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Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） has emerged as a significant public health concern， posing a serious threat to the lives and health of residents in China. Furthermore， the incidence and mortality rates of HCC are notably higher in males than in females. Androgen receptors （AR） can contribute to the occurrence of male-specific cancers such as prostate cancer， suggesting a potential link to the increased susceptibility of males to HCC. Elucidating the cancer-promoting mechanism of AR and developing specific targeted interventions are effective ways to advance tertiary prevention of HCC and improve patient prognosis. This paper reviews the relevant evidence of AR’s role in promoting the occurrence and development of HCC， summarizes relevant mechanisms discovered to date， including promoting the stemness of HCC cells， altering the immune microenvironment， regulating key signaling pathways， inducing glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma， and synergizing with hepatitis B virus to promote HCC. Additionally， research directions for targeted interventions in HCC through AR-related signaling pathways are discussed.
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Objective To observe the relationship between the suturing patterns to close the scleral incision and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) in 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy.Methods Eighty eyes of 80 patients with vitreoretinal diseases,who were treated with primary 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy,were enrolled in this prospective clinical study.Patients with poor closed scleral incision which need suturing were excluded from this study.The corrected visual acuity ranged from hand movement to 0.2.The IOP ranged from 7.9 to 19.8 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),with the mean of (13.9±1.8)mm Hg.The eyes were randomly divided into three groups:group A (20 eyes),suturing all three scleral puncture after vitrectomy; group B (20 eyes),suturing only two upper scleral puncture,but not the lower infusion puncture after vitrectomy; group C (40 eyes),no suturing for all 3 scleral puncture after vitrectomy.All patients underwent 23G vitrectomy only.The corrected visual acuity and IOP were observed after surgery.Results The corrected visual acuity were 0.1 0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3-0.8 in one,seven and 14 days after surgery,respectively.No one in group A,B experienced hypotony in one,three,seven and 14 days after surgery.Thirteen (32.5％),five (12.5 ％),two eyes (5.0％) in group C experienced hypotony in one,three and seven days after surgery.Seven eyes (17.5％) experienced severe hypotony (＜5 mm Hg)in 14 day after surgery in group C.The difference was statistically significant compared the incidence of hypotony in group C with group A,B respectively at different time points after surgery (xx2 =16.82,P=0.007).The difference was statistically significant compared the incidence of hypotony in group C at different time points after surgery (x2 =11.64,P=0.003).The difference was no significant compared the IOP between group A and B at different time points after surgery (F=1.618,P=0.205).Compared the IOP of group C to group A and B,the difference was statistically significant in one and three days after vitrectomy (F=9.351,P=0.000); but not statistically significant in seven and 14 days after vitrectomy (F=0.460,P=0.633).Conclusions Whether or not suturing the scleral punctures is closely related to postoperative hypotony in 23G vitrectomy.Suturing only the two upper scleral punctures can reduce the occurrence of postoperative hypotony.