Study on Policy of Promoting the Role of Traditional Medicine in Primary Health Care Services / 中国中医药信息杂志

How to use traditional medicine to play the role of primary health care to achieve strategic objectives of universal health coverage and health for all is an important issue for traditional medical development. World Health Organization (WHO) called out that the health system should return to primary health system which was officially launched 30 years ago. "Universal Health Coverage" was list as one of the overall objectives of WHO overall program in 2014-2019. WHO advocated incorporating traditional medicine into primary health care system to promote universal health coverage. At the same time, under the new situation of returning to the "basic health care", China has accumulated rich experience in incorporating TCM into basic health care system. Chinese medicine service has been successfully incorporated into the national basic public health services in grassroots medical institutions, and Chinese medicine service capacity has also been significantly improved under the guidance of good policy.

Study on TCM Dominant Diseases Based on Diagnosis Related Groups Data / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To screen TCM dominant diseases from service efficiency, service quality and security by taking a three-A-grade TCM hospital as example.Methods According to the diagnosis related data of the TCM hospital, the common diseases in major disease categories (MDC) were screened out. Average cost of hospitalization, average hospitalization days, antibiotic use rates, blood use rates, and mortality rates were compared with the average level of tertiary general hospitals.Results Totally 27 common diseases were screened out. Three diseases had advantages in terms of service efficiency, security and service quality; 14 diseases had security advantage; 13 diseases had advantage in service quality.Conclusion Compared with three-A-grade general hospitals, most of the common diseases in the hospital has obvious advantages in security and service quality, but the average length of hospitalization in the hospital is longer, and the average cost of most of the common diseases is higher than the general hospital, without advantages in service efficiency.

Analysis on dosage of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces stipulated in Chinese pharmacopoeia / 中国中药杂志

Chinese Pharmacopoeia I (2010 edition) covers dosage and usage of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and decoction pieces, and provides dosage ranges of most of decoction pieces. By using the descriptive statistical method, the article discusses the distribution of maximum dosage, minimum dosage and dosage range of decoction pieces set forth in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and compares toxic drugs and non-toxic drugs. Altogether 617 drugs are included into the study. Except for 16 decoction pieces whose dosages are not clear, all of the remaining decoction pieces are covered by Chinese Pharmacopoeia, with the maximum common dosage, minimum common dosage and dosage range of 3, 10 and 6 g. Upon comparison, we discovered that Chinese Pharmacopoeia sets stricter standards for toxic drugs than non-toxic drugs. Compared with dosages in classical prescriptions and actual clinical usages, dosage ranges described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia are much narrower. There is no significant difference between drugs that can be used as foods or healthcare foods and other drugs according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Regulatory effect of yijing fang on adenine-induced infertility in rat models: a pharmacodynamic study / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the regulatory effect of Yijing Fang (YJF) on adenine-induced infertility in rats with kidney deficiency.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty healthy Wistar male rats, aged 1.5 mo and weighing (180 +/- 10) g, were normally fed for a week, and then divided into five groups of equal number (blank control, infertile model, high-dose YJF, mid-dose YJF, and low-dose YJF) according to the body weight of the rats. The models were made by intragastric administration of 500 mg/ml adenine in gum arabic solution in the ratio of 1:10 at the dose of 1 ml per 100 g body weight per day for 10 days. YJF was given at 3.38 g, 1.69 g and 0.85 g per 100 g body weight per day to the rats in the high-, mid- and low-dose groups, respectively. After 48 days of treatment, we observed kidney deficiency-related changes in sperm concentration and motility, the levels of testosterone (T) and other hormones and the volumes of the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate, and compared the indexes among different groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>YJF exhibited a significant regulatory effect on sperm concentration and motility, the T level and the indexes of the gonad and other accessory glands in the model rats (P < 0.05). After 48 days of treatment, sperm concentrations were (87.85 +/- 28.44), (7.11 +/- 2.15), (35.98 +/- 14.04), (32.65 +/- 11.80) and (33.51 +/- 13.26) x 10(6)/ml in the blank control, infertile model, high-dose YJF, mid-dose YJF, and low-dose YJF groups, respectively; sperm motilities were (52.79 +/- 16.43), (31.14 +/- 3.07), (45.88 +/- 16.97), (51.56 +/- 13.35) and (49.53 +/- 10.16)%; the T levels were (194.07 +/- 40.29), (61.27 +/- 13.70), (121.87 +/- 24.35), (127.44 +/- 19.38) and (127.81 +/- 20.28) nmol/L; the luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were (7.017 +/- 0.269), (6.117 +/- 0.894), (7.060 +/- 0.871), (7.156 +/- 0.937) and (6.967 +/- 0.778) IU/L; the testis volumes were (3.775 +/- 0.183), (2.865 +/- 0.258), (3.236 +/- 0.058), (3.457 +/- 0.066) and (3.398 +/- 0.091) g; the epididymis volumes were (1.119 +/- 0.116), (0.833 +/- 0.226), (1.124 +/- 0.104), (1.132 +/- 0.107) and (1.114 +/- 0.106) g; the prostate volumes were (176.75 +/- 427.09), (131.67 +/- 39.45), (178.70 +/- 37.97), (180.11 +/- 37.39) and (179.00 +/- 35.42) mg; and the body weights were (188.50 +/- 7.12), (189.92 +/- 6.67), (187.42 +/- 5.47), (189.17 +/- 6.19) and (188.75 +/- 6.12) g. Testis histopathology showed obvious injuries in the infertile models and different degrees of improvement in the three YJF groups, most evidently in the mid-dose group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Yifing Fang had an evident therapeutic effect on kidney deficiency-related infertility in adenine-induced rat models.</p>

