Effect of hyaluronic acid and its derivatives on osteobIast function: molecular mechanisms and clinical values / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid, as an important part of extracellular matrix, plays an important role in various biological processes. Hyaluronic acid has good biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-immunogenicity. It is an ideal raw material to prepare a variety of materials with different morphologies, hardness, and bioactivities. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of hyaluronic acid and its derivatives on osteoblast growth and differentiation. METHODS: The CNKI and PubMed databases were searched with the key words of "hyaluronic acid, osteoblast" in Chinese and English, respectively. Initially 81 articles were retrieved, and only 34 eligible articles were included in result analysis after removal of unrelated or duplicate literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hyaluronic acid has been widely used in the studies on cell adhesion and migration, angiogenesis and morphogenesis, wound healing, inflammation and cancer metastasis. Hyaluronic acid and its related biomaterials have a positive effect on osteoblast growth and differentiation. Hyaluronic acid and its related biomaterials can serve as molecular chaperones to protect the encapsulated growth factors and drugs, and release them in specific sites to achieve the regulation of desired cellular functions. As a potential new clinical biomaterial, it can be used for the development of tissue engineering scaffolds, drug sustained-release media, and growth factor targeting vectors. As the modern medicine is focusing on the "interdisciplinary", hyaluronic acid hydrogel materials that are more intelligent and personalized will be the research focus of future medical materials.

Effect of post pyloric feeding on hospital-acquired pneumonia and mortality in patients with critical respiratory disease / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective:To investigate the effect of post pyloric feeding on hospital-acquired pneumonia and mortality in patients with critical respiratory disease.Methods:A retrospective survey of 41 cases of post pylorus feeding (post pylorus feeding group,n =41) in respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) was carried out,and 41 patients who received nasogastric feeding (nasogastric feeding group,n =41) were investigated in the same RICU.The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP),the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP,excluding VAP) and the in-hospital mortality of RICU were observed and compared between the two groups.Vomiting,aspiration,gastric retention,diarrhea,and the times of stopping enteral feeding were observed and compared as well.Results:The incidence of HAP in the post pylorus feeding group was 2.4％,which was significantly lower than that in the nasogastric feeding group (22％,P ＜ 0.05).The incidences of VAP in the post pylorus feeding group and nasogastric tube feeding group were 16.7％ and 8.7％ individually,which was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The mortality in RICU in the post pyloric feeding group was 36.6％,which was similar to that in the nasogastric feeding group (41.5％) (P ＞ 0.05).There was no difference in terms of vomiting,aspiration,gastric retention,diarrhea,and the times of stopping enteral nutrition.Conclusion:Compared with nasogastric feeding,post pyloric feeding reduces the incidence of HAP in critical respiratory patients.Nevertheless,post pyloric feeding fails to affect the incidence of VAP and in-hospital mortality in RICU.

Effect of beta-tricalcium phosphate/poly-l-lactide composites on radial bone defects of rabbit

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect ofβ-TCP/PLLA scaffold in repairing rabbit radial bone defects.@*METHODS@#Thirty New Zealand rabbits were divided into β-TCP /PLLA group (group A), pure PLLA group (group B) and contrast group (group C) randomly. The rabbits were sacrificed respectively after 4, 8, 12, 24 weeks and the X-ray film was performed at the same time to evaluate the repair effect in different groups.@*RESULTS@#X-ray film showed there was uneven low density bone callus development in defect region after 4 weeks in group A. The defect region was filled with neonate osseous tissue completely during 12-24 weeks. X-ray score revealed that repair of bone defect results significantly better than group B and group C.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The β-TCP /PLLA composite is capable of repairing radial bone bone defects. β-TCP/PLLA scaffold is significant because of rapid degradation ability, good histocompatibility and osteogenic action.

Arthroscopic reduction and fixation for isolated greater tuberosity fractures / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Traditionally, displaced greater tuberosity fractures are treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Arthroscopic treatment and outcome of greater tuberosity fractures is far from comprehensive. The objective of the current study was to assess the surgical procedure and outcome of an arthroscopic method in the treatment of isolated greater tuberosity fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2006 to December 2009, 23 patients with isolated greater tuberosity fractures were treated with an arthroscopic procedure using three cannulated screws combined with washers. During follow-up, radiographs and the constant shoulder score (CSS) were used to evaluate the outcome.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three cannulated screws with washers were used to fix the fractured fragment of the greater tuberosity under an arthroscope. All incisions healed at primary intention without infection. The mean duration of follow-up was 20 months (range 18 - 36 months). Fracture fixation was excellent, and fractures healed 2 - 6 months (mean 3.8 months) after surgery. At final follow-up, the CSS was 92 (range 86 - 100).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The described arthroscopic procedure provides anatomical reduction and firm fixation for isolated greater tuberosity fractures. It is a successful and minimally invasive procedure with satisfying therapeutic effects as well as excellent functional recovery.</p>

