Evaluation of effect of oral health intervention on children in Shaoshan area of Hunan province / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To understand the oral health status of children aged 3-12 in Shaoshan area of Hunan province and to evaluate the role of oral health educations based on community such as fluoride varnish, oral hygiene introduction in improving the oral health of children in the area so as to gain expe-rience.@*METHODS@#The study used cluster sampling to select 3 kindergartens and 2 primary schools in different economic development areas of Shaoshan. Oral health status survey and interventions were conducted in December 2014 and September 2016, respectively. The average debris index, decayed missing filled teeth (deciduous teeth: dmft; permanent teeth: DMFT), and caries prevalence rate of children aged 3-6 years and 6-12 years were compared. At the same time, children aged 5 and 12 were used as representative populations to compare the indices as listed before and the caries prevalence rate of the first permanent molar in 12-year-old children was compared as well. Finally, health economic analysis was carried out based on the 2 years' result.@*RESULTS@#In this study, 992 children and 896 children in 2014 and 2016 were included respectively. As for children aged 3-6 years, the average debris index and dmft in 2016 were significantly less than that in 2014 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), and the difference of DMFT was not significant (P=0.419). Children aged 6-12 years showed the same result, the average debris index and dmft in 2016 were significantly less than those in 2014 (P < 0.001, P=0.013), and the difference in DMFT was not significant (P=0.674). 173 and 179 5-year-old children were included in 2014 and 2016 respectively, and the dmft showed significant difference (P=0.038); the caries prevalence rate was 75.7% and 71.5%, respectively, which was also not significant (P=0.370). With respect to the 12-year-old children, 65 and 104 children were included and the differences in dmft and DMFT were not significant (P=0.133, P=0.171). The caries prevalence of the first permanent molar in the 12-year-old children was 36.9% and 26.9%, whose difference was not significant (P=0.171).@*CONCLUSION@#The application of fluoride varnish and oral health education can significantly reduce the dmft of children aged 3-12 years in Shaoshan area and significantly improve the oral hygiene status. DMFT, the caries prevalence rate of 5-year-old children's deciduous teeth and 12-year-old children's first permanent molar showed a decline.

Effects of glutamine induced heat shock protein 70 overexpression on atrial fibrosis and connexin 43 remodeling in isoprenaline-treated rats / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of glutamine (Gln) induced heat shock protein 70(Hsp70) overexpression on atrial fibrosis and connexin 43 remodeling in isoprenaline(ISO)treated rats and related mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8 each group): control group, DMSO group, ISO 5 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) group (Fibrosis group), ISO 5 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) + Ala-Gln 0.75 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) group (Intervention group) and ISO 5 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) + QUE 100 mg× kg(-1)×d(-1) + Ala-Gln 0.75 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) + DMSO group (QUE group).Rats were killed after 7 d. The AngII expression in myocardial tissue was detected by radioimmunoassay; myocardial fibrosis was observed by HE staining.Collagen volume fractions were quantified by Masson staining and as the indicators of atrial fibrosis. The expressions of Hsp70, p-JNK1/2/3, c-Jun and Cx43 were determined with immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AngII content was similar between the control group [(68.51 ± 10.76) pg/L] and DMSO [(71.47 ± 11.49) pg/L] group (P > 0.05), and significantly increased in fibrosis group [(211.25 ± 49.49) pg/L], intervention group [(185.32 ± 54.85) pg/L] and QUE [(189.90 ± 42.12) pg/L] group (P < 0.01 vs. control group). Atrial fibrosis was significantly higher in the fibrosis group [(29.485 ± 9.966)%] and QUE group [(25.060 ± 8.581)%] but not in the intervention group [(7.861 ± 1.867)%] compared to control group [(6.842 ± 1.674)%] and DMSO group [(7.108 ± 1.343)%]. The expression of Hsp70 was similar among the control group (0.160 ± 0.023), DMSO group (0.163 ± 0.022), fibrosis group (0.166 ± 0.028) and QUE (0.168 ± 0.027) group (P > 0.05) while significantly upregulated in the intervention group (0.215 ± 0.018) (P < 0.01 vs. control group). The expressions of p-JNK1/2/3 and c-Jun were similar between control group (0.151 ± 0.016;0.163 ± 0.022) and DMSO group (0.154 ± 0.021;0.164 ± 0.024)(P > 0.05), while significantly upregulated in fibrosis group (0.202 ± 0.025; 0.254 ± 0.044) and QUE group (0.196 ± 0.024; 0.251 ± 0.027) (P < 0.01 vs. control group) but not in intervention group (0.160 ± 0.025; 0.168 ± 0.024)were not changed obviously (P > 0.05 vs. control group). The content of Cx43 was similar between control group and DMSO group (0.231 ± 0.035 vs. 0.220 ± 0.032, P > 0.05), and was linearly distributed in intercalated disc of the cardiomyocytes, however, the content of Cx43 was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) and the Cx43 distribution was disordered in fibrosis group (0.163 ± 0.013) and QUE group (0.165 ± 0.024), while these changes were not found in intervention group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Glutamine could reduce the atrial fibrosis and Cx43 remodeling in isoprenaline-treated rats by up-regulating Hsp70 and inhibiting JNK signaling pathway activation through down-regulating p-JNK1/2/3 and c-Jun expression.</p>

