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Objective:To explore the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in invasive breast cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics.Methods:A total of 651 paraffin-embedded specimens of newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer patients including 98 cases of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in the Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University from January 2018 to August 2019 were collected. The immunohistochemical EnVision method was used to detect the expression of PD-L1 protein in tumor cells of breast invasive cancer and infiltrating lymphocytes. The expression rate of PD-L1 in tumor cells of cancer section tissues and tumor interstitial lymphocytes ≥1% was positive and < 1% was negative.Results:The positive expression rate of PD-L1 expression in breast invasive carcinoma was 47.0% (306/651), among which the positive expression rate of TNBC was 69.3% (68/98). PD-L1 had a high positive expression rate in patients with high World Health Organization (WHO) grade, large tumor size, vascular invasion, advanced pathological stage, negative estrogen receptor (ER) expression, negative progesterone receptor (PR) expression, positive p53, positive CK5/6, positive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and high Ki-67 value (all P < 0.05). In TNBC, PD-L1 had a high positive expression rate in patients with high WHO grade, invaded nerves, high Ki-67 value, positive CK5/6, and positive EGFR (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that WHO grade ( HR = 1.511, 95% CI 1.139-2.003, P = 0.004), Ki-67 value ( HR = 1.847, 95% CI 1.259-2.709, P = 0.002), p53 expression ( HR = 2.083, 95% CI 1.487-2.916, P < 0.01), and EGFR expression ( HR = 3.490, 95% CI 2.002-6.086, P < 0.01) were independent influencing factors of PD-L1 expression. Conclusions:PD-L1 is highly expressed in invasive breast cancer, especially in TNBC. It could be used as a potential treatment target for patients with invasive breast cancer.
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Objective:To explore the relationships between serum lipids, CA153 level and breast cancer incidence and clinicopathological features of patients.Methods:A total of 198 patients with breast cancer diagnosed and treated at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School were enrolled as the case group, and 198 healthy women were selected with 1∶1 age pairing as controls. Five milliliters of fasting venous blood was collected to measure serum lipids levels in all subjects and CA153 levels in breast cancer patients. The difference of serum lipids levels between the two groups was compared. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of breast cancer. For 165 breast cancer patients who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, independent sample t-test was used to compare serum lipids and CA153 levels in breast cancer patients with different pathological features, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to calculate the correlation between variables and CA153. Results:The triglyceride (TG) levels in the case group and the control group were (1.22±0.73) mmol/L and (1.06±0.52) mmol/L respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.559, P=0.011); the total cholesterol (TC) levels were (4.47±0.86) mmol/L and (4.99±0.80) mmol/L respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-6.228, P<0.001); the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were (1.32±0.34) mmol/L and (1.53±0.38) mmol/L respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-5.913, P<0.001). Higher TC and HDL-C levels were independent protective factors for breast cancer ( OR=0.350, P<0.001; OR=0.531, P=0.013). The TC levels in lymph node positive and lymph node negative patients were (4.36±0.73) mmol/L and (4.67±0.83) mmol/L respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.518, P=0.013); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were (2.53±0.58) mmol/L and (2.77±0.70) mmol/L respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.312, P=0.022). The TC levels in patients with stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ were (4.90±0.89) mmol/L and (4.46±0.76) mmol/L respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.855, P=0.005); LDL-C levels were (2.95±0.71) mmol/L and (2.60±0.63) mmol/L respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.705, P=0.008). The level of CA153 in triple-negative breast cancer patients [(14.94±7.45) U/ml] was significantly higher than that in non-triple-negative breast cancer patients [(11.96±5.96) U/ml], and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.359, P=0.020). The level of CA153 was positively correlated with the level of TG ( r=0.167, P=0.032). Conclusion:Dyslipidemia is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The levels of serum lipids vary among patients with different lymph node status and tumor stages. CA153 level is positively correlated with TG level to some extent.
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Surgery is so far the most widely used and effective treatment of neoplastic diseases.However,residual tumour cells during surgery remain a major trigger of cancer recurrence and matastasis.Although intraoperative rapid pathological R0 resection can be achieved based on preoperative imageological examination,but for small satellite lesions and the naked eye can not find the error quickly and so often cause pathological presence of residual tumour cells.Thus,quick and accurate identification of residual cancer cells is crucial for prognosis of cancer patients.Indocyanine green (ICG) is a new type of fluorochrome that can stain tumours under the near-infrared fluorescence during surgery,the paper will be reviewed latest developments in the reagent for fluorescence in tumours.
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92 type 2 diabetics with DPN were treated by cobamamide (n=46) vs vitamin B12 (n=46) for 4 weeks.Cobamamide improved the spontaneous pain, numbness of limbs, nerve reflection and nerve conduction velocities in higher rates as compared with vitamin B12 treatment, and did not cause obvious adverse reactions.
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92 type 2 diabetics with DPN were treated by cobamamide (n=46) vs vitamin B12 (n=46) for 4 weeks.Cobamamide improved the spontaneous pain, numbness of limbs, nerve reflection and nerve conduction velocities in higher rates as compared with vitamin B12 treatment, and did not cause obvious adverse reactions.