ； macrocephala，i.e. the bleaching technology of relieving the dry property of A. macrocephala e with the water of washing rice is bleaching with 9-fold volumn of the water of washing rice for 24 h，and then bleaching with 9-fold volumn of clean water for 12 h.
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Objective: To investigate the expression of ALC1 protein during esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) development and progression, so as to explore its association with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival of ESCC patients, and the effect of ALC1 overexpression on malignant biological behavior of esophageal squamous cells. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect ALC1 protein expression in 245 primary ESCC tissues and their paired normal esophageal mucous membranes, and to determine its correlation to gender, age, tumor cell differentiation, invasion, TNM stage, lymph nodes metastasis, and overall surviv-al rate of ESCC patients. MTT assay, colony formation assay, transwell invasion, and wound healing assay were used to observe the ef-fect of ALC1 on ESCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Results: The expression ratio of ALC1 in esophageal squamous cell car-cinoma was higher compared with that in their paired normal esophageal mucous membranes (41.6% vs . 21.2% , P<0.05). Upregula-tion of ALC1 was associated with ESCC invasion, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The overall survival of ESCC patients with ALC1 overexpression was significantly lower than that in patients with downregulated ALC1 expression (P=0.002). Therefore, ALC1 may promote the proliferation, invasion, and migration of ESCC cells. Conclusions: ALC1 upregulation may play an important role in the progression and development of ESCC. Upregulation of ALC1 leads to poorer disease prognosis, and could promote the prolifera-tion, invasion, and migration of the KYSE30 ESCC cells. Therefore, ALC1 may have potential prognostic value for ESCC patients.
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Objective To investigate the relation between serum level of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 and left ventricular hypertrophy in non dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods One hundred and twenty-four non dialysis patients with CKD were selected. Among them 34 cases were CKD 1-2 stage (CKD 1-2 stage group), 50 cases were CKD 3-4 stage (CKD 3-4 stage group), and 40 cases were CKD 5 stage (CKD 5 stage group). Thirty-two subjects of healthy people were selected as control group. The serum FGF-23, urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and hemoglobulin levels were measured. The cardiac structural parameters were assessed by Doppler echocardiography, which included left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd), interventricular septum thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated by Devereux formula. The patients were diagnosed as left ventricular hypertrophy according to LVMI (male ≥ 125 g/m2, female ≥ 110 g/m2). The relation between FGF-23 and left ventricular hypertrophy was analyzed. Results Among the patients with CKD, left ventricular hypertrophy was in 46 cases (hypertrophy group), non left ventricular hypertrophy was in 78 cases (hypertrophy group), and the incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with CKD was 37.1% (46/124). The lgFGF- 23, lgiPTH and phosphorus levels in hypertrophy group were significantly higher than those in non hypertrophy group:1.69 ± 0.33 vs. 1.50 ± 0.27, 1.98 ± 0.45 vs. 1.74 ± 0.32 and (1.50 ± 0.59) mmol/L vs. (1.27 ± 0.39) mmol/L, the calcium, albumin, hemoglobulin and LVEF levels were significantly lower than those in non hypertrophy group:(2.06 ± 0.24) mmol/L vs. (2.17 ± 0.20) mmol/L, (35.76 ± 4.18) g/L vs. (39.74 ± 5.73) g/L, (96.65 ± 22.66) g/L vs. (117.15 ± 27.67) g/L and (59.62 ± 12.02)%vs. (67.76 ± 6.69)%, and there were statistical differences (P0.05). The incidences of left ventricular hypertrophy and LVMI in CKD 1-2 stage group, CKD 3-4 stage group and CKD 5 stage group were significantly higher than those in control group:11.8%(4/34), 36.0%(18/50) and 60.0% (24/40) vs. 3.1% (1/32), (91.18 ± 16.17), (111.25 ± 27.89) and (124.82 ± 24.80) g/m2 vs. (84.41 ± 13.77) g/m2, those indexes in CKD 3-4 stage group, CKD 5 stage group were significantly higher those in CKD 1-2 stage group, and those indexes in CKD 5 stage group were significantly higher than those in CKD 3-4 stage group, and there were statistical differences (P0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis result showed that LVMI (Y) was negatively correlated with hemoglobulin (X1) and LVEF (X2), and the regression equation was Y = 255.201- 0.424 X1- 1.092 X2. Conclusions The incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy increases gradually with the decline of renal function in non dialysis patients with CKD. The serum level of FGF-23 is related to left ventricular hypertrophy and the degree of heart failure in non dialysis patients with CKD. Anemia and cardiac function state are closely related to left ventricular hypertrophy in non dialysis patients with CKD.
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Objective To explore the reasons and clinical characteristics of gastrointestinal bleeding in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods Clinical data of 28 hemodialysis patients combined with gastrointestinal bleeding were retrospectively analyzed.The reasons and clinical characteristics of gastrointestinal bleeding were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of gastrointestinal bleeding in hemodialysis patients was 20.9%,hemorrhage of upper digestive tract in 23 cases (82.1%)and hemorrhage of lower digestive tract in 5 cases (17.9%).The reasons of hemorrhage of upper digestive tract were mucosal erosion bleeding of gastric esophagus duodenum in 15 cases (65.2%)and peptic ulcer in 8 cases (34.8%).The positive rate of helicobacter pylori infection was 66.7%(12 /18).In 10 cases (35.7%),gastrointestinal bleeding happened within three months after hemodialysis.Vascular access for hemodialysis were used by central venous catheterization in 13 cases (46.4%)and arteriovenous fistula in 15 cases (53.6%).The prognosis of gastrointestinal bleeding in hemodialysis patients were continuing hemodialysis in 23 cases (82.1%),turned to peritoneal dialysis in 2 cases (7.2%)and death in 3 cases (10.7%).Conclusion The major reason of gastrointestinal bleeding in hemodialysis patients is hemorrhage of upper digestive tract.Mucosal erosion bleeding of gastric esophagus duodenum is major in hemorrhage of upper digestive tract.The positive rate of helicobacter pylori infection is higher.More than 1 /3 gastrointestinal bleeding happens within three months after hemodialysis.The prognosis of the majority of patients is good by internal medicine combined therapies and no heparin hemodialysis.
