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Objective To observe the protective effect of 2% taurine on corneal endothelial cells injured by benzalkonium chloride in rats. Methods Six piece of corneal endodermis and elastic layer tissue slices were prepared from 6 eyes of 3 SPF SD rats and randomly divided into three groups. The corneal endothelial cells of rats were cultured by tissue block culture for 1 day, then the control group cells were added with 2% taurine solution, while the experimental group cells were added with 2% taurine solution and 0.01% or 0.03% benzalkonium chloride solution. After 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8 days of continuous culture, the growth of corneal endothelial cells in each group was observed under an inverted microscope, and the morphology of endothelial cells was observed under an optical microscope after Wright staining. Results Treated with 0.01% benzalkonium chloride and 2% taurine for 1 day, polygonal endothelial cells appeared on the edge of corneal tissue mass, and the cells were transparent. After 2 days, the number of polygonal cells increased, and there was no fusion growth between cells. After 3 days, the number of polygonal cells decreased and no mitotic signs were observed in endothelial cells. After 4 days, the endothelial nuclei were deeply stained and polygonal cells were rare. After 5 days, the number of endothelial cells decreased, and cell body shrinkage and death occurred. In the experimental group treated with 0.03% benzalammonium chloride and 2% taurine for 1 day, no endothelial cell growth was observed and the cells were sparsely-scattered. In control group, polygonal endothelial cells and a few endothelium-like polygon cells appeared at the edge of tissue blocks after 1 day. After 3 days, the number of polygonal cells at the edge of tissue blocks increased, and there was a phenomenon of gradual fusion growth. After 5 days, the number of endothelial cells increased, and the cells were mostly hexagonal. After 8 days, the endothelial cells formed large sheets, the cell bodies were hexagonal or round, and the nuclei were divided. The growth of corneal endothelial cells in the left and right eyes was uniform, and there was no significant difference in the morphology of the left and right eye endothelial cells in the 0.01% and 0.03% benzalammonium chloride treatment groups and the control group. Conclusion 2% taurine had no protective effect on corneal endothelial cells injured by benzalammonium chloride.
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Objective:To explore the feasibility of simultaneous combined operation for congenital heart disease with other malformations and to summarize the experience of operation and the ways to avoid risks.Methods:From May 2015 to December 2019, the clinical data of 44 children undergoing simultaneous combined operation in our hospital were collected, and the data of 44 children who were matched with the children undergoing combined operation in the same period were collected as the research objects, which were divided into high-risk group(17 cases)and low-risk group(27 cases). To compare and analyze the early hemodynamic indexes and other hospitalization indexes of different groups of children undergoing simultaneous operation and staged operation, so as to evaluate whether the scheme of simultaneous combined operation is more optimized.Results:All the children in the same period successfully underwent combined operation, among which 4 cases had postoperative complications and 1 case died out of hospital, all of them were children in high-risk group, and the other children were cured and discharged. Compared with the staging group, there was no significant difference in general data and early postoperative hemodynamic indexes of children in the same period group, but the cost of operation and anesthesia was lower, and the average hospitalization time was shortened by about 5 days for each person, with statistical significance. Compared with the low-risk group, the children in the high-risk group were significantly lower in age and weight, complicated in deformity, longer in operation time, lower in early postoperative cardiac output, stable in hemodynamics after operation, but higher in inotropicscore score(IS). Postoperative endotracheal intubation time, ICU time and overall hospitalization time were prolonged, and the overall cost was more( P<0.05) The incidence of postoperative adverse events was higher. Conclusion:Simultaneous combined operation for children with congenital heart disease with other malformations is generally safe and feasible., Staging is safe for children in high-risk group, and if simultaneous combined surgery is unavoidable, the condition must be assessed individually and a detailed treatment plan must be developed to avoid surgical risks.
