Craniofacial anatomical Characteristics of patients with catathrenia / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To analyze whether the upper airway of patients with catathrenia has obstructive manifestations using nasal resistance, craniofacial, and upper airway imaging methods, which could benefit the exploration of the etiology and treatment options. Methods: From August 2012 to September 2019, a total of 57 patients with catathrenia in the Department of Orthodontics at Peking University Hospital of Stomatology were included in the study, including 22 males and 35 females, aged (31.1±10.9) years, with a body mass index of (21.7±2.7) kg/m2. All the patients were diagnosed by full-night polysomnography at the Sleep Division, Peking University People's Hospital, of which 10 patients were combined with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). The median groaning index of patients was 4.8 (1.8, 13.0) events/h. Nasal resistance and cone-beam CT were conducted on the patients, and measurements were performed on the craniofacial structures, upper airway, and surrounding soft tissues, compared with non-snoring normal occlusion individuals' references published by the same research team (144 college students recruited at Peking University and 100 non-snoring young adults with normal occlusion recruited at six universities in Beijing). Results: The total nasal resistance of patients with catathrenia was (0.26±0.08) Pa·cm-3·s-1. The patients had overall well-developed mandibular hard tissues. However, the patients were found with increased FH/BaN (steep anterior cranial base plane), increased MP/FH (forward rotation of the mandible); increased U1/NA and L1/MP (proclined upper and lower incisors). The sagittal diameter of the velopharynx [(19.2±4.5) mm] was significantly larger than the normal reference (t=8.44, P<0.001), while the sagittal diameter at the hypopharynx [(17.4±6.4) mm] was statistically smaller than the normal reference (t=-2.79, P=0.006). Catarhrenia patients combined with OSAHS presented longer soft palate, tongue, and lower hyoid bone than those with primary catathrenia. Conclusions: In patients with catathrenia, the overall craniofacial characteristics are well-developed skeletal structures, lower nasal resistance, proclined upper and lower incisors, wide upper sagittal development of the upper airway and narrow hypopharynx. Groaning sounds might be related to the narrowing of the hypopharynx during sleep.

Shoulder MRI evaluation of the association of os acromiale with supraspinatus and infraspinatus injury / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the MRI findings of os acromiale and to analyze the relationship between os acromiale and the supraspinatus and infraspinatus injury.@*METHODS@#From January 2010 to August 2020, 21 patients with os acromiale (os arcomiale group) were compared with 21 subjects with no evidence of os acromiale (no os arcomiale group). There were 14 males and 7 females in the os arcomiate group, aged from 29 to 77 years old, mean aged (55.5±11.5) years old. While in the control group, there were 10 males and 11 females in no os arcomiale group, aged from 31 to 70 years old, mean aged (51.1±10.0) years old. The os acromiales were classified as edematous os acromiale or non-edematous os acromiale based on whether the presence of marrow edema, and as displaced os acromiale or non-displaced os acromiale based on whether the presence of displacement of the os acromiale. The MRI features of os acromiale were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed to identify the differences between the os arcomiale group and no os arcomiale group regarding rotator cuff tear, supraspinatus and infraspinatus injury. Differences in the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tear between the edematous and non-edematous os acromiale group, the displaced and non-displaced os acromiale group, the displaced os acromiale and no os arcomiale group were also assessed.@*RESULTS@#On MRI, all the 21 os acromiales appeared as a triangular or irregular bone fragment of the distal acromion, and forms a pseudo-acromioclavicular joint with the acromion. Eleven cases were edematous os acromiale, 11 cases were displaced os acromiale. In the os arcomiale group, 17 had supraspinatus tear, 1 had supraspinatus tendinitis, 11 had infraspinatus tear, and 4 had infraspinatus tendinitis. In the no os arcomiale group, 11 had supraspinatus tear, 2 had supraspinatus tendinitis, 5 had infraspinatus tear, and 1 had infraspinatus tendinitis. No statistically significant difference between the os arcomiale group and no os arcomiale group regarding the rotator cuff tear, supraspinatus and infraspinatus injury (P>0.05). In the 11 cases of edematous os arcomiale, 10 had supraspinatus tear and 7 had infraspinatus tear. In the 10 cases of non-edematous os acromiale, 7 had supraspinatus tear and 4 had infraspinatus tear. No statistically significant difference was noted between the edematous os acromiale and non-edematous os acromiale in terms of supraspinatus and infraspinatus tear (P>0.05). In the 11 cases of displaced os acromiale, 11 had supraspinatus tear and 9 had infraspinatus tear. In the 10 cases of non-displaced os acromiale, 6 had supraspinatus tear and 2 had infraspinatus tear. In the no os arcomiale group, 11 had supraspinatus tear and 5 had infraspinatus tear. There was a statistically significant increases in the prevalence of supraspinatus and infraspinatus tear in the displaced os acromiale group compared with non-displaced os acromiale group, the displaced os acromiale group and no os arcomiale group(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Shoulder MRI can very well depict os acromiale and can reveal associated abnormalities such as adjacent bone marrow edema, displaced deformity, and rotator cuff tear, and it can be used to assess the stability of the os acromiale. The presence of os acromiale may not increase the risk of supraspinatus and infraspinatus tear significantly. However, the presence of displaced os acromiale is at greater risk of supraspinatus and infraspinatus tear.