Study of mechanical irritation effects in workers exposed to rock wool / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of mechanical irritation to the skin, eyes, and upper respiratory tract in workers exposed to rock wool.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The gravimetric concentration of total dust and number concentration of fibre in the air of the rock wool workplace were determined . 109 rock wool manufacturing and processing workers were taken as the exposed group, 104 workers from an air separation plant, a papermaking plant and cover making plant were served as control group. All subjects accepted the questionnaire interview and clinical examination of the skin, eyes, nose and the pharynx.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>10.1% of the exposed group had the irritant contact dermatitis, which showed linear trend with the current gravimetric concentration of total dust (P < 0.05) but no association with the exposure age (P > 0.05), and the detection rate of conjunctivitis of the exposed group (12.8%) was significantly higher than the control group (2.8%) (P < 0.05). The percentages of shin and eye itching symptoms of the exposed group (54.1% and 42.9%) were significantly higher than the control group (11.5% and 26.5%) (P < 0.05), but the differences among/between the exposed subgroups with different exposure level and different exposure age were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The differences of the detection rate of chronic rhinitis and chronic pharyngitis and the percentages of the symptoms of nose and pharynx between the exposed group and control group were not statistically significant (P > 0.05), except the rhinorrhea symptom.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Occupational exposure to rock wool had some degree of the mechanical irritation effects on the skin and eyes. The current exposure level of total dust should be emphatically controlled.</p>