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Aim To investigate the cytotoxic effect and mechanism of ampelopsin sodium ( AMP-Na ) on hu-man lung adenocarcinoma cell line GLC-82 alone or combined with carboplatin ( CBP ) . Methods The cytotoxic effect of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line GLC-82 was investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide ( MTT ) colori-metric assay. Ultrastructure change of apoptotic GLC-82 cells was observed with transmission electron micro-scope. The changes of the cell apoptosis and the ex-pression of caspase-3 were analyzed with flow cytome-ter. Results Combined with AMP-Na, the IC50 of CBP decreased from (17. 10 ± 4. 78) mg·L-1 to tron microscope and flow cytometric analysis, the apop-tosis and necrosis ratios also increased in the combina-tion group. The necrosis ratios increased from (2. 56 ± 0. 41 )% to ( 71. 83 ± 5. 43 )% ( P<0. 01 ) . The ex-pression of caspase-3 was increased significantly after treated with AMP-Na or combined with CBP. Conclu-sions There is a synergistic cytotoxic effect on GLC-82 cells treated with AMP-Na combined with CBP. Ap-optotic cells and necrotic cells are found in GLC-82 cells treated with AMP-Na alone or combined with CBP. One of the mechanisms to induce apoptosis is probably that activation of caspase-3 mediates signal transduction pathway in cells.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the inhibitory effects of ampelopsin sodium (AMP-Na) combined with carboplatin on the proliferation of Lewis cell of lung cancer. METHODS:6.25,12.5,25,50 and 100 μg/ml AMP-Na and 3.125,6.25,12.5,25 and 50 μg/ml carboplatin were used to culture the cells for 4 h,and the cell viability was determined and the inhibition rate and half in-hibition concentration(IC50)were calculated. 12.5,25,50 and 100 μg/ml AMP-Na and 12.5 μg/ml carboplatin were used to culture the cells for 12 h,and the flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of Caspase-3. RESULTS:AMP-Na with serial con-centrations combined with carboplatin with serial concentrations had obvious inhibitory effects on the cell proliferation. With the in-crease of mass concentration,the IC50 of carboplatin on the Lewis cells was gradually decreased;when the AMP-Na of 6.25-50μg/ml was combined with carboplatin of 3.125-25 μg/ml,it showed the strongest inhibitory effects on the Lewis cell proliferation. When cells were cultured with AMP-Na and carboplatin for 24 h,the expression of Caspase-3 increased significantly. CONCLU-SIONS:AMP-Na combined with carboplatin has synergistic inhibitory effect on the Lewis cell proliferation by a mechanism that may be related to the apoptosis induced by Caspase-3 activated by AMP-Na.
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@# Objective To study the effect of low frequency on drug release from improved PLGA microcapsules, and investigate the possibility of utilizing PLGA microcapsules as the carrier of ultrasound targeted drug delivery system to deliver drug into brain. Methods Doxorubicin loaded poly (D,L lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microcapsules were prepared via double emulsion solvent evaporate method and coated with either chitosan or gelatin. In vitro drug release profile and the drug release rate under the exposure of low frequency pulsed ultrasound (25 kHz) and continuous wave ultrasound (35.1 kHz) were assayed. Results The coating with chitosan or gelatin can depress the burst of drug release. The drug release rate from uncoated and chitosan-coated microcapsules did not changed with the exposure of ultrasound, and the rate of gelatin-coated microcapsules did increased. The effect of pulsed ultrasound was stronger than that of continuous ultrasound. Conclusion The drug release from gelatin-coated PLGA microcapsules can be controlled and triggered by 25 kHz pulsed ultrasound, which may be a potent carrier of targeting drugs into brain.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the long-term toxicity of repeated intramuscular injection of Escherichia coli O157∶H7 polysaccharide-conjugated vaccine(O157) in rats so as to provide safety evidence for clinical trials.METHODS:A total of 48 SD rats were randomly assigned to receive either 0.5 mL vaccine(containing 25 ?g polysaccharides) (immunization group,n=24) or phosphate buffered solution (PBS,control group,n=24) with the same volume for 3 times at a dose interval of two weeks.Sacrifice of 6 rats in each group were scheduled at 2 weeks after first immunization,and at 1,3,and 5 weeks after the third immunization,respectively for observation and determination of hematological and biochemical parameters,histopathology,specific antibody,myeloid tissue,the tissues in injection sites,etc.RESULTS:Compared with control group,immunization group showed no significant pathological change except the dynamic regular change of some hematological parameters induced by the immunization,and no immunologic system damage was observed.CONCLUSION:Repeated intramuscular injection with O157 vaccine in rats wouldn't cause overt toxicity and local irritation.