A method for measuring the ADCP potency of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody / 药学学报

A method to measure the antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) potency of anti-CD38 mAb was developed based on design of experiment (DoE) with a Jurkat/NFAT/CD32a-FcεRIγ transgenic cell line as the effector cell, the Daudi cell line as the target cells, and luciferase as the detection system. The DoE method was used for optimization of experimental parameters and methodological validation. The results show that anti-CD38 mAb exhibits a dose-response relationship with the following four-parameter equation: y = (A - D) / [1 + (x / C)B] + D. Several experimental parameters were optimized by statistical experimental design and determined as follows: the working concentration of anti-CD38 mAb was 800-20.81 ng·mL-1, the density of the target cells was 7.5×104 per well, and the density of effector cells was 2.5×104 per well, with an induction time of 6 h. The method showed good specificity. The recovery rate for samples from 5 different groups showed that the relative potencies of anti-CD38 mAb were (59.97 ± 4.74) %, (82.44 ± 5.15) %, (110.69 ± 11.71) %, (129.23 ± 5.22)% and (162.15 ± 3.66) %. The recoveries ranged from 103% to 120% and the RSDs of the above results were all less than 11%. The linear detection range was 50%-150%. Based on DoE design, this method for measuring ADCP potency of anti-CD38 mAb was optimized and validated with good specificity, repeatability and accuracy. This method can be used for evaluation of ADCP biological activity of anti-CD38 mAbs.

Interlaboratory method validation of HPLC-FMA for determination of polysorbate 80 in monoclonal antibodies / 药学学报

The high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence micelle assay (HPLC-FMA) method for the content determination of polysorbate 80 in monoclonal antibody drugs was validated to study its applicability and transferability between various laboratories, and the feasibility to be included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Both J.T. Baker and Nanjing Well-sourced polysorbate 80 was used in the collaborative validation of polysorbate 80 content analysis in seven different laboratories. The results show that when the protein concentration was no more than 20 mg·mL-1 and the concentration of polysorbate 80 ranged from 0.05 to 0.5 mg·mL-1, the method had good specificity. The recovery rates of the spiked samples ranged from 92.20% to 117.70% for J.T.Baker and from 93.90% to 117.20% for Nanjing Well. The intra-laboratory precision (%RSD) was less than 4.30% for J.T. Baker, and less than 2.60% for Nanjing Well, while the overall precision was less than 5.45% for J.T. Baker, and less than 6.70% for Nanjing Well. The linear correlation coefficient was more than 0.98 for J.T. Baker and more than 0.99 for Nanjing Well. The results of the collaborative validation prove that the HPLC-FMA method has good accuracy, precision, linearity, and specificity, and could be used for release control analysis of polysorbate 80 content in monoclonal antibodies across different laboratories.

