Medication rules of famous veteran traditional Chinese medicine doctor in treatment of chronic bronchitis based on implicit structure model / 中国中药杂志

To explore the medication rules of famous veteran traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) doctors in treatment of chronic bronchitis, a structured medical record database for famous veteran TCM doctors in modern clinical books was established. First, Lantern 3.1.2(Kongmin light) implicit structure analysis software was used to build an implicit structure model and make an implicit interpretation. Then, SAS 9.1 was adopted to mine herb-herb, herb-symptom and herb-syndrome association rules. Through the mining, 1 274 commonly used herbs for chronic bronchitis were found, including liquorice, bitter almond, pinellia, dried tangerine or orange peel, poria cocos. The medicine types included antiasthmatic medicine, qi-tonifying medicine, and heat-phlegm removing medicine. The medicine tastes included sweet, pungent and bitter. The meridian distributions included lung, spleen and stomach channels. The famous commonly used prescriptions included Xiaoqinglong decoction, Maxing Shigan decoction and Erchen decoction. The 147-herb implicit structure model for the first diagnosis was built to get 44 hidden variables, 88 hidden classes, 7 comprehensive clustering models, 9 dual herb associations, 50 triple herb associations and 89 quadruple associations. Totally 297 medical records for the second diagnosis were compared to obtain 24 herb-symptom associations, which reduced ephedra, bitter almond, pinellia and added poria cocos, atractylodes, dangshen, 20 dual herb associations and 8 triple herb associations. A model for the top 83 symptoms and top 96 herbs in the first diagnosis was built to get 50 hidden variables and 101 hidden classes. The commonly used herbs of famous veteran TCM doctors included bitter almond, pinellia, dried tangerine or orange peel, poria cocos, which feature mild property and sweet favor and enter lung, spleen, kidney meridians; the commonly herbal pairs included atractylodes and poria cocos, asarum, fructus schisandrae and pinellia, as well as poria cocos, dangshen, pinellia and dried tangerine or orange peel. The herb-syndrome associations involved ephedra, bitter almond, cassia twig and scanty sputum, pinellia and external cold and internal fluid syndrome, turbid phlegm obstructing lung syndrome and spleen deficiency syndrome, bitter almond and turbid phlegm obstructing lung syndrome, phlegm-heat accumulated in the lung and wind-cold invading the lung. The implicit structure model can be used to quantify tacit knowledge of TCM, extend to the herb and syndrome level for the first time, and quantify the major, minor and compatible statues of different variables in the same data. This study concluded that the medication rules of famous veteran TCM doctors in treatment of chronic bronchitis have certain reference value for the clinical diagnosis and treatment. The data sources, analysis methods and mining results were relatively reliable and objective, and can provide a reference for rules of other disease treatment based on syndrome differentiation.

Textual research on original plants of Curcumae Longae Rhizoma / 中草药

Curcumae Longae Rhizoma (CLR) is a commonly used drug in clinic, it is widely used as an important drug of activating blood and Qi in ancient prescription. But the records of the original plant of CLR are not consistent in modern literature: Wenyujin Concisa Rhizoma (WCR) was recorded as the main plants of CLR originally, and then it was excluded. The historical evolution of WCR used as medicine and the similarities and differences among WCR, CLR, and Curcuma Rhizoma (CR) in efficacy were tracked down through the records in ancient and modern literatures. It showed that from the materia medica in Tang and Song Dynasty, WCR was recorded as one of the original plants of CLR which was continually used until the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. In modern literature, WCR was also firstly recorded as one of the original plants of CLR. The longitudinal section of WCR was different from CR in efficacy, but identical with CLR exactly. So that, the means of classifying WCR as a part of the original plant of CLR not only conform to the ancient and modern literatures, but also in accordance with the rules of drug efficacy and the actual clinical application. So this method is beneficial to clinical application of ancient prescriptions.

Database Establishing and Data Mining of Pulmonary Diseases Based on Clinical Works by Modern Famous Veteran Doctors of Chinese Medicine / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore syndrome and treatment laws for treating diseases of the pulmonary system by establishing database based on clinical works by modern famous veteran doctors of Chinese medicine (CM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical experience and literature of medical records in clinical works by modern famous veteran doctors of CM were taken as data source. Database was established by fields and program design. On these bases, data mining methods such as frequency analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, and correlation laws were performed in syndrome and treatment laws for treating diseases of the pulmonary system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Established were database capable of literature searching, information statistics, data mining of modern famous veteran doctors of CM. A total of 34,414 data were input, including medical records and notes 28,045 items (81.49%) and clinical experience 6,369 items (18.51%). In medical records and notes, there were 14,048 items (50.09%) in male and 9,466 items (33.75%) in female, and the ratio of male to female was 1.48:1. There were 4,531 items (16.16%) with no marked gender in medical records or notes. Data mining such as correlation analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, correlation laws in more fields could be realized.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Medical records and notes were dominated in data collected in this paper. The prevalence of pulmonary diseases was obviously higher in males than in females. The trend of concentrated manifestations in related fields for pulmonary diseases could be surfed by this database. Diagnosis and treatment laws for treating diseases of the pulmonary system could be found by various adaptive data mining targeting different fields. Multi-variables of symptoms, syndromes, prescriptions, and herbal drugs could be data mined in large samples of clinical literatures.</p>

