Progress on pharmacological mechanism of active components of Chinese materia medica on silicosis / 环境与职业医学

By the end of 2021, a total of 915000 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis and 450000 existing cases have been reported nationwide. Silicosis is a common and serious pneumoconiosis disease caused by long-term inhalation of large amounts of free silica dust and extensive nodular fibrosis in the lungs. Because its specific pathogenic mechanism has not been elucidated and the relevant research progress is slow, there is still a lack of effective therapeutic and interventional drugs. With the increase of national attention and the unique advantages of Chinese materia medica in the treatment of silicosis, more and more studies have been conducted on the treatment of silicosis with active ingredients of Chinese materia medica in China, but most of them are still in preclinical research stage. This article mainly introduced the pharmacological action and mechanism of selected active components of Chinese materia medica in the intervention of silicosis from three aspects: anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and intervention of apoptosis, providing ideas for subsequent research and development of new drugs for silicosis. This article argues, it is considered that some traditional Chinese medicines must observe the pathological changes in the treatment of silicosis in the overall animal experiment, clarify their pharmacodynamic effects, and further study the multiple targets and pathways involved in them to elucidate their specific mechanisms of action. At the same time, it can strengthen the analysis of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, or modify the structure of active ingredients, and then enhance its pharmacological activity in the treatment of silicosis, realizing the transformation of preclinical research stage to the results of clinical research.

Identification and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder among Chinese children in early stage / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate and explore the changes of the diagnosis of Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).@*Methods@#The families of two groups of children aged 1-6 and 6-16 years who were diagnosed with ASD were selected from ALSOLIFE platform, and the online questionnaire was used to investigate the symptoms and its diagnosis related information. ANOVA was applied to compare the mean values, and χ 2 analysis was taken to compare the differences of two groups in the time of finding symptoms, the time of the first diagnosis, the time of treatment, and the diagnosis delayment.@*Results@#The initial recognition age of symptoms was 26.05 months age (2.17 years) in the young group (1-6 years), and 30.76 months age (2.56 years) in the old group (6-16 years). The age of first visit doctor was 28.21 months age (2.35 years) in the young group and 34.29 months (2.86 years) in the old group, while the average delay was only 3.43 months, of which the average delay was 4.52 months in the old group and 2.78 months in the young group. The age of diagnosed as ASD was 38.01 months age (3.17 years) in the young group and 31.07 months age (2.59 years) in the old group, while the average delay from first diagnosis to last diagnosis was 3.16 months. The delay from first diagnosis to last one was 3.71 months age in old age group, and 2.83 for the younger age group, The above differences were statistically significant ( F =328.30, 535.64, 507.71, 103.03, 17.79, P <0.01). Most of the children were still in the top hospitals to get diagnosed, but the role of child care was becoming more and more important.@*Conclusion@#The diagnosis efficiency of ASD children has been greatly improved, the time of symptom identification and diagnosis is advanced, and the delay of seeing a doctor and diagnosis is shortened.

The Cause of Rapid Thrombocytopenia and Organ Hemorrhage in Congenital Heart Disease Patients After Interventional Occlusion / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To study the cause of rapid thrombocytopenia and organ hemorrhage in congenital heart disease (CHD) patients after interventional occlusion. Methods: A total of 665 CHD patients received interventional occlusion in our hospital from 2011-01 to 2015-12 were enrolled. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the defects: Atrial septal defect (ASD) group,n=100, Ventricular septal defect (VSD) group,n=100 and Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) group,n=465. Pre- and post-interventional occlusion platelet levels, the relationship between PDA occluder diameter and platelet counts were compared. Pressure difference between both sides of occluder was randomly measured in a part of patients including 50 in ASD group, 50 in VSD group and 102 in PDA group. Based on occluder diameter, the 102 PDA patients were further divided into 2 subgroups: Giant PDA,n=42 and Medium-small PDA,n=60; pressure differences between both sides of occluder were compared between 2 subgroups. Results: No severe thrombocytopenia and organ hemorrhage occurred in ASD group or VSD group. PDA group had 36/465 (7.74%) patients with severe thrombocytopenia, 18 (3.87%) with organ hemorrhage and all of them occurred in giant PDA subgroup; the diameter of PDA occluder was negatively related to post-operative to platelet counts (r=-0.659,P=0.001). For pressure difference on both sides of occluder, compared with prior operation, PDA group showed increased systolic and diastolic pressure differences and increased mean pressure difference at immediately post operation, allP< 0.05; systolic pressure difference in VSD group was (56.57±15.33) mmHg, in Medium-small PDA subgroup was (58.33±26.65) mmHg and in Giant PDA subgroup was (94.66±27.62) mmHg which was much higher than those in VSD group and Medium-small PDA subgroup, allP<0.01. Conclusion: Rapid thrombocytopenia and organ hemorrhage in CHD after interventional occlusion only happened in giant PDA patients. High pressure difference formed high-speed ifltration blood lfow which may cause scouring damage on platelets and it was the main reason for thrombocytopenia occurrence.

Alleviation of cerebrovascular spasm by cervical sympathetic ganglia block after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats / 中华创伤杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the role and mechanism of cervical sympathetic ganglia block in alleviation of cerebrovascular spasm (CVS) of rabbits after subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ).Methods A total of 18 healthy male white rabbits whose cervical sympathetic ganglia were successfully blocked were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation group (Group A),SAH group (Group B) and SAH with cervical sympathetic ganglia block group (Group C).Venous blood (2 ml) and cerebrospinal fluid (2 ml) were obtained before the first blood injection ( T1 ),at 30 minutes after injection ( T2 ) and at day 7 after injection ( T3 ),respectively,and conserved in a low temperature refrigerator for spare use.Basilar artery value at T1,T2 and T3 was measured via cerebral angiography.The degree of damage to nervous system at T3 was recorded.ResultsThere was no significant difference in diameter of basilar artery at T1 among three groups.At T2 and T3,the diameters of basilar artery of Groups B and C were shorter than that of Group A,with Group B shorter than Group C,with statistical differences ( P ＜0.01 ).There were no significant differences in NO and NOS in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid at T1 among three groups (P＞0.05).NO and NOS contents at T2 and T3 were lower than those at T1,with Group A lower than Groups B and C,with statistical differences (P＜0.01 ).At T3,the nerve function of Groups B and C were better than that of Group A,with Group C better than Group B ( P ＜0.01 ).Conclusion Cervical sympathetic ganglia block relieves CVS,increases NO content and NOS activity in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid and promotes neural functional recovery after SAH.