Protective Effect of Ficus pandurata Extract on Alcohol-induced Acute Liver Injury Base on Pyroptosis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the protective effect of Ficus pandurata extract on acute alcoholic liver injury based on pyroptosis mechanism.Method:The 56 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group， model control group， positive control group（60 mg·kg-1）， fresh medicine water extract group（48 g·kg-1）， dry drug water extract group（48 g·kg-1），dry drug 50% alcohol extract group（48 g·kg-1） and dry drug 95% alcohol extract group （48 g·kg-1）， 8 mice in each group.Positive control and different solvent extract groups of Ficus tenuifolia were intragastrically administrated for 18 days，once a day，while normal group and model group were given the same volume of pure water intragastrically. After 15 days of continuous gavage， mice received 50％ ethanol（12 mL·kg-1）intragastrically for 3 days to induce acute alcoholic liver injury model except for the normal control group. At 14 h after the last treatment，serum and liver samples were obtained，the serum content of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate transaminase（AST） were determined， the histopathologic changes of the hepatic tissues were observed by hematoxylin ecosin（HE） staining.The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver was determined by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and the content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined by microplate method. Western blot and TUNEL assay kit was used to detect the cell pyroptosis rate.Result:Compared with normal group， ALT， AST， MDA and LDH levels in the model group were significantly increased， liver index was significantly increased，TUNEL staining positive， inflammatory factors and pyroptosis related protein expressions were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with model control group， the ALT，AST ，MDA and LDH of the drug intervention group decreased significantly （P<0.05）. The liver index decreased in different degrees， and the expression of inflammatory factors and pyroptosis related protein in the water extract treatment group decreased significantly （P<0.05）.Conclusion:The root extract of Ficus pandurata Hance has protective effect on acute alcoholic liver injury， and the mechanism of water extract might relate to inhibiting hepatocyte pyroptosis.

Prevention of pneumothorax in CT-guided thoracic sympathetic nerve block / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To explore the measures for prevention of pneumothorax in CT-guided thoracic sympathetic block.Methods:The clinical data of 769 patients with hyperhidrosis or Raynaud syndrome treated with CT-guided chemical destructive block of thoracic sympathetic nerve chain in Jiaxing First Hospital from January 2010 to December 2017 were retrospective analyzed. The CT-guided thoracic sympathetic nerve block puncture was performed with a special blunt needle outside the wall pleura above the caput costae following the principle of "safe distance" and "advance only". After exclusion of pneumothorax by CT scan, 2.5 ml of absolute ethanol mixed with 30% iohexol 0.25 ml was injected on both sides of thoracic sympathetic nerve chain.Results:The punctures were successfully performed in all 769 patients (1 538 nerve chain segments) and no pneumothorax occurred. After treatment with absolute ethanol injection, Horner syndrome occurred in 31 patients, which disappeared after injecting saline into the stellate ganglion; and intercostal neuralgia occurred in 188 patients after surgery, which was healed in 1 to 3 months.Conclusion:It is suggested that pneumothorax can be avoided through CT guidance, using appropriate needles and puncture techniques during the procedure of thoracic sympathetic nerve chain block.

Dose-response relationship of anhydrous ethanol for celiac plexus block performed under CT guidance in treating intractable upper abdominal cancer pain / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To determine the dose-response relationship of anhydrous ethanol for celiac plexus block performed under CT guidance in treating intractable upper abdominal cancer pain.Methods:One hundred patients of both sexes with intractable upper abdominal cancer pain, aged 39-89 yr, weighing 37-64 kg, of visual analog scale score≥7, scheduled for elective celiac plexus block performed under CT guidance, were divided into 5 groups ( n=20 each) by a random number table method: mixture of different doses of anhydrous ethanol plus iohaeol groups (R 1-R 5 groups). T 12-L 1 interspace was located first.The needle was inserted at the level of T 12-L 1 interspace.The points of needle entry were determined by CT.On the left side, a needle was inserted, and the tip slid off the vertebral body anterolaterally until it reached the left slide of aorta and left crus of diaphragm.On the right side, a needle was inserted and advanced until the anterior side of the vertebral body between the right crura of diaphragm.One percent lidocaine hydrochloride 2 ml containing contrast agent (30% iodohydramol injection 0.4 ml) was injected through the left and right needle.At 20 min after CT showed that the liquid injected had been met and wrapped around the abdominal aorta, the mixture of anhydrous ethanol 8 ml (R 1 group), 10 ml (R 2 group), 12 ml (R 3 group), 14 ml (R 4 group), 16 ml (R 5 group) and iodinitol (iodinitol∶anhydrous ethanol=1∶5) was injected through the left and right needle.Effective block was defined as the visual analog scale score of superior abdominal pain≤3 and decrease in systolic pressure by more than 20% compared with the preoperative level at 10 min after the abdominal plexus block with anhydrous ethanol.The ED 50, ED 95 and 95% confidence interval of celiac plexus block in treating intractable upper abdominal cancer pain were calculated by Probit analysis. Results:The ED 50 and ED 95 (95% confidence interval) of celiac plexus block in treating refractory upper abdominal cancer pain were 11.937 (10.959-12.939) ml and 19.665 (17.448-24.212) ml, respectively. Conclusion:The ED 50 and ED 95 of anhydrous ethanol for celiac plexus block performed under CT guidance in treating intractable upper abdominal cancer pain are 11.937 ml and 19.665 ml, respectively.