Study on names of Wenyujin Rhizoma Curcumae and Rhizoma Curcumae Longae Concisa and their origins / 中国中药杂志

To study the name of Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum and Film Turmeric by literature research methods provide the basis for correct application of Cuba in modern clinical application. Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum and Film Turmeric often called each other mutual generation and used as the same kind of medicine in the ancient prescriptions books. They were often recorded and stated as the same species of Curcumae Longae Rhizoma. Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum and Curcumae Longae Rhizoma also often called each other mutual generation in the ancient prescriptions books and used as the same kind of medicine. Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum was often recorded and stated under the Curcumae Longae Rhizoma articles in the ancient materia medica literatures. Ancient literatures on Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum records were almost the same, the modern literatures on the records of the sources of Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum were inconsistency. Inconsistency of Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum source records in modern literatures was related to the changes of the modern records on source records about Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, Root-tuber of Aromatic Curcumae Longae Rhizoma and Zedoray. The author thinks that Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum is the ancient Film Turmeric which referes to the same medicine as Curcumae Longae Rhizoma. The source of it just as the Curcumae Longae Rhizoma is not only one kind. Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum and Curcumae Longae Rhizoma have been recorded as two medicines at the present, and the source of them simply referes to the original plant Curcuma wenyujin. When using ancient prescriptions, we need to understand the changes that Curcumae Longae Rhizoma and Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum are the same in ancient but different today in order to choose medicine correctly in the clinical.

Research on frequency of application with modern Chinese herbal medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between 500 kinds of commonly used Chinese herbal medicine and the classification of their efficacies in Chinese Materia Medica in relation to the common diseases listed in Internal Medicine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Database retrieval frequency of the quantitative statistical method was adopted. First, the 8 980 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine recorded in Chinese Materia Medica were used as the original search objects, and 4 493 kinds which were cited in more than five articles were picked out and then rechecked for further title citations. Second, as judged based on the Criterion, the numbers of articles which included the medicines in the line of standards were examined. As a result, 500 species of Chinese herbal medicine were singled out based on their retrieval frequency and were then used for compilation of the classification statistics according to their efficacy and the common diseases in Internal Medicine.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From the classification of Chinese medicines, herbs with wide efficiency and a meek nature had higher frequencies, but those which were not appropriate as decoctions had relatively lower frequencies. However, according to the average frequency, the Chinese herbal medicine for nourishing qi and tonifying blood, at 36,346 times and 34,544 times, respectively, were the most commonly used. Analyzed from the frequency of application of the Chinese medicine in the treatment of common diseases, most of the top 10 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine with the highest frequencies generally coincided with the 500 selected medicines. In addition, the Chinese medicines with clear pharmacological efficiency were easily isolated and purified to be made into injections, although other forms are more commonly used.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of the research objectively reflected the current applications of Chinese herbal medicine, and could be used as references in teaching, research, clinical applications, and in compiling and increasing the drugs in textbooks and Pharmacopoeia.</p>

Epidemiologic study on basic TCM syndrome in the subhealth population in the Zhengzhou area / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the distribution characteristics of clinical manifestation and TCM basic syndromes in the subhealth population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The investigation list for basic syndrome of subhealth used in the study was formulated through retrieving a large amount of literatures, referring to principles of epidemiology, computer science, mathematics and international metrics, and according to the standard denoting figure of GR/T 1.1-2000 and ZY/T001.1-94. The data obtained were analyzed by the statistical methods like multiple factor analysis and cluster analysis to explore the distribution of main symptoms and syndromes in the subhealth condition.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The analysis of data from 2,133 lists showed that in the Zhengzhou area, the main clinical symptoms presented in the subhealth population were aversion to cold, fatigue, spontaneous perspiration, poor memory, bad-temper, short breath, palpitation, etc.; with the syndrome key elements of deficiency, dampness, phlegm, stagnancy, stasis, qi-stagnation, and body fluid loss; the dysfunction of zang-fu organs was mainly observed in Xin, Pi, Shen, Gan, Dan, Wei, Fei, etc.; and the most commonly encountered basic syndromes were Xin-Pi deficiency, Xin-Shen deficiency, Gan-qi stagnation, Pi insufficiency with dampness stagnation, phlegm-qi cementation, Shen-yin deficiency, Shen-yang deficiency, qi insufficiency, Gan-stagnancy transforming to fire, damp-heat accumulation, etc.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical manifestation of the subhealth population in the Zhengzhou area is characterized by a syndrome composed of a certain main symptom with some other accompanied symptoms, the distribution of the basic syndrome is mainly dominated by the deficiency syndrome.</p>