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Objective To evaluate the role of modified Buyanghuanwu decoction in the treatment of vascular dementia. Methods Adopting international standards for the diagnosis,30 cases with mild to moderate vascular dementia were treated by modified Buyanghuanwu decoction,six months as a course of treatment. 30 patients of the control group were treated by Yinxingye Tablets. Results After using modified Buyanghuanwu decoction,MMSE scores were increased (P
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OBJECTIVE:To study the mechanism of action of grape seed proanthocynidins extract(GSPE)in treating acetic acid-induced colitis gravis in rats.METHODS:Rats model with acetic acid-induced colitis was built,the animals were di-vided into normal control group,model group,positive control group and GSPE group(which were subdivided into low,medium and high dose subgroups by intragastric administration).On the8th day of administration of drugs,the changes of myeloperoxidase(MPO),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and malonaldehyde(MDA)in colonic tissue were detected,respectively.RESULTS:The model group had a significantly higher level of MPO content than did the normal control group(P
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AIM: To inverstigate the protective effects of procyanidin on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS: Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury models were established by the ligation of left desending coronary artery for 40 min and referfusion for 120 min in rats, and the influence of procyanidin on enzymes of myocardial, myocardial infarction size and lipid peroxide were observed. RESULTS: Procyanidin decreased myocardial creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release significantly diminished myocardial infarction size, raised the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in myocardial and serum in comparison with the control. CONCLUSION: Procyanidin has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. The action is related to the inhibition of the free radical and subsequent lipid peroxidation.
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AIM: To study factors influencing mannitol to induce blood brain barrier (BBB) opening. METHODS: By constant flow pump, mannitol with different concentration (20% and 25%) was infused into left internal carotid artery of adult Wistar rats via their left external carotid artery at different speed and time. Firstly, after mannitol with a concentration of 25% was transfused, the optimal open time of BBB was investigated using Evans blue as an indicator by injection at different time (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 min). Then influences of concentration of mannitol, speed of infusion, and change of time on mannitol to induce BBB opening were studied. Finally, death rate was counted according to sex and body weight in order to observe the influence of sex and body weight on tolerance of rats. RESULTS: The open degree of BBB was optimal after 2 min when 3.6 ml mannitol with a concentration of 25% was infused in 30 s at a speed of 0.12 ml?s -1 . However, mannitol with a concentration of 20 % did not almost have any effect on opening of BBB. Slowing of infusion speed or shortening of infusion time of mannitol reduced opening degree of BBB. Body weight affected rat tolerance to mannitol, and the tolerance of the rat was higher in those with higher weight. CONCLUSION: The factors influencing mannitol to induce BBB opening are as follows: concentration, infusion speed, and keeping time of mannitol. And the tolerance to mannitol is not concerned with the sex of the rats, but the body weight of the rats.
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AIM: To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of methylflavonolamine (MFA) on myocardial injury induced by adriamycin in mice. METHODS: The myocardial injury was induced by adriamycin (ADR) 1.5 mg?kg -1 ip once every two days for ten days in mice. All mice were taken the electrocardiogram examination before given drugs. The mice with abnormal electrocardiogram were excluded prior to the experiment. The degree of J point elevation, the prolonged degree of the QRS complex duration and the Q T interval, the change of contents of serum creatine phosphokinase (CK), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myocardial malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in control and treated groups. The contents of serum CK and LDH were measured by spectrophotometry, and the content of myocardial MDA was measured by TBA method and the activity of myocardial SOD by hydroxylamine method. RESULTS: The J point was elevated, the Q T interval and the duration of QRS complex were prolonged and the contents of serum CK and LDH were increased in mice with acute myocardial injury induced by ADR, suggesting that a widespread and severe myocardial cell injury occurred in the prepared models. While all these injury indices were reversed by MFA treatment. The content of myocardial MDA was increased and the activity of myocardial SOD was decreased in mice with myocardial injury, and MFA decreased the MDA content and increased the SOD activity, indicating that it possesses the actions of scavenging free oxygen radicals and anti lipoperoxidation. CONCLUSIONS: MFA significantly alleviates the degree of the acute myocardial injury in mice induced by ADR. Its mechanism may be associated with reducing oxygen free radical production and anti lipoperoxidation.