Effects of yijing recipe on sperm apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential in patients with idiopathic oligoathenoteratospermia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Yijing Recipe on sperm apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in patients with idiopathic oligoathenoteratospermia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using the self-control method, we examined sperm apoptosis and MMP in 30 patients with oligoathenoteratospermia before and after treated with Yijing Recipe.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rates of early sperm apoptosis (AV +/PI -) and MMP loss were significantly reduced after treatment as compared with pre-medication ([2.86 +/- 1.47]% vs [4.26 +/- 2.79]% and [21.77 +/- 13.46]% vs [41.73 +/- 20.30]%, P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the sperm death rate (PI+) before and after treatment ([34.10 +/- 16.26]% vs [30.21 +/- 13.50]%, P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Yijing Recipe can reduce early sperm apoptosis and improve MMP, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying its efficacy on oligoathenoteratospermia.</p>

Yijingfang increases the expression of CatSper1 in mice / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Yijingfang on CatSper1 in the mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced oligoasthenospermia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty Kunming male mice were randomly divided into a control group (CG), a model group (MG), a small-dose Yijingfang group (SG), and a large-dose Yijingfang group (LG). The mice of CG were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline at 60 mg/kg once a day, while those of MG, SG and LG with cyclophosphamide, all for 5 days. During the next 34 days, the mice of SG and LG received intragastric administration of Yijingfang once a day, the former at a dose 2 times and the latter 5 times that of human routine usage, those of MG given the same volume of normal saline, and CG normally fed. At 35 days, we measured the sperm count, percentages of grades a + b and a + b + c sperm, and the expression of CatSper1 in the epididymal sperm of the mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sperm counts of CG, MG, SG and LG were (5.20 +/- 1.34), (1.73 +/- 0.03), (2.08 +/- 0.01) and (3.31 +/- 0.56) x 10(6)/ml, respectively, significantly lower in MG than in CG (P < 0.05), but higher in LG than in MG (P < 0.05). The grade a + b sperm constituted (14.49 +/- 0.30), (6.64 +/- 1.88), (11.99 +/- 1.01) and (19.40 +/- 3.13)% in CG, MG, SG and LG, respectively, remarkably lower in MG than in CG (P < 0.05) but higher in LG than in MG (P < 0.05); the grade a + b + c sperm accounted for (68.39 +/- 15.13), (39.96 +/- 4.89), (62.28 +/- 4.43) and (73.61 +/- 5.05)%, respectively, obviously lower in MG than in CG (P < 0.05) but higher in LG than in MG (P < 0.05); the CatSper1 expressions were 0.76 +/- 0.05, 0.73 +/- 0.03, 0.75 +/- 0.12 and 0.85 +/- 0.04, respectively, markedly higher in LG than in MG (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide decreases the sperm count, percentages of grades a + b and a + b + c sperm, and the expression of CatSper1 in mice, while large-dose Yijingfang can increase the above parameters, and hence contributes to the treatment of oligoasthenospermia.</p>