Complications of hyoid suspension with Repose system on obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the complications of hyoid suspension with Repose system on obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and to find out the effective prevention strategies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty four patients diagnosed by polysomnography as OSAHS were received hyoid suspension with Repose system from June 2005 to July 2009. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were analyzed retrospectively. The patients who reported abnormal swallowing were evaluated with water drinking test and video fluorography swallow study to assess biomechanical changes in swallowing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Incidence rate of perioperative titanium nial amotio was 15.9% (7/44). It was avoided by implanting titanium nial again. No perioperative complications occurred such as injury of superior laryngeal nerve, blood vessel and thyrohyoid membrane, fracture of hyoid bone, suture break. All patients developed dysfunctions of pronunciation and swallowing, edema of mouth floor, dysfunctions of movement of tongue that could relieved gradually after three days on most patients. No postoperative complications occurred such as titanium nial amotio, fat liquoring, edema of mouth floor, hematoma, infection, foreign body reaction, injury of root apex of anterior tooth, dysfunctions of movement and sensation of tongue, suture break and death. All patients had over 2 year postoperative follow up. Incidence rate of dysfunctions of pronunciation and swallowing was 4.5% (2/44) and 15.9% (7/44) respectively. Main situation for dysfunctions of pronunciation was speaking ambiguity. Major manifestations of swallowing abnormalities were occasional aspiration, food going down the wrong tube, food becoming stuck in the throat, deglutition with bowing head. Seven patients who had abnormal swallowing possessed normal water drinking test and occurred asynersis of hyoid movement and laryngeal elevation, but aspiration were not observed. Three patients presented obvious stagnation in epiglottic vallecula and sinus piriformis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Most complications of hyoid suspension with Repose system may be avoided or recovered on short term. Postoperative dysfunctions of pronunciation and swallowing may exist for a long time.</p>

Analyse of iodine nutritional status of residents in Shanxi province in 2009 / 中国地方病学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the iodine nutritional status of residents in Shanxi province,and to provide a scientific basis for adjustment of control strategies and measures to iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).MethodsIn the 11 cities and 119 counties(cities,districts),except high water iodine townships,9 townships were selected in each county according to their sub-area positions of east,west,south,north and center,4 villages were sampled in each chosen township,and 8 households were selected in each chosen village in every chosen county (cities,districts ) with 9 or more townships.In every chosen county (cities,districts) with 6 to 9 townships,1 township was selected respectively in east,west,south,north and center sub-areas of the township,4 villages were sampled in each chosen township,and 15 households were selected in each chosen village.In the county (cities,districts) with 5 or less townships,all township were selected,4 villages were sampled in each chosen township,and 15 households were selected in each chosen village.Edible salt samples from these households were collected; iodized salt was determined by direct titration.In the 119 counties(cities,districts),1 township was selected,respectively,in east,west,south,north and center sub-areas in each county,and 20 children aged 8 - 10 in each of the selected townships were selected to collect urine samples and urinary iodine was determined by As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry.Evaluation criteria:median urinary iodine ＜ 100 μg/L was iodine deficiency,100 - 199 μg/L as appropriate,200 - 299 μg/L as more than appropriate,and ≥ 300 μg/L as iodine excess.ResultsMedian iodine of the 34 808 household salt samples was 31.55 mg/kg.The coverage rate of qualified iodized salt was 99.18％(34 521/34 808) and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.12％(33 805/ 34 808).In the 11 cities,119 counties(cities,districts),the median of urinary iodine of 11 967 children aged 8 -10 was 244.0 μg/L,of which ＜ 50 μg/L acoounted for 2.6％(312/11 967),50 - 99 μg/L accounted for 6.9％(823/11 967),100- 199 μg/L accounted for 26.3％(3145/11 967),200 - 299 μg/L accounted for 28.7％(3440/11 967),and 300 μg/L or higher accounted for 35.5％(4247/11 967).The medians of urinary iodine in the 9 municipal cities were 200 - 300 μg/L,and other 2 cities were 300 - 400 μg/L At the county level,the medians urinary iodine of children of the 119 counties(cities,districts) were 100 - 199 μg/L that accounted for 15.1％(18/119),200 - 299 μg/L accounted for 63.9％(76/119),and 300 μg/L or higher accounted for 21％(25/119).Conclusions The iodine nutrition level of residents in Shanxi province is more than appropriate.The salt iodine concentration in Shanxi province needs to be reduced,but the space is not wide.

