Dosimetric analysis of 3D-printed minimally invasive-guided template in the brachytherapy treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the dosimetry advantage of 3D-printed minimally invasive guided template used in local advanced cervical cancer intracavitary combined with interstitial radiotherapy.Methods:A total of 68 cases with locally advanced cervical cancer who were admitted to Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of intergrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine from May 2016 to August 2019 were selected. All the patients had eccentric tumor or large tumor (tumor diameter >5 cm) after radiotherapy. Intensity modulated radiotherapy was used for external radiotherapy, and intracavitary combined with interstitial radiotherapy was used for brachytherapy. The prescription dose of high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) is 6 Gy/fraction, once a week, five fractions in total. Sixty-eight patients were randomly divided into two groups, 35 cases in the template group who received minimally invasive 3D printing guided template assisted intrauterine tube implantation and insertion needle implantation, and 33 patients in the free implantation group who received free hand intrauterine tube implantation and insertion needle implantation. The position and depth of the insertion needle were adjusted by CT-guidance, and the final CT image was transmitted to the Oncentra Brachy treatment planning system, then the target volume and organs at risk were delineated for planning and treatment.Results:A total of 340 brchytherapy plans were made, including 175 in the template group and 165 in the free implantation group. The D90 values of the HR-CTV and intermediate-risk clinical target volume (IR-CTV) in the template group were increased ( t=3.63, 2.45, P<0.05), and D2 cm3 values (dose of 2 cm 3 of organ at risk) of bladder, rectum and sigmoid colon were significantly decreased ( t=-2.81, -2.54, -2.33, P<0.05). At the same time, the average CT scanning times of each treatment in the template group was (1.78±0.53) times, the average duration of each treatment was (11.35±3.98) min, and the average number of needles used in each implant treatment was (5.21±1.37). The result of free implantation group was higher than that of the template group. The differences were statistically significant ( t=-2.26, -4.53, -3.21, P<0.05). Conclusions:For localized advanced cervical cancer patients with eccentric or large tumors, the 3D printed minimally invasive guided template for intracavitary and interstitial implantation has obvious dosimetry advantages, and the operation is simpler and the duration is shorter.

Therapeutic effect of different doses of bevacizumab on radiation brain necrosis / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in the treatment of radiation brain necrosis, and to provide guidance for rational clinical application.@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis was made of 14 patients with radiation brain necrosis who had failed to receive mannitol and hormone treatment or had been treated for the first time. All the patients were divided into two groups according to different treatment regimens (5.0 mg/kg repeated every 14 d and 7.5 mg/kg repeated every 21 d). The changes of enhanced lesions in MRI T1W1 phase and edema in T2W1 phase were compared separately in the two groups. The clinical symptoms, changes of KPS score and adverse drug reactions were recorded.@*Results@#Totally 14 patients completed at least two cycles of treatment. After two cycles of treatment, the KPS scores of both groups were improved. The KPS scores of 5.0 mg/kg group were increased by 31.66 points on average compared with those before treatment. The KPS scores of 7.5 mg/kg group were increased by 27.50 points on average compared with those before treatment. The volume of CRN lesions were decreased(46.0±9.4)%(t=6.57, P<0.05) and the volume of edema lesions decreased(68.9±8.9)%(t=3.32, P<0.05) in 5.0 mg/kg group. In 7.5 mg/kg group, these two parameters were reduced by(53.9±10.7)%(t=7.89, P<0.05 and (77.1±14.3)%(t=4.22, P<0.05), respectively. There was no significant difference in the reduction of the mean volume of CRN lesions and the volume of edema area between the two groups (P>0.05). In this study, the incidence of adverse events in the 5.0 mg/kg group was similar to that in the 7.5 mg/kg group, with no significant difference(P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#Bevacizumab can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and quality of life of patients with radiation brain necrosis. The safety of 5.0 mg/kg treatment regimen repeated every 14 d is similar to that of 7.5 mg/kg treatment regimen repeated every 21 d, which can be used for reference in the treatment of CRN.