Ecology suitability study of Polygonatum cyrtonema / 中国中药杂志

Using the 260 geographical distribution records of Polygonatum cyrtonema in China, combined with 53 environmental factors, the maximum entropy modeling(MaxEnt) was used to study the ecological factors affecting the suitability distribution of P. cyrtonema. The ArcGIS software was used to predict the potential distribution of the population of P. cyrtonema. The dominant factors were chosen by using the Jackknife test and the Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the simulation. The results showed that high value of area under curve(AUC) denoted good results, which significantly differed from random predictions. Based on the evaluation criterion, the accuracies of the predictions of P. cyrtonema potential distribution in the current periods were excellent. The main environmental factors affecting the suitable growth of P. cyrtonema were the monthly precipitation, the wettest monthly precipitation, the annual average temperature range and the precipitation of November, March, February, April, May and October. There are 9 environmental factors in soil type. The potential fitness of P. cyrtonema in China is high, mainly concentra-ted in Hunan, western Hubei, Guangdong, northeastern Guangxi, southeastern Guizhou, Jiangxi, southwestern Anhui, Fujian, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, southwestern Henan and Chongqing. The growth distribution of the potential distribution area of P. cyrtonema was divided, and the zoning map of the growth suitability of P. cyrtonema was formed. Through the comparative analysis of the potential distribution range based on MaxEnt and the distribution range of literature records, the understanding of the distribution range of P. cyrtonema was expanded.

Treatment satisfaction with rheumatoid arthritis in patients with different disease severity and financial burden: A subgroup analysis of a nationwide survey in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Despite the recent advances in treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there are still unmet needs in disease outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the satisfaction with drug therapies for RA according to the levels of disease severity (patient-assessed) and proportions of treatment cost to household income.@*METHODS@#This was a subgroup study of a cross-sectional study in patients with RA and their physicians. The patients were subdivided into different subgroups based on their self-assessed severity of RA and on the proportions of treatment cost to household income (50%). The Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication version II was used to assess patients' treatment satisfaction.@*RESULTS@#When considering all medications, effectiveness, convenience, and global satisfaction scores were lower in the severe and moderate RA subgroups than those in the mild and extremely mild RA subgroups (all P 50% subgroup (all P 50% subgroups (F = 12.646, P = 0.005). Global satisfaction score was higher in the <10% subgroup than that in the 31% to 50% subgroup (F = 8.794, P = 0.032).@*CONCLUSION@#Higher disease severity and higher financial burden were associated with lower patient satisfaction.