Investigation on the state of Kaschin-Beck disease in Shanxi province in 2008 / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the current situation and variation in the tendency of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in Shanxi province, to assess the effectiveness of prevention measures, and to provide evidence for making scientific and effective tactics in prevention and control of the disease. Methods In 2008, according to "The National Technical Scheme for Kaschin-Beck Disease Control in 2007", children aged 7 - 12 years underwent clinical and X-ray examination in two historical severe KBD areas of Shanxi province, the observed position on Xray film was finger bone and carpal bone. Adults aged 16 years and above were clinically examined in 50 villages of 13 counties of KBD areas, Shanxi province. The diagnosis was based on "Diagnostic Standard of Kashin-Beck Disease"(GB 16003-1995), the adult patients were degreed according to the state of illness and divided into different groups according to their ages. Results A total of 181 children were examined, none of them was diagnosed as clinical KBD patient. The positive cases of X-ray were 2, X-ray detectable rate of metaphysis was 1.1% for children.In the 50 villages 13 871 of adults were examined and 801 KBD patients were found and the detectable rate was 5.77%. The detectable rate increased with age. The adult patients distributed mainly in the subpopulation aged 51years and above and these patients accounted for 70.66% (566/801) of total people examined. Degrees Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients at these ages accounted for 71.78%(206/287) of total degrees Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients. Conclusions The state of child KBD in Shanxi is under the national control standards. The detectable rate of adult KBD is higher. Relevant departments should pay close attention to the treatment of adult patients.

Role of neutralizing anti-interferon antibodies during interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Investigation in the role of neutralizing anti-interferon antibodies(NA) during interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To measure the levels of NA in 48 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) at the point before treated and at 3 and 6 months with treatment respectively. At the same time to measure the levels of NA in health volunteers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NA can not be measured in health volunteers and those patients with CHB at the point before treated. At the point of 6 months with treatment, 15 patients with CHB got complete respond, 10 patients with CHB got no respond, 23 patients with CHB got partly respond, respectively. NA positive rate was 25% at 3 months and 37.5% at 6 months with treatment, respectively. (P > 0.05). NA positive rate was significantly higher in complete responders group and partly responders group than in no responders group at 3 months with. NA positive rate was significantly higher in complete responders group than in no responders group at 3 months with.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NA can be measured in blood serum after treated with interferon. NA influences the efficacy of interferon, especially at 3 months.</p>

IQ domain GTPase-activating protein 1 mediates the process of injury and repair in bronchial epithelial cells / 生理学报

The process of injury and repair in airway epithelium involves cell spreading and migration followed by cell proliferation. IQ domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) acts in a series of cell processes, but has not been clarified in lung epithelial cells. In this study, a widely used model of injury and repair in vitro by scratching bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) was utilized to investigate the function of IQGAP1. The results showed that IQGAP1 was abundant in BECs of mouse, rat, pig and human. IQGAP1 was colocalized with tubulin cytoskeleton, but was destroyed by nocodazole, a microtubule disassembly reagent. IQGAP1 mRNA and protein expressions increased at 6-9 h after scratching. In addition, overexpression of IQGAP1 translocated β-catenin from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and activated the Tcf/Lef signal. Scratching altered the associations of IQGAP1 with β-catenin, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and cytoplasmic linker protein-170 (CLIP-170). Silencing IQGAP1 expression by small interference RNA (siRNA) blocked the wound closure. It is concluded that IQGAP1 signal is involved in the wound closure of BECs induced by scratching.

Investigation of Somatic Diseases of Inpatients with Psychosis and Hospitlized a Long-term / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnoses of somatic diseases of inpatients with psychosis and hospitalized more then 2 years.MethodsThe material of all 350 inpatients were investigated and analyzed.ResultsThe first three psychiatric diagnoses were schizophrenia (61.32%), Alzheimer's disease (15.26%), mood disorder (4.74%). The first three diagnoses of accompanying somatic diseases were heart disease (8.68%), diabetes mellitus (8.42%), and hypertension (4.47%).ConclusionWith the changes of social environment, the disease pedigree of inpatients with psychosis changes, senile patients become more and more, and the incidence of concurrent somatic diseases gradually increases.