Therapeutic effect of different doses of bevacizumab on radiation brain necrosis / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in the treatment of radiation brain necrosis, and to provide guidance for rational clinical application. Methods A retrospective analysis was made of 14 patients with radiation brain necrosis who had failed to receive mannitol and hormone treatment or had been treated for the first time. All the patients were divided into two groups according to different treatment regimens (5. 0 mg/ kg repeated every 14 d and 7. 5 mg/ kg repeated every 21 d). The changes of enhanced lesions in MRI T1W1 phase and edema in T2W1 phase were compared separately in the two groups. The clinical symptoms, changes of KPS score and adverse drug reactions were recorded. Results Totally 14 patients completed at least two cycles of treatment. After two cycles of treatment, the KPS scores of both groups were improved. The KPS scores of 5. 0 mg/ kg group were increased by 31. 66 points on average compared with those before treatment. The KPS scores of 7. 5 mg/ kg group were increased by 27. 50 points on average compared with those before treatment. The volume of CRN lesions were decreased (46. 0±9. 4)％ (t = 6. 57, P<0. 05) and the volume of edema lesions decreased (68. 9±8. 9)％ (t= 3. 32, P<0. 05) in 5. 0 mg/ kg group. In 7. 5 mg/ kg group, these two parameters were reduced by (53. 9±10. 7)％ (t = 7. 89, P<0. 05 and (77. 1±14. 3)％ (t = 4. 22, P<0. 05), respectively. There was no significant difference in the reduction of the mean volume of CRN lesions and the volume of edema area between the two groups (P>0. 05). In this study, the incidence of adverse events in the 5. 0 mg/ kg group was similar to that in the 7. 5 mg/ kg group, with no significant difference (P> 0. 05). Conclusions Bevacizumab can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and quality of life of patients with radiation brain necrosis. The safety of 5. 0 mg/ kg treatment regimen repeated every 14 d is similar to that of 7. 5 mg/ kg treatment regimen repeated every 21 d, which can be used for reference in the treatment of CRN.

The clinical application of 3D-printed minimally-invasiveguided template in the inter-stitial brachytherapy treatment of postoperative recurrent cervical cancer / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To investigate the application of 3D-printed minimally-invasiveguided template in the treatment of recurrent cer-vical cancer after surgery, assisting interstitial brachytherapy. Methods: From July 2017 to April 2018, a total of 10 patients admitted to Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Hebei province with recurrent cervical cancer after radi-cal surgery underwent the 3D-printed customized template-assisted interstitial brachytherapy. According to the specific conditions of patients, different vaginal localization templates were selected for CT simulation localization. The main guidance needle space distribu-tion was designed, and 3D minimally-invasive guidance templates were printed. Then, needles were inserted according to the main guide channel of the template commissioned by medical photosensitive resin. The high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) of 6 Gy/fraction was administered (4 to 6 fractions). Results: Overall, 10 patients were treated with implantation for a total of 52 times. Treat-ment with average scanning CT number for each brachytherapy was (1.58±0.70) times. The average elapsed time for each brachythera-py implant treatment, from plug implant to inserting planting needle satisfactorily with the location of the tumor, was (10.88±2.94) minutes. The mean number of metal needles used was (5.69±1.91) in each brachytherapy. The mean D90 value for high-risk clinical tar-get volume (HR-CTV) was (6.41±0.29) Gy. The cumulative D2cm3 values for the bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon were (4.75±0.37) Gy, (3.93±0.26) Gy, and (4.33±0.24) Gy, respectively. After 3 months of treatment, the efficacy was evaluated in 8 cases with CR and 2 cas-es with PR. Conclusions: The technology of 3D-printed minimally-invasive guided template shows the advantage of accurate location and superior repeatability in the application of interstitial brachytherapy in treating recurrent cervical cancer after operation, which in-volves less time and insertion needles. The patients had minor aches and few complications. The tumor shrank significantly, which indi-cated a bright future of the technology's clinical application.