Dose-response relationship of ropivacaine for paravertebral nerve block in treating acute severe herpetic neuralgia / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To determine the dose-response relationship of ropivacaine for paravertebral nerve block in treating acute severe herpetic neuralgia.Methods One hundred patients with herpetic neuralgia,with the course of disease ≤ 1 month,of numeric rating scale score ≥ 7 points,scheduled for elective paravertebral nerve block with ropivacaine under ultrasound guidance,were divided into 5 groups n=20 each) using a random number table method:5 different concentrations of ropivacaine groups R1.5 groups).The herpes zoster-affected thoracic spinal nerves were identified,and the mixture 5 ml was injected into the paravertebral space corresponding to the spinal nerves.The mixture solution contained ropivacaine with the concentrations of 0.075 0％ (group R1),0.112 5％ (group R2),0.150 0％ (group R3),0.187 5％ (group R4) and 0.225 0％ (group R5),compound betamethasone 1 ml,and mecobalamin injection 1 ml diluted to 20 ml with normal saline.Effective block was defined as numeric rating scale score≤ 1 point at 10 min after paravertebral nerve block with ropivacaine.The median effective concentration (EC50),95％ effective concentration (EC9s) and 95％ confidence interval of ropivacaine for paravertebral nerve block in treating acute severe shingles neuralgia were calculated by Probit analysis.Results The EC50 and EC95 (95％ confidence interval) of ropivacaine for paravertebral nerve block in treating acute severe shingles neuralgia were 0.150 0％ (0.097 0％-0.216 0％) and 0.216 0％ (0.175 0％-0.541 0％),respectively.Conclusion The EC50and EC95 of ropivacaine for paravertebral nerve block in treating acute severe herpetic neuralgia are 0.150 0％ and 0.216 0％,respectively.

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody predicts the development of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with undifferentiated arthritis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Clinical outcomes of undifferentiated arthritis (UA) are diverse, and only 40% of patients with UA develop rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after 3 years. Discovering predictive markers at disease onset for further intervention is critical. Therefore, our objective was to analyze the clinical outcomes of UA and ascertain the predictors for RA development.@*METHODS@#We performed a prospective, multi-center study from January 2013 to October 2016 among Chinese patients diagnosed with UA in 22 tertiary-care hospitals. Clinical and serological parameters were obtained at recruitment. Follow-up was undertaken in all patients every 12 weeks for 2 years. Predictive factors of disease progression were identified using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression.@*RESULTS@#A total of 234 patients were recruited in this study, and 17 (7.3%) patients failed to follow up during the study. Among the 217 patients who completed the study, 83 (38.2%) patients went into remission. UA patients who developed RA had a higher rheumatoid factor (RF)-positivity (42.9% vs. 16.8%, χ = 8.228, P = 0.008), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody-positivity (66.7% vs. 10.7%, χ = 43.897, P < 0.001), and double-positivity rate of RF and anti-CCP antibody (38.1% vs. 4.1%, χ = 32.131, P < 0.001) than those who did not. Anti-CCP antibody but not RF was an independent predictor for RA development (hazard ratio 18.017, 95% confidence interval: 5.803-55.938; P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#As an independent predictor of RA, anti-CCP antibody should be tested at disease onset in all patients with UA.

Analysis of chloroplast genome and its characteristics of medicinal plant Sophora flavescens / 药学学报

In order to explore the chloroplast genome characteristics of Sophora flavescens and the phylogenetic relationship of the genus, this study used high-throughput sequencing technology to sequence and functionally annotate the chloroplast genome of Sophora flavescens. The results showed that the full length 154 165 bp of Sophora flavescens chloroplast genome showed a typical four-stage structure. The chloroplast genome contains 123 genes, including 77 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. Sequence analysis revealed 104 SSR loci, most of which consisted of A and T. In addition, the chloroplast genome codon preference is weak, and the coding region is biased towards the use of A and T bases. A comparative analysis of two different regions of Sophora flavescens chloroplast genome revealed four differential genes. Based on the maximum likelihood method (ML) for phylogenetic analysis of Sophora flavescens and 16 other leguminous, it was found that the relationship between Sophora flavescens and the genus Sophora alopecuroides is the closest. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the genetic variation, breeding and phylogenetic analysis of Sophora flavescens, and has certain reference value.