Effects of valsartan and U0126 on atrial fibrosis and connexin40 remodeling in rats / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of valsartan and MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 on atrial fibrosis and connexin40 (Cx40) remodeling in rats treated with isoproterenol (ISO).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>32 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (A), ISO (5 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) for 7 days) + DMSO group (B), ISO + U0126 (0.5 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) for 28 days) group (C, U0126 was dissolved in DMSO), ISO + valsartan (30 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) for 28 days) + DMSO group (D). Rats were sacrificed after 28 days. The AngIIcontent in myocardial tissue was measured by radioimmunoassay, P-MEK1/2, P-ERK1/2 and Cx40 was detected by immunohistochemistry, atrial fibrosis was determined on HE and Masson stained heart sections.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The content of AngII was significantly higher in group B, C and D compared with group A [(368.243 ± 6.283) ng/L, (357.175 ± 5.944) ng/L, (359.908 ± 2.496) ng/L vs (250.380 ± 4.261) ng/L, P < 0.01]; the degree of atrial fibrosis was significantly lower in group C and D compared with group B [CVF(10.260 ± 0.525)%, (10.238 ± 0.524)% vs (78.710 ± 1.587)%, P < 0.01] while there was no atrial fibrosis in group A [CVF(9.025 ± 0.456)%]; the expression of P-MEK1/2 and P-ERK1/2 was significantly upregulated in group B compared with group A (P-MEK1/2: 0.311 ± 0.007 vs 0.203 ± 0.009, P < 0.01; P-ERK1/2: 0.259 ± 0.003 vs 0.173 ± 0.006, P < 0.01) and significantly lower in group C and D compared with group B (P-MEK1/2: 0.212 ± 0.004, 0.213 ± 0.005 vs 0.311 ± 0.007, P < 0.01, P-ERK1/2: 0.178 ± 0.004, 0.175 ± 0.007 vs 0.259 ± 0.003, P < 0.01). The content of Cx40 was obviously reduced and the distribution of Cx40 was disordered in group B compared with A (0.199 ± 0.007 vs 0.241 ± 0.004, P < 0.01) which could be partly reversed in group C and D (0.239 ± 0.037, 0.235 ± 0.006 vs 0.199 ± 0.007, P < 0.01). All parameters in group C and D were similar (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The chronically elevated AngII content in myocardium may be related to atrial fibrosis and Cx40 remodeling in this model, valsartan and U0126 were equivalent on attenuating atrial fibrosis and Cx40 remodeling by inhibiting ERK pathways at different levels.</p>

Relationship between radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and MDR1 gene polymorphism / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between human multidrug resistancel gene (MDR1) polymorphisms and the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood samples were collected from 59 NPC patients, who were devided into radiosensitive or radioresistant groups according to their responses to radiation therapy. The genotypes for MDR1 polymorphisms (G2677T in exon 21 and C3435T in exon 26) and their haplotypes were determined by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The results were further confirmed by sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 3435CC genotype was associated with a significantly better response to radiotherapy than combined 3435 CT and TT genotype (P=0.026). The 2677GG genotype was also associated with a better response in comparison with combined 2677 GT and TT genotype, but this relation was not statistically significant. Patients with 2677G-3435C haplotype had a significant better response to radiotherapy than those with the other haplotypes (P=0.017).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The MDR1 G2677T and C3435T polymorphisms may help predict the response to radiotherapy in NPC patients.</p>

Assessment of radiation-induced liver injury with computed tomography / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the appearance of radiation-induced liver injury on computer tomography for quantitative assessment of dosimetric changes in different radiological reactions and the influence of time-effect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The focal liver reactions of 35 patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3-D CRT) for liver malignancies were evaluated, with the applied doses of 36-65 Gy in 4-28 fractions completed in 8-41 days. All patients received nonenhanced CT scan and arterial-dominant phase contrast-enhanced CT scan 1-6 months after therapy. The liver tissue density in irradiated and nonirradiated liver was compared, and the reaction type and the threshold dose determined radiologically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On at least one follow-up examination, 51.4% of patients were found to have a focal radiation reaction in the liver. The radiation reaction was hypodense in 43.75% of the follow-up nonenhanced CT examinations and in 19.23% of arterial-dominant phase contrast-enhanced CT scans. It was hyperdense in 42.31% of arterial-dominant phase contrast-enhanced CT scans. The median threshold dose inducing a radiation reaction was 30.8 Gy (range 18-42.8 Gy). The detected threshold dose was positively correlated with the time of detection of the reaction (P=0.041), with a correlation coefficient of -0.473. On arterial-dominant phase contrast-enhanced CT scans, the threshold dose was significantly higher for hyperdense than for hypodense changes (P=0.017). In additional follow-up, the reaction volume decreased and the reaction types changed on arterial-dominant phase contrast-enhanced CT scans.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The threshold dose can be different in different radiological reaction types on multiphase CT scans. The detected threshold dose is inversely correlated with the time of detection of the early reaction. Multiphase contrast-enhanced CT is helpful to distinguish radiation reactions from recurrent tumors.</p>