A retrospective study on combined modality therapy with or without surgery for advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: an analysis of 119 cases / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To compare the treatment outcomes for locally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma between surgery plus radio(chemo) therapy(SRT) and non-surgery chemoradiotherapy(CRT).@*Methods@#A total of 119 patients diagnosed with advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma without distant metastases between 2010 and 2014 were identified in the Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital, and they were divided into 2 groups: 42 cases in SRT group and 77 cases in CRT group. Patients′ clinical information was collected. Survival rates and prognostic factors were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method with SPSS 23.0 software. The survival rates, laryngeal preservation rates and complication rates were compared between the two groups using the chi-square test.Among the 119 patients, 112 were males and 7 were females. Age ranged from 27 to 78 years, with an average age of 57 years.@*Results@#There were no significant difference between the SRT and CRT group for five-year disease-free survival (DFS, 53.9% vs. 45.1%, χ2=1.251, P=0.263) and overall survival (OS, 54.9% vs. 45.6%, χ2=1.749, P=0.186). Compared to SRT group, CRT group did not showed the significant increase of treatment complications (χ2=0.858, P=0.354), with a higher laryngeal preservation rate (50.0% vs. 71.4%, χ2=6.493, P=0.011).@*Conclusions@#Advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma is of high malignancy and poor prognosis. Combined modality treatment is a main approach for advanced hypopharyngeal cancer. SRT offers disease-free survival and overall survival rates equivalent to CRT, but with a higher laryngeal preservation rate.

A dosimetric analysis of combined intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To compare the dosimetric differences between intracavitary brachytherapy in combination with interstitial brachytherapy or not for locally advanced cervical cancer.Methods From May 2016 to March 2017,35 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with combined external beams and intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy were selected in this study.The prescription of intensity-modulated radiation therapy was:46.8-50.4 Gy/26-28 fractions,1.8 Gy/fraction.The prescription for combined intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy was 7 Gy/fraction × 4,once per week.Each patient was first implanted with a three tube applicator for brachytherapy,and the CT images were acquired for treatment planning.The three tube applicator was removed before a uterine tube and needles were implanted,thereafter planning images were acquired again.Dose to the targets and organs at risk were evaluated respectively for the two groups.Results A total of 212 brachytherapy plans were developed,including 106 intracavitary and 106 endoluminal combined interstitial plans.The target dose in endoluminal combined interstitial brachytherapy was significantly higher than that of intracavitary treatment alone,where D90 of the high-risk clinical target volume (CTV) and moderate CTV were both significantly increased (t =-6.01,-2.73,P ＜ 0.05).The D2 cm3 of the bladder,rectum and sigmoid colon were significantly reduced (t=3.07,4.52,2.91,P＜0.05).Conclusions The application of the endoluminal combined interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer can significantly increase the target dose,and reduce the dose to organs at risk such as the bladder,rectum and sigmoid colon.

Clinical features and expressions of p16, p53 protein of human papillomavirus-related tonsillar carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical characteristics, prognosis and molecular biological changes of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis of 61 TSCC cases treated from January 1999 to December 2012. Demographic data and clinical charts, including histologic grade of tumor, treatment and outcome of the patients, were reviewed.Human papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA were detected using SPF10-DNA enzyme immunoassay and LiPA genotyping method. Expressions of p16 and p53 proteins were examinated by immunohistochemistry. Survival rate was calculated with SPSS 19.0 software using the Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 55 males and 6 females, with a median age of 57 years. Of the 61 TSCC, 21 were with well differentiation, 19 with moderate differentiation and 21 with poor differentiation, including 7 patients at stage II, 10 at stage III and 44 at stage IV. HPV-positive rate of TSCC was 29.5% (18/61) and high-risk HPV-16 subtype accounted for 72.2% (13/18). The percentage of famel patients in HPV-positive TSCC was higher than HPV-negative TSCC (22.2% vs 4.7%).HPV-positive TSCC was more common in non-smoking patients (50.0% vs 79.1%, χ(2) = 5, 155, P = 0.023) and non-drinking patients (27.8% vs 51.2%, χ(2) = 4.346, P = 0.037). HPV-positive TSCC mostly presented with high expression of p16 protein (88.9% vs 16.3%, χ(2) = 28.481, P = 0.000), and low expression of p53 protein (72.7% vs 46.5%, χ(2) = 5.028, P = 0.025). The prognosis of patients with HPV-associated TSCC was significantly better than non-HPV-associated TSCC, and The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates of patients with HPV-positive TSCC were higher than those of patients with HPV-negative TSCC (87.7% vs 49.5% and 78.9% vs 33.0%, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPV-associated TSCC had unique clinicopathological and molecular biological features, showing better prognosis compared to HPV-negative TSCC.</p>