Analysis on the efficacy of hypertonic sugar local injection in the treatment of lymphatic leakage after cervical lymph node dissection for thyroid cancer / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hypertonic glucose injection on patients with chylous leakage after neck dissection.METHODS: The clinical data of 9 patients with postoperative chylous fistula after the lymph node dissection of thyroid cancer from February 2017 to December 2018 in the Department of Thyroid Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were collected and analyzed.RESULTS: As for 9 patients with intractable chylous fistula,8 patients were finally cured and had the drainage tube removed.Three patients decreased significantly by over 50% on next day after hypertonic glucose injection.Four patients decreased significantly by over 50% on next two daysafter hypertonic glucose injection.One patient had to have another one operation to cure chylous fistula.CONCLUSION: In patients with chylous fistula after thyroid cancer surgery,local injection of hypertonic glucose seems to be more effective in shortening time of drainage tube remining,which would promote wound healing and release pains.

Clinical efficacy of anterior cervical plate fixation for type II and type II A Hangman’s fracture / 医学研究生学报

Objective　There are still disputes about the clinical treatment of type II and type II A Hangman’s fracture. The article aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of anterior cervical plate fixation for type II and type II A Hangman’s fracture.　Methods　Seventeen patients with type II and type II A Hangman’s fracture combined with intervertebral disc injury were analyzed in our department from January 2013 to August 2017, including 12 males and 5 females, aged from 27 to 76 years old, with an average age of 54.9 years. The operative time and intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage were recorded. The effectiveness was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) for occipitocervical pain, and the Neck Disability Index (NDI) score for cervical vertebra function. Radiological indices (C2/3 local kyphotic angle, C2 translation) and bone graft fusion were evaluated by X-ray.　Results　All the patients were followed up successfully. No cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred during the operation. There were no broken nails, broken slab, and loose internal fixation. All the patients were almost free from occipitocervical pain and neurological function of all patients improved partially. The VAS and NDI scores were significantly improved at 3 months after operation and one year when compared with preoperative scores (P<0.05). The C2/3 local kyphotic angle was corrected significantly with the mean preoperative 12.24±2.17 degrees, initial postoperative -2.12±3.20 degrees and the latest follow-up -1.88±2.67 degrees respectively (P<0.05). The C2 translation was also corrected significantly with the mean preoperative 3.47±1.46 mm, initial postoperative 1.02±0.63 mm, and the latest follow-up 1.21±0.56 mm respectively (P<0.05). All the patients had good bone graft fusion.　Conclusion　For type II and type II A Hangman’s fracture, the method of anterior cervical plate fixation can effectively restore cervical curvature and reconstruct cervical stability, which is featured by the advantage of less trauma, fewer complications and faster recovery.

Effects of downregulated pregnane X receptor on glutamate-induced expression and activity of P-glycoprotein in the mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of downregulated pregnane X receptor (PXR)on expression and activity of P-glycoprotein(P-gp)in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (mBMEC)exposed to glutamate (GLU)to mimic conditions during seizures. Methods The bEnd.3 cells,were cultured in vitro and treated with culture medium containing 0 μmol,10 μmol,50 μmol,100 μmol GLU for 30 min and exposed to 100 μM GLU for different durations (0 min,15 min,30 min). With PXR knockdown using siRNA,the cells were divided into NC siRNA plus GLU group and siRNA-PXR plus GLU group. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of P-gp and PXR in each group. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect localization of PXR in cells. The expression of P-gp mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR. Rhodamine123 (Rh123)accumulation assay was used to study the activity of the P-gp in cells.Results PXR and P-gp protein expressions in the 50 μmol and 100 μmol GLU group were significantly higher than that in the blank group(P＜0.05),especially maximal expressions occurred in the 100 μmol GLU group. GLU exposures as short as 15 min and 30 min significantly increased PXR expressions(all P＜0.05);P-gp expression in the 30 min groups was higher than that in the blank group (P＜0.05 ). The data of immunofluorescence analysis suggested that the PXR nuclear accumulation increased in the 100 μM GLU group, compared with the blank group(P＜0.05). Compared with NC siRNA plus GLU group,the protein level of PXR was decreased by approximately 37%[(1.00 ± 0.00)vs(0.63 ± 0.18);t＝3.41,P＝0.02]and the levels of P-gp protein and mRNA were respectively decreased by 43%[(1.00 ± 0.00)vs (0.57 ± 0.09);t＝7.94,P＝0.00] and 52%[(1.00 ± 0.04)vs (0.48 ± 0.08);t ＝10.98,P＝0.00]in the siRNA-PXR plus GLU group. The fluorescence intensity of intracellular Rh123 in the GLU group (0.72 ± 0.01)was lower than that in the blank group [(1.00 ± 0.03);t ＝9.66,P＝0.00]. The fluorescence intensity of Rh123 in the GLU plus verapamil (P-gp inhibitor)group (1.07 ± 0.04)was higher than that in the GLU group (t＝ －11.93,P＝0.00). The fluorescence intensity of Rh123 in the siRNA-PXR plus GLU group (0.91 ± 0.03)was higher than that in the NC siRNA plus GLU group[(0.69 ± 0.05);t＝ －7.52,P＝0.00]. Conclusions Downregulation of PXR expression results in the inhibition of P-gp expression and activity in the mBMEC exposed to GLU to mimic seizures. PXR may play an important role in the regulation of seizure-induced expression and activity of P-gp in the blood-brain barrier.