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Background and purpose:Drug-resistance is the main obstacle in terms of efficacy of chemotherapy for leukemia, RNA interference(RNAi) strategy possesses the characteristics of specilization, high-efficiency and low-toxicity, and can effectively and specifically inhibit the overexpression of given gene. This study was designed to investigate the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) on expression of mdr1 gene and drug-resistance in multidrug-resistant human leukemia K562/ADM cell.Methods:Human multidrug-resistant leukemia cell line K562/ADM over-expressing mdr1 gene was used as the target cells, Two siRNAs (si-mdr1-1 and si-mdr1-2) targeted mdr1 gene were chemically synthesized and transfected into K562/ADM cells. Expression of mdr1 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression was measured using flow cytometry (FCM), and the sensitivity of K562/ADM cells to adriamycin was assessed with a MTT colorimetric assay.Results:Two siRNAs (si-mdr1-1 and si-mdr1-2) specially designed in this study could markedly down-regulate the expression of mdr1 mRNA and its product P-gp in K562/ADM cells. After cells transfected with si-mdr1-1 or si-mdr1-2 for 24h and 48h, the inhibition of mdr1 mRNA expression in the cells for si-mdr1-1 was 55.5% and 22.5%; and for si-mdr1-2, 16.0% and 57.6%, respectively. Treated with siRNA for 72h, the expression intensity of P-gp in the two transfected cell lines decreased 74% and 85%, respectively. Both si-mdr1-1 and si-mdr1-2 significantly enhanced the sensitivity of K562/ADM cells to adriamycin and reversed their drug-resistance, the reversal efficiency was 2.52-folds and 1.96-folds, respectively.Conclusions:The siRNA could effectively and specifically silence the expression of mdr1 gene and overcome the drug-resistance mediated by P-gp in K562/ADM cells.
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Glycyrrhetic acid is a hydrolytic product of .glycyrrhizin which comes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. This study showed that its sodium salt, sodium glycyrrhetinate ( SGA, 28mg/kg ip ) inhibited egg white or yeast-induced edema of rat hind paws; Meanwhile, SGA decreased prostaglandin E2 in inflammatory fluid. Malonyldialdehyde in mouse swelling paws stimulated by egg white was decreased by SGA and increased by arachidonic acid. The inhibitory action of SGA on production of malonyldialdehyde c.ould be entirely abolished by arachidonic acid,suggesting that phospholipase A2 bo inhibited by SGA. Also, SGA antagonized the contracting effect of inflammatory mediators such as histamine ( IC50 = 12 ,7mg/ L), 5 -hydroxytrypataminG (IC50=16.1 mg/L ) and SRS-A ( IC5O = 17.0mg/L)on isolated guinea-pig ileum. Because SGA inhibited cro-ton oil-induced ear-swelling of adrenalectomized mice, its anti-inflammatory action has no relationship with hypophysial-adrenocortial axis.
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By the method of chemiluminescence, it was showed that BW-755C strongly inhibited the generation of active oxygen in PMNs stimulated by f-MLP, A23187 or opsonized zymosan A, while the inhibitory effect of indomethacin was quite weaker, Nifidipine, diltiazem and verapamil inhibited the generation of active oxygen in PMNs stimulated by A23187 at low concentration, but they did not block intracel-lular calcium ion increase stimulated by A23187. PGE1 was shown in to be a selective inhibitor of f-MLP-induced active oxygen production PMNs.
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Effects of methylflavonolamine (MFA) on arachidonic acid(AA) metabolism pathway were studied. MFA (iv 40 mg ? kg-1) lightened the acute pulmonary thromboenblism signs in mice and reduced the mortality induced by AA. MFA(12. 5~200?mol ? L-1) in vitro dose-dependently inhibited rabbit platelet aggregation induced by AA. MFA(0.1~0. 4mmol ? L-1) in vitro dose - dependently inhibited rabbit platelet malondiadehyde(MDA) formation in-duced by AA. MFA(0. 4mmol?L-1) inhibited platelet MDA formation in rabbits induced by thrombin and AA. While propranolol inhibited MDA formation induced by thrombin but not by AA. MFA (0.4 mmol ? L-1) did not affect cAMP content in rabbit platelet. These results suggest that inhibitory effect of MFA on platelet AA metabolism may be one of the mechanism by which MFA inhibited platelet aggregation.