Paeonol inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by regulating proliferating cell nuclear antigen and P27kip1 expression / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To study the preventive effect of paeonol on restenosis after angioplasty in rabbit balloon injury model and its mechanism.Methods Male New Zealand white rabbits with clean grade were selected.Balloon injury rabbit abdominal aorta combined with high cholesterol diet were used to establish rabbit atherosclerosis model.We used balloon to dilate the narrow abdominal aorta.The animals were randomly divided into four groups (control group,low concentration paeonol group,high concentration paeonol group and rapamycin group).Animals in different group were orally given normal saline 2 ml · kg-1 · d-1,low concentration of paeonol 75 mg · kg-1 · d-1,high concentration of paeonol 150 mg · kg-1 · d-1,rapamycin administrated with 1.25 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for six weeks respectively.After 6 weeks,the animals were killed by air embolism,and immediately dissected to remove the abdominal aorta.We used hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining and Masson staining to detect the thickness of the arterial intimal hyperplasia and the gross morphological changes of the narrow artery.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect changes of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression level.Western blotting was used to discover P27kip1 protein expression in the narrow artery.Results Paeonol and rapamycin reduced the degree of intimal hyperplasia.The neointima areas in the control group,low concentration paeonol group,high concentration paeonol group and rapamycin group were (0.16±0.03),(0.09±0.01),(0.05±0.01) and (0.04±0.01) respectively; the ratio of neointimal area to media area was (90.62 ±3.43),(42.30 ±2.94) (33.72±3.19) and (28.78±6.67) respectively; the intimal area proliferation rate was (33.3 ± 3.1) ％,(23.2 ± 2.2) ％,(17.5 ± 1.5) ％ and (16.2 ± 1.7) ％ respectively.There were significant differences in the neointima area,ratio of neointimal area to media area,and the intimal area proliferation rate among the four groups (F=47.98,257.25,74.60,all P＜0.05).The expression level of PCNA and P27kip1 protein were (0.20±0.04),(0.06±0.02),(0.05±0.02) and (0.08± 0.02),and (0.47±0.09),(0.78±0.20),(1.29±0.12) and (1.83±0.13) in the control group,low concentration paeonol group,high concentration paeonol group and rapamycin group respectively,and the differences were statistically significant between the four groups (F=37.22 and 107.69,both P＜0.01).Conclusions Paeonol plays a role in anti-vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.This effect may be through inhibiting the expression of PCNA,and increasing the expression of P27kip1 in the cell cycle.