Efficacy of CT-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation treatment through inside versus outside of foramen rotundum for trigeminal maxillary neuralgia / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To compare the efficacy of CT-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) treatment through the inside and outside of the foramen rotundum for primary trigeminal maxillary neuralgia.Methods Forty-eight patients of both sexes,aged 58-75 yr,suffering from primary trigeminal neuralgia the 2nd trigeminal branch pain,scheduled for elective CT-guided trigeminal RFTC,were divided into 2 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:inside of foramen rotundum group and outside of foramen rotundum group.The needle was inserted until the lateral 1/3 of the foramen rotundum was reached under CT guidance in inside of foramen rotundum group or until the outside of the foramen rotundum was reached in outside of foramen rotundum group.High-temperature RFTC 95 ℃ was performed for 120 s,repeating for 2-3 cycles.The current sensory threshold at different frequencies was measured at 1 day before and after operation.Numeric rating scale score was performed at 1 day,30 days,1 yr and 2 yr after operation,effective RFTC treatment was defined as numeric rating scale score≤ 1,and the condition of postoperative effective RFTC treatment was recorded.The development of adverse reactions such as facial hematoma,corneal ulcer,injuring the other branch and cerebrovascular accidents was recorded.Results Compared with outside of foramen rotundum group,the current sensory threshold on the affected side at frequency of 2 000 Hz was significantly increased at 1 day after operation,the rate of effective RFTC treatment was increased 2 yr after operation (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the incidence of postoperative facial hematoma in inside of foramen rotundum group (P＞0.05).Conclusion The long-term curative effect of CT-guided RFTC treatment for primary trigeminal maxillary neuralgia through the inside of the foramen rotundum is better than that through the outside of foramen rotundum.

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma before argon-helium cryoablation: its influence on the prognosis / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral blood in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before argon-helium cryoablation on the patient's prognosis.Methods The related clinical and pathological data of 72 HCC patients,who had received percutaneous argon-helium cryoablation,were retrospectively analyzed.Based on the preoperative NLR value,the patients were divided into low NLR group (NLR＜3.5) and high NLR group (NLR ＞ 3.5).The postoperative overall survival time of the patients in the two groups were statistically analyzed,and the risk factors that might affect the prognosis were evaluated by using univariate and multivariate analysis.Results Argon-helium cryoablation was carried out in all patients.The median overall survival time was 22.4 months;the median overall survival time of the high NLR group and the low NLR group was 13.2 months and 24.2 months respectively,the difference in the overall survival time between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.003).Univariate analysis showed that the primary tumor size,liver function Child-Pugh classification,albumin,total bilirubin,cholinesterase and NLR value were the related factors that affected the postoperative overall survival time of HCC after argon-helium cryoablation (P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed that the primary tumor size and NLR value were the independent prognostic factors that affected the postoperative overall survival time of HCC after argon-helium cryoablation (P＜0.05).Conclusion Preoperative NLR value in peripheral blood can be used as a prognostic indicator for patients with HCC undergoing argonhelium cryoablation;the larger the primary hepatic lesion is and/or the higher the NLR value is,the worse the prognosis of the patient will be.

