Effect and safety analysis of carvedilol with metoprolol on children with dilated cardiomyopathy / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To compare the effect,safety and tolerance of carvedilol and metoprolol on children with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).Methods Children with DCM from Sep.2006 to Nov.2011 in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University were randomly divided into carvedilol group [(24 cases,14 doys,10 girls; (3.05 ± 3.27) years old] and metoprolol group [(24 cases,13 boys,11 girls,(3.15 ± 2.42) years old].After controlling heart failure,the patients began to take oral carvedilol starting from 0.1 mg/(kg · d) or metoprolol starting from 0.5 mg/(kg · d).The 2 groups increased dose every 2 weeks.The largest dose was respectively 0.8 mg/(kg · d) or 2.0 mg/(kg · d),then maintaining the treatment for about 12 months.Cardiothoracic ratio,left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),left ventricular shortening fraction(LVFS),left ventricular mass (LVmass),drug safety and tolerance of 2 groups after treatment were evaluated.Results Cardiothoracic ratio,LVEDV,LVESV,LVmass significantly decreased but LVEF,LVFS significantly increased after treatment in comparison with before treatment in carvedilol group and metoprolol group(all P ＜ 0.05).Heart size and function were of no significant differences between carvedilol group and metoprolol group before treatment and after treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).The tolerated dose and safety of drug was slightly higher in carvedilol group compared with metoprolol group,but they did not have statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Both carvedilol and metoprolol can reverse left ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac function of children with DCM.Carvedilol and metoprolol have higher safety and better tolerance.Safety and tolerance of carvedilol may be better,and thus has better application prospect.

Mutation analysis of Cited2 in patients with congenital heart disease / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore mutation of Cited2 gene coding strand in Chinese patients with congenital heart disease (CHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DNA was extracted from the blood samples of 120 nonhomologous and various CHD patients and 100 healthy children. The sequence of coding regions of Cited2 was amplified by PCR and compared to those in the GeneBank after sequencing to identify the mutations. The family of the samples who have Cited2 mutations were investigated as well. Clustal W software was applied for conservative analysis of the altered amino acids.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three new mutations of Cited2 coding strand were found in 4 CHD patients. Two point mutations were first identified respectively in two patients, one patient with mirror image dextrocardia and tetralogy of Fallot (c.550 G > A), another with aortic stenosis (c.574 A > G). Apart from this, the same deletion (c.573-578del6) was first detected in another two patients, one with ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect, the other with aortic stenosis and pulmonary stenosis. All the mutations resulted in the protein changes (p.Gly184Ser; p.Ser192Gly; p.Ser192fs). None of these changes were detected in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study showed that there are 3 brand-new gene mutations as demonstrated by sequencing of Cited2 gene in Chinese CHD patients with a broad phenotype spectrum. Serine-glycine rich junction (SGJ) is considered as the mutation hot spot. Cited2 mutations may be one of the causes of the development of CHD in human.</p>

Preliminary study on the effect of carvedilol on children with primary endocardial fibroelastosis / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE), a common pediatric cardiovascular disease, often results in chronic heart failure (CHF) and death. Clinical trials have shown that the regimen of combining beta-adrenoreceptor blocker with traditional medicines against CHF can improve left ventricular function and prevent the ventricle from remodeling in patients with CHF. The present study aimed to observe the effect of carvedilol on concentration of plasma brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and safety in children with EFE.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one children with EFE were randomly divided into two groups: (1) treated with traditional regimen (digoxin, prednisone and/or diuretics) (n = 10); (2) treated with carvedilol plus traditional regimen (n = 11). Measurement of plasma concentration of BNP by ELISA, cardiac function by ultrasound were performed before and after 6 months of treatment. The changes in clinical symptom, heart rate, heart function, side effect and maximal tolerance dose after treatment with carvedilol were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Plasma concentration of BNP was much higher in the group of patients with EFE [(865 +/- 702) ng/L] than that of control group [(154 +/- 78) ng/L] (P < 0.01), and there was a positive correlation between plasma concentration of BNP and cardiac function classification, and cardiac function grades II, III, and IV corresponded to plasma concentration of BNP (286 +/- 125) ng/L, (437 +/- 386) ng/L, (1673 +/- 859) ng/L respectively in children with EFE. Compared with the group treated with traditional medicines, plasma concentration of BNP [(403 +/- 216) ng/L vs. (219 +/- 87) ng/L] significantly decreased, the clinical symptom was significantly improved, cardio-thoracic ratio (CTR) (0.60 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.54 +/- 0.06) (P < 0.05) and heart rate [(115 +/- 20) bpm vs. (90 +/- 14) bpm] (P < 0.01) decreased, ejection fraction (EF) (46.6% +/- 13.4% vs. 54.5% +/- 12.9%), fractional shortening (21.6% +/- 8.1% vs. 24.1% +/- 7.5%), mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening [(0.8 +/- 0.5) cir/s vs. (0.9 +/- 0.4) cir/s] were significantly increased (P < 0.01), left ventricular end-systolic dimension [(34.0 +/- 8.6) mm vs. (32.2 +/- 9.1) mm] (P < 0.05), left ventricular mass [(65.9 +/- 34.1) g vs. (65.9 +/- 34.1) g], interventricular septal thickness at end-systole [(6.0 +/- 1.0) mm vs (5.5 +/- 1.1) mm] were notably decreased (P < 0.01) after treatment with carvedilol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These data indicated that plasma concentration of BNP significantly increased in children with EFE, carvedilol can decrease plasma concentration of BNP, inhibit the remodeling of ventricle, significantly improve the cardiac function in children with EFE. Carvedilol is effective and safe in treatment of children with EFE.</p>

Study on Effect of Carvedilol on Children with Endocardial Fibroelastosis / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effect and security of carvedilol on children with endocardial fibroelastosis(EFE).Methods Eighteen children with EFE treatment with carvedilol.The improvement of clinical symptom,heart rate,heart function,side effect and maximal tolerance dose after treatment with carvedilol were observed.Results The clinical symptom was obviously improved;eiection fraction(EF),fractional shortening(FS),mean velocity of circumferential fiber(Mvcf)were significantly increased,left ventricular end-systolic dimension(LVDS),left ventricular mass(LVmass),interventricular septal thickness(IVSs)were notably decreased after treatment with carvedilol.Conclusions The data indicates that carvedilol can significantly reduce left ventricular diastolic dimension(LVDD),IVSs,and LVmass,inhibit the remodeling of ventricle,significantly elevate the heart function of EFE.So carvedilol is benefit and security on children with EFE.

One Hundred and Thirty-Six Cases of Incomplete Kawasaki Disease / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of incomplete Kawasaki disease(KD).Methods Clinical data includi-ng test results,therapeutic methods were analyzed retrospectively in 579 patients with Kawasaki disease.They were divided into classic KD and incomplete KD and made a compared analysis.Results There were no significant differences in gender,age,symptom and laboratory examination between classic and incomplete KD.But the rate of coronary artery lesions was higher in incomplete KD(18.4%) than that of classic KD(11%).Conclusion The rate of coronary artery lesions was higher in incomplete KD,and it should be paid more attention to earlier diagnosis and earlier treatment.