Acting mechanism of longbixliao capsule on human prostatic stromal cells cultured in vitro / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of action of Longbixiao Capsule (LBXC, a Chinese herbal preparation) on human prostatic stromal cell cultured in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine Japan rabbits were assigned to 3 groups. The high, low dose group was given LBXC [2.0 g/(kg x d), 1.0 g/(kg x d)] by gastro gavage respectively, while equal volume of normal saline was given by gastrog avage 60 rats in the control group, all twice a day with an infeval of 12 h, for 3 successive days. The serum collected at 3 h after the last gastro gavage was added into cell culture fluid. Rabbit's serum containing LBXC was incubated with the cultured stromal cells, and the levels of cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using relative techniques as TUNEL, ELISA, and immunocytochemistry. Besides, Real-time RT-PCR was applied to detect the mRNA expressions of TGF-beta1, and Smad7 in the stromal cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cell proliferation showed culture time dependence in all groups. The proliferation in the drug-serum treated groups was lower than that in the control group, and it was lower in the high dose treated group than in the low dose treated group (all P < 0.01). The unfavorable growth did not occur morphologically after being cultured for 48 h and showed insignificant difference between various groups. Cell apoptosis was not found excepting for a few appeared in the high dose treated group (with a little amount of apoptotic cells occurring). After treatment, the expressions of TGF-beta, and Smad7 were lower in the low dose treated group and high dose treated group than in the control group (P < 0.01). There was not statistical difference between the low dose treated group and high dose treated group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LBXC could reduce the expressions of TGF-beta1, and smad7 mRNA in stromal cells and inhibit the stromal cell proliferation, but its effect on promoting cell apoptosis is unobvious.</p>

Longbixiao capsule reduces expressions of TGF-beta1 and Smoothelin in human prostatic stromal cells cultured in vitro / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of the Chinese herbal medicine of Longbixiao (LBX) Capsule on the expressions of TGF-beta1 and Smoothelin in human prostatic stromal cells cultured in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood serum medicated with LBX was incubated with the stromal cells isolated from men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and cultured in vitro. The mRNA expression levels of TGF-beta1 and Smoothelin were detected by real-time RT-PCR and other relevant techniques.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the high and low concentration groups, the gene relative expressions of TGF-beta1 were (0.158 +/- 0.020) and (0.169 +/- 0.020) , while those of Smoothelin were (0.035 +/- 0.007) and (0.036 +/- 0.007) respectively, both significantly decreased in comparison with the control group(P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LBX reduces the mRNA expressions of TGF-beta1 and Smoothelin in human prostatic stromal cells and can be used in the treatment of BPH.</p>

The observation of chronic prostatis patients using the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) was used to determine the chronic prostatitis syndrome in young men (from 20 to 48 years old) of clinical validity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>227 patients with chronic prostatitis syndrome (CPS)/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and 32 patients with BPH were randomized to study using NIH-CPSI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1. The main manifestations of CPS patients were pain or uncomfort. Those were more common in CPS than BPH. 2. 79.30% CPS patients had a sensation of not emptying bladder completely after finished urinating, 44.93% patients had to urinate again less than two hours after finished urinating. 3. 51.51% patients with CPS have more effect on work, 90.31% patients on free life, and 68.72% patients on quality of life than BPH.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>According NIH-CPSI, the main manifestations of CPS are pain or uncomfort. CPS patients have more effect on work and quality of life.</p>