Asymmetric oxidation synthesis of esomeprazole sodium:research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Esomeprazole sodium is a widely used proton pump inhibitor which is mainly applied to the treatment of gastric ul-cer,duodenal ulcer,digestive esophagitis and gastritis. By reviewing the literature over the past decade on the asymmetric oxidation of esomeprazole sodium ,the paper summarizes the synthetic process and focuses on the comparison of the critical steps. To choose suit-able chiral catalyst to reduce the cost of synthesis of esomeprazole sodium,this paper compares beyond the yield,enantioselectivity and other aspects. The conclusion is that the catalysts used in the most of oxidation systems are with a large load and high cost ,and compared with the classical Kagan-Modena system,the Ti-salan catalyst has advantages in the synthesis of esomeprazole sodium,and can be widely used.

Role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in activation of astrocytes in midbrain periaqueductal gray of rats with neuropathic pain / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in activation of astrocytes in midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) of rats with neuropathic pain.Methods A total of 72 pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 9 weeks,weighing 160-200 g,were divided into 4 groups using a random number table:control group (group C,n =8),neuropathic pain group (group NP,n =40),dimethyl sulfoxide control group (group DS,n =12) and JNK inhibitor SP600125 group (group SP,n=12).Neuropathic pain was produced by chronic constriction injury (CCI).At 14 days after CCI,10 nmol JNK inhibitor SP600125 0.5 μl was intraperitoneally injected into the PAG in group SP,and 10％ dimethyl sulfoxide 0.5 μl was given instead in group DS.Eight rats were selected in group C,before CCI and at 3,7,14 and 21 days after CCI in group NP,and in DS and SP groups,and the mechanical pain threshold was measured before CCI,before administration on 14 days after CCI and at 30,45,60,75 and 90 min after administration.The rats in group C were sacrificed after the end of measurement of the mechanical pain threshold,and brains were removed for determination of phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression (by Western blot) in PAG region.The rats in group NP were sacrificed after the end of measurement of the mechanical pain threshold at each time point,and brains were removed for detection of p-JNK expression in PAG region.Four rats in DS and SP groups were sacrificed after the last measurement of the mechanical pain threshold at 45 min after administration,and brains were removed for determination of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in PAG region.Results Compared with group C,the mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at each time point after CCI,and the expression of p-JNK was up-regulated at 7-21 days after CCI in group NP (P＜0.01).Compared with group DS,the mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 30 min after administration,and GFAP expression was down-regulated at 45 min after administration in group SP (P＜ 0.01).The mechanical pain threshold was significantly higher at 30-75 min after administration than before administration in group SP (P＜0.01).Conclusion The mechanism underlying activation of astrocytes in PAG is related to activating JNK in the rats with neuropathic pain.

Upregulation and biological function of transmembrane protein 119 in osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is suggested to be caused by genetic and molecular alterations that disrupt osteoblast differentiation. Recent studies have reported that transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119) contributes to osteoblast differentiation and bone development. However, the level of TMEM119 expression and its roles in osteosarcoma have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, TMEM119 mRNA and protein expression was found to be up-regulated in osteosarcoma compared with normal bone cyst tissues. The level of TMEM119 protein expression was strongly associated with tumor size, clinical stage, distant metastasis and overall survival time. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) GSE42352 dataset revealed TMEM119 expression in osteosarcoma tissues to be positively correlated with cell cycle, apoptosis, metastasis and TGF-β signaling. We then knocked down TMEM119 expression in U2OS and MG63 cells using small interfering RNA, which revealed that downregulation of TMEM119 could inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and apoptosis. We also found that TMEM119 knockdown significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion, and decreased the expression of TGF-β pathway-related factors (BMP2, BMP7 and TGF-β). TGF-β application rescued the inhibitory effects of TMEM119 knockdown on osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion. Further in vitro experiments with a TGF-β inhibitor (SB431542) or BMP inhibitor (dorsomorphin) suggested that TMEM119 significantly promotes cell migration and invasion, partly through TGF-β/BMP signaling. In conclusion, our data support the notion that TMEM119 contributes to the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, and functions as an oncogene in osteosarcoma.