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BACKGROUND: Active bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) reduction can cause severe symptoms like osteoporosis. In addition, there is estrogen receptor (ER) in osteoblast, osteoclast and bone marrow stromal cells, indicating a direct effect of estrogen on bone tissues.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Chinese medicine of Jiangzhi Zhuanggu on BMP-2 and ER expression in rats with prey.hyperlipidemia induced osteoporosis.METHODS: A total of 27 adult SD rats, of either gender, weighing 180-230 g, were randomly divided into three groups. In the normal control group, rats were intragastrically infused with 5 mL/kg normal saline every morning and afternoon. In the model group, the rats were infused with 5 mL/kg high-fat diet in the morning and 5 mL/kg normal saline in the afternoon. In the Chinese medicine group, 5 mL/kg high-fat diet was infused in the morning and 5 mL/kg Chinese medicine of Jiangzhi Zhuanggu water extract in the afternoon. After 8 weeks, expression levels of BMP-2 and ER in bone tissue was detected with immunohistological methods, and ER mRNA level of bone tissue in rats was detected by in situ hybridization.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the BMP-2 and ER expression in the bone tissue was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01), and ER mRNA level increased following Chinese medicine treatment. Results show that Chinese medicine of Jiangzhi Zhuanggu could increase BMP-2 and ER expression in the osteoporosis bone tissue, and improve osteoporosis effectively.
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Objective To study the application of retrograde puncture in intravenous transfusion for patients with galactophore cancer. Methods Self compare was adopted,30 cases with galactophore cancer which have put up four cycles intravenous chemotherapy in all 120 intravenous punctures were divided into observation group and control group. Observation group adopted retrograde puncture; control group were given traditional operation. Smooth transfu-sion and the rate of phlebitis and comfort in intravenous chemotherapy in two groups were compared. Results There are significandy different in two groups, observation group is higher in smooth transfusion and comfort (P < 0.05), low-er the rate of phlebitis (P < 0.01) than that of control group. Conclusion Retrograde puncture had good effect in in-travenoas chemotherapy of galactophore cancer,it may be generalized.
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Objective To study osteoporosis associated with hyperlipidemia;To research high cholesterol se-rum and Jiangzhizhuanggu-containing serum intervention rat bone marrow stromal cells BMP-2 expression changes. Methods Adult rat femur by density gradient centrifugation separation of bone marrow stromal cells, cultured cells to the third generation, and was identified by flow cytometry. The third generation cells, were randomly divided into three groups. Normal serum control group: two percent blank senun (volume ratio); High cholesterol serum injury group: fi-nal concentration of 4 mmol/L, high cholesterol serum; medicine + pretreatment serum high cholesterol serum injury, group :2% senun Chinese medicine(volume ratio) after pretreatment 2 hours + final concentration of 4 mmol/L, high cholesterol serum. Total RNA was isolated from cells recovered. BMP-2 mRNA expression was detected. And analyzed statistically. Results (1) Blank serum compared with the control group,high cholesterol serum cultured bone mar-row stromal cells proliferation was inhibited. BMP-2 mRNA expression significantly decreased(P < 0.01) . (2) Jiang-zhizhuanggu solution containing serum protection two hours later to join a high cholesterol serum group, the cell growth conditions improved significantly, BMP-2 mRNA expression significantly increased than pure high cholesterol serum injured group(P <0.01) . Conclusion Solution's Jiangzhizhuanggu containing serum can enhance high cholesterol serum environment bone manow stromal cells BMP-2 mRNA expression, significantly improved bone marrow stromal cell growth state is conducive to the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Objective To know the drinking water safety of water plants in Zhejiang and to provide the scientific data for government decision-making.Methods By the nonrandom sampling,the water plants were selected,103 in 2002,102 in 2003, 138 in 2004,419 in 2005,and 555 in 2006.The quality of tap water,product water and source water was determined according to the related standards.Results The eligible rate of product water and tap water in 2002 was 85.4%and 81.7%respectively,in 2003 it was 83.3%and 90.2%respectively,in 2004 it was 70.9%and 69.9%respectively,in 2005 it was 62.5%and 73.5% respectively,in 2006 it was 36.8%and 48.4%respectively.The eligible rate of source water was 68.1%.Conclusion The main problem in drinking water safety in Zhejiang is that the water supply systems in the rural areas are not good enough,no water treatment and disinfection is still common.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of Tanreqing injection in the treatment of children's viral pneumonia.METHODS:A total of sixty children with viral pneumonia were randomly divided into 2 groups:the treatment group(n=30)were treated with Tanreqing injection(20mL)plus Glucose(250mL)qd for 7d while the control group(n=30)with Cibavirin(10～15mg?kg-1)plus Glucose(250mL)bid for 7d.The primary outcome measures were clinical efficacy and adverse drug effects(ADRs).RESULTS:The effective rate was 100% in the treatment group as compared with 80% in the control group,showing significant differences between the two groups(P