Effect of compound Danshen dripping pills combined with atorvastatin on restenosis after angioplasty in rabbits / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of compound Danshen dripping pills and atorvastatin on restenosis after abdominal aorta angioplasty in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rabbit models of abdominal aorta restenosis after angioplasty were established and treated with saline (group A), compound Danshen dripping pills (group B), atorvastatin (group C), or compound Danshen dripping pills plus atorvastatin (group D). HE staining was used to determine the thickness of arterial intimal hyperplasia and assess the morphological changes of the narrowed artery. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with group A, the 3 treatment groups showed significant increased vascular cavity area and reduced intimal area and percentage of intimal hyperplasia (P<0.05). The vascular cavity area, intimal area and percentage of intimal hyperplasia levels differed significantly between group D and groups B and C (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed a significant reduction of the expression rate of NF-κB and MCP-1 in the 3 treatment groups compared with group A (P<0.05), and the reduction was especially obvious in group D (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUTIONS</b>Compound danshen dripping pills combined with atorvastatin produces better effects than the drugs used alone in inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in rabbits after abdominal aorta angioplasty possibly due to a decreased expression of MCP-1 as a result of NF-κB inhibition.</p>

The epidemiology and risk factor of dyslipidemia for people in multiple physical examination center in Lanzhou / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the status and risk factors of the dyslipidemia among health examination population of Lanzhou for providing the intervention measures .Methods According to the stratified cluster random sampling method ,4 505 health exami-nation individuals were recruited for the study from 5 hospitals in the Lanzhou region through questionnaire ,biochemical analysis . Results Prevalence of dyslipidemia of the population was 45 .79% ,high TG was the main type .The level of serum TC ,TG ,HDL-C and LDL-C were (5 .27 ± 1 .08) ,(1 .74 ± 1 .38) ,(1 .41 ± 0 .43) and (2 .83 ± 0 .82)mmol/L .The prevalence was 53 .49% in male , and 34 .93% in female .The prevalence was higher among the group of 35- <45 years old for male and 55- <65 years old for fe-male .The level of HDL-C was low among young people .There was aggregation of risk factors among the participants with dyslipi-demia .Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors were age (OR=1 .701) ,overweight (OR=5 .560) , abdominal obesity(OR=2 .398) ,smoking(OR=0 .545) ,intake of greasy diet(OR=5 .313) ,sleep quality(OR=2 .005) and diastolic blood pressure(OR=3 .061) .Conclusion Lipid disorders becomes a serious problem in the health examination population ,measures such as rational diet ,weight control ,sleep improvement ,pressure control and quiting smoking must be taken .

Gene construction and screening of humanized single chain antibody library against VSTM1-v2 cytokine / 药学学报

To rapidly select potent anti-VSTM1-v2 scFv (single-chain antibody fragment) by construction and screening of a humanized scFv library in which a murine VH-CDR3 library was grafted onto a human scFv framework. A murine VH-CDR3 library was amplified from anti-VSTM1-v2 murine cDNA and grafted on human scFv (VH3-VK1) framework. Anti-VSTM1-v2 scFv templates were selected and enriched through ribosome display, TA-cloned into expression vector, and transformed into BL21 (DE3) for soluble expression of target scFv. A total of 1000 clones were randomly picked. Positive ones were first identified using colony PCR, indirect ELISA, Western blotting and then verified with sequencing and dose response ELISA. At last an anti-VSTM1-v2 humanized scFv with good binding affinity (EC50 = 21.35 nmol x L(-1)) was selected from the humanized library of 10(12) members generated in this study. This scFv antibody might have potential applications. This study provides a new approach for rapid screening of humanized antibodies.

The setup errors and reasonable target margin in radiotherapy of superior chest segment esophageal carcinoma / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the setup errors of super chest segment of esophageal cancer patients before radiotherapy delivery by KV cone beam CT,and evaluate the margin from CTV to PTV.Methods From 2010 to 2012,13 patients with super chest segment of esophageal cancer whose IMRT planning CT images were included in this study.Delineate target on the CT images of treatment planning and enlarge the margin of CTV to form ITV,then enlarge the margin of ITV gradually 10 times by 1 mm each time to form varied PTV,and create the plan according to the size of the PTV,simulate setup errors in the new plan to obtain the simulation of the actual exposure curve and find a suitable PTV to assure 95％ ITV volume as ever to approach the prescription dose,obtained the outside enlarge distance of CTV → PTV.Results The maximum setup errors in the direction of the anterior and posterior positioning was (3.42 ±2.19) mm.The margin of ITV→PTV is 5 mm which was figured out by PTN enlarging method.Compared to the original plan that under the condition of draw up the radiotherapy plan that based on the method of PTV enlarging obtained the CTV→PTV and simulate the actual dose distribution according to the setup errors:total lung V5,spinal cord D1cm3,increased by about 0.87％,4.95 Gy,heart V40,PTV D95,PTV V100,ITV D95,ITV V100 were reduced about 0.62％,4.95 Gy,8.38％,1.84 Gy,1.87％,all of them have statistically difference.Conclusions Range of external expansion of the left to right,superior to inferior and anterior to posterior is 7 mm,8 mm and 7 mm respectively,according to the method of PTV enlarging obtained the margin of CTV→PTV of super chest segment of esophageal cancer patients.

