RESUMO
Objective To observe the efficiency of exenatide in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with inadequately controlled blood glucose in plateau area. Methods Eighteen type 2 diabetes mellitus patients whose blood glucose was not well controlled by metformin, sulfonylureas or insulin therapy were selected in this study. Exenatidewas added to the original therapy for 3 months, and the changes of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood lipid levels (TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C), and body weight were observed. Results After 3 months of treatment with exenatide, FBG, 2hPBG, HbA1c, body mass index, and blood lipid levels (TG, TC, LDL-C) were significantly reducedas compared with thosebefore treatment (P<0. 05). Conclusion Exenatide can effectively control blood glucose, decrease body mass index, and improve the blood lipid level in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients living in plateau area.
RESUMO
Objective To analyze the etiologies,clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with acute renal failure(ARF)admitted to the hospital at high altitude.Method This retrospective study included clinical data of patients with acute renal failure in the General Hospital of Tibet Military Command from May 2001 to April,2006.Results There were 85 male patients and 63 female patients with mean age(42.4?18.1)years old.Among 148 patients with acquired ARF,52.7% was iatrogenic or nosoeomal origin, demonstrating a trend of increasing.The ARF included pre-renal(n=48,32.4%),renal parenchymal(n= 90,60.8%)and post-renal(n=10,6.8%)in origin.Acute high altitude sickness(n=20)was the major causes of pre-renal ARF.Renal parenchymal ARF could be classified into glomerular vascular lesions(n=24), acute tubular necrosis(n=53),acute interstitial nephritides(n=12),and contusion of unitesticle(n=1).of 90 cases of renal parenchymal ARF,39 patients(43.3%)were induced by medicines.Lithiasis was the major causes of post-renal ARF.The mortality of ARF in our study was 42.6%.The mortality of patients contracted ARF in hospital was much higher than that of patients community ARF in community(55.1 vs 23.6%;P=0.01). There was no significant differences of the mortality between the patients with and without dialysis treatment. Univariate analysis showed that prognosis was correlated with age,the presence of hematuria and oliguria or anuria Hb,and the number of organ system failures.The logistic regression showed that age,Hb and the number of organ system dysfunction were the predictors of mortality.Conlusions The major causes of ARF at high altitude were acute high altitude sickness and the use of medicines with nephrotoxicity.The morbility and mortality of nosocomisl ARF increased significantly.Prevention of MODS is a key management to decrease mortality in severe ARF.