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The effect of TRH on endotoxic shock in rats was studied, iv 0. 22-2 mg ?kg-1 TRH significantly reversed hypotension induced by iv coli E. endotoxin (40 mg ?kg-1) into rats and caused a 4. 2 kPa rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP). MAP after TRH administered could be stablized over a higher level than control for 30 min and maintained for 3 h during observation. Interestingly enough, the MAP rose gradually in TRH-treated rats as contrast with increasingly falling of that in control group during the late shock. TRH also improved 24 h sur-vival of shock rats. The dose-response relationship could be observed between 0. 22 ~0. 67 mg ?kg-1 TRH and disappeared over a highest dose (2 mg ?kg-1). It was shown that the best dose to reverse hypotension and to improve survival was 0. 67 mg ?kg-1 TRH. Naloxone 2 mg ?kg-1 showed the nearly same effect as 0. 22 mg ?kg-1 TRH in increasing MAP, but the former had higher 24 h survival of rats than the later.
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AIM To study the effects of rh bFGF on healing quality of chronic gastric ulcer in rats. METHODS Ulcer model induced by acetic acid was established. Rats were treated with rh bFGF ig until ulcer healing and then continually treated for 10 days(30 total treatment days). The effects of rh bFGF on healing quality of chronic gastric ulcer was evaluated not only from gastric mucoal barrier tissue structure but also from gastric mucus barrier. RESULTS rh bFGF( 5 000 ～ 10 000 AU?kg -1 ) increased the thickness of regenerated gastric mucosa, lowed its abnormity degree and made its align state near to normal. rh bFGF( 2 500 ～ 10 000 AU?kg -1 ) increased collagen and capillary density in scar tissue, added mucus quantity, mucopolysaccharide layer's thickness and PGE 2 content on the surface of regenerated gastric mucosa. CONCLUSION rh bFGF has effects of promoting gastric mucosal barrier to mature, increasing the function of gastric mucus barrier and increasing the quality of ulcer healing.
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AIM: To investigate the effect of L-phenyla lanine on vascular remodeling in hypertensive rats. METHODS: Vascular remodeling was measured by laser scanning conf ocal microscopy (LSCM) in mesenteric resistance arteries isolated from spontaneo usly hypertensive rat (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. The effect of L-phenylalanine on the hypertensive vascular remodeling was observed. The thi rd most distal first-order branches of mesenteric resistance arteries from SHR a nd WKY were studied. The arteries were fixed under pressure. The segments were s tained with the nuclear dye propidium iodide. The diameter, wall thickness and o rientation angle of smooth muscle cells were measured with LSCM. RESULTS: Compared with WKY, SHR arteries showed: (1) smaller lum en, (2) increased wall thickness, (3) disorganized orientation angle of smooth m uscle cells. L-phenylalanine treatment induced specific changes in the lumen, wa ll thickness and the orientation angle of smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension induces vascular remodeling of the bra nches of mesenteric arteries from SHR. L-phenylalanine inhibits the vascular rem odeling process of hypertension.
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AIM To study the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of pristimerin. METHODS Several inflammatory models were established, such as ear edema induced by croton oil, hind paw swelling by carrageenan, elevation of capillary permeability by acetic acid in mice and a-cute peritonitis induced by carrageenan in rats. Protein content was measured by Coomassie brilliant blue method, nitric oxide (NO) content by Griess reaction assay, N-acetyl-?-D-glucosamini-dase (NAG) activity by colorimetry, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by hydroxylamine method, catalase (CAT) activity by ultraviolet spectro-photometry, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content by fluorescence method in peritoneal exudate in rats. RESULTS Pristimerin ip 0. 156 - 0. 625 mg ? kg-1 or im 1-4 mg - kg-1 inhibited ear edema, hind paw swelling, and elevation of capillary permeability in mice. In the rat peritonitis induced by carrageenan, pristimerin im 1 - 2 mg ?kg-1 reduced neutrophil counts, lessened protein and NO content, inhibited the production of MDA and decreased NAG activity, while augmented the SOD and CAT activity in exudate. CONCLUSION Pristimerin has a significant anti-inflammatory effect which may be related to the inhibition of NO production, scavenging oxygen free radicals, anti-lipoperoxidation and stabilizing lysosome membrane.