Ribosome display screening of a novel human anti-IgE scFv fragment / 药学学报

Total mRNA was extracted from lymphocytes separated from the peripheral blood of allergic patients, and then variable region of heavy chain (VH) and variable region of light chain (VL) cDNA library were constructed by RT-PCR. Human scFv templates for rabbit reticulocyte lysate ribosome display were assembled by primers and linker peptide (Gly4Ser)3. mRNA bound in antibody-ribosome-mRNA complexes was recovered using in-situ single primer RT-PCR, and three rounds of anti-IgE scFv DNA were enriched. The target DNA fragments were double enzyme digested and ligated into plasmid pET22b (+), followed by transformation in E. coli Rosseta (DE3). Positive clones were screened using clone PCR, Dot blotting and antigen ELISA. The correct lengths of VH (400 bp) and VL (710 bp) PCR products were obtained. The expected 1,000 bp ribosome display templates were also observed in agarose gel electrophoresis. After three rounds of ribosome display target sequences were effectively enriched, leading to a library of 10(13) members. Antibodies with the highest ELISA value for IgE were generated in the strain pET-IgE-6. A human anti-IgE scFv library was successfully constructed as described herein. Ribosome display using single primer in-situ RT-PCR as the recovery procedure effectively enriched target sequences. Anti-IgE scFv with high affinity and specificity were identified. The prepared human anti-IgE scFv fragment might be self-developed to a lead drug for treating asthma. Our study provides an alternative method for rapid discovery of human antibodies of therapeutic importance.

Diagnostic value of magnetic susceptibility weighted imaging in diffuse axonal injury / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To study the diagnostic value of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and investigate the relationship between SWI and clinical prognosis. MethodsTwenty patients (15 males and 5 females) with DAI were included in this study. Routine sequences (T1WI, T2WI and FLAIR) and SWI were performed on a 3.0 T MRI scanner. There were 8 cases whose Glasgow score scale (GCS) ranged from 3.0 to 5.0, 4 cases from 6.0 to 8.0 and 8 from 9.0 to 12.0. The interval time between injury and examination were from 3 hours to 20 days. The number and volume of lesions observed on SWI and routine sequence were compared using Mann-Whitney U-test and paired t-test. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the number and volume of all lesions and GCS. Results The lesions showed punctate, beaded, patchy and cord-like hypointense signal with various size on SWI (lesion diameter <2.0 cm). Distribution of lesions was multifocal with clear boundary. Routine MRI scan found a total of 78 lesions, while SWI sequence detected 424 lesions. The number of the lesions found on SWI was more than that on conventional MRI (U=-15.447,P＜0.01). The total volume of the lesions measured on routine MRI and SWI were 19 340 mm3 and 38 042 mm3, respectively. The total volume measured on SWI was more than that on routine MR (t=5.870,P＜0.01). The number and volume of all lesions were negatively correlated with GCS (r=-0.802, -0.767, P＜0.01). Conclusion SWI sequence could find more bleeding lesions than the routine MRI sequences. The number and the volume of the lesions were closely related to GCS. SWI showed high value in the diagnosis and prediction of the prognosis of DAI.