β-carotene regulates cancer stemness in colon cancer in vivo and in vitro

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES@#Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and has a high recurrence rate, which is associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs).β-carotene (BC) possesses antioxidant activity and several anticancer mechanisms. However, no investigation has examined its effect on colon cancer stemness.MATERIALS/METHODS: CD133 + CD44 + HCT116 and CD133+ CD44+ HT-29 cells were isolated and analyzed their self-renewal capacity by clonogenic and sphere formation assays.Expressions of several CSCs markers and Wnt/β-catenin signaling were examined. In addition, CD133+ CD44+ HCT116 cells were subcutaneously injected in xenograft mice and analyzed the effect of BC on tumor formation, tumor volume, and CSCs markers in tumors. @*RESULTS@#BC inhibited self-renewal capacity and CSC markers, including CD44, CD133, ALDH1A1, NOTCH1, Sox2, and β-catenin in vitro. The effects of BC on CSC markers were confirmed in primary cells isolated from human CRC tumors. BC supplementation decreased the number and size of tumors and delayed the tumor-onset time in xenograft mice injected with CD133+ CD44+ HCT116 cells. The inhibitory effect of BC on CSC markers and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in tumors was confirmed in vivo as well. @*CONCLUSIONS@#These results suggest that BC may be a potential therapeutic agent for colon cancer by targeting colon CSCs.

Curcumin and hesperetin attenuate D-galactose-induced brain senescence in vitro and in vivo

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES@#Brain senescence causes cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. It has also been demonstrated that curcumin (Cur) and hesperetin (Hes), both antioxidant polyphenolic compounds, mediate anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether Cur, Hes, and/or their combination exert anti-aging effects in D-galactose (Dg)-induced aged neuronal cells and rats.MATERIALS/METHODS: SH-SY5Y cells differentiated in response to retinoic acid were treated with Cur (1 μM), Hes (1 μM), or a combination of both, followed by 300 mM Dg.Neuronal loss was subsequently evaluated by measuring average neurite length and analyzing expression of β-tubulin III, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and neurofilament heavy polypeptide. Cellular senescence and related proteins, p16 and p21, were also investigated, including their regulation of antioxidant enzymes. In vivo, brain aging was induced by injecting 250 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) Dg. The effects of supplementing this model with 50 mg/kg b.w. Cur, 50 mg/kg b.w. Hes, or a combination of both for 3 months were subsequently evaluated. Brain aging was examined with a step-through passive avoidance test and apoptosis markers were analyzed in brain cortex tissues. @*RESULTS@#Cur, Hes, and their combination improved neuron length and cellular senescence by decreasing the number of β-gal stained cells, down-regulated expression of p16 and p21, and up-regulated expression of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase 1, glutathione peroxidase 1, and catalase. Administration of Cur, Hes, or their combination also tended to ameliorate cognitive impairment and suppress apoptosis in the cerebral cortex by downregulating Bax and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase expression and increasing Bcl-2 expression. @*CONCLUSIONS@#Cur and Hes appear to attenuate Dg-induced brain aging via regulation of antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis. These results suggest that Cur and Hes may mediate neuroprotective effects in the aging process, and further study of these antioxidant polyphenolic compounds is warranted.

Effect of vitamin C on azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis-associated early colon cancer in mice

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C on inflammation, tumor development, and dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammation-associated early colon cancer mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with AOM [10 mg/kg body weight (b.w)] and given two 7-d cycles of 2% DSS drinking water with a 14 d inter-cycle interval. Vitamin C (60 mg/kg b.w. and 120 mg/kg b.w.) was supplemented by gavage for 5 weeks starting 2 d after the AOM injection. RESULTS: The vitamin C treatment suppressed inflammatory morbidity, as reflected by disease activity index (DAI) in recovery phase and inhibited shortening of the colon, and reduced histological damage. In addition, vitamin C supplementation suppressed mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and reduced expression of the proliferation marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, compared to observations of AOM/DSS animals. Although the microbial composition did not differ significantly between the groups, administration of vitamin C improved the level of inflammation-related Lactococcus and JQ084893 to control levels. CONCLUSION: Vitamin C treatment provided moderate suppression of inflammation, proliferation, and certain inflammation-related dysbiosis in a murine model of colitis associated-early colon cancer. These findings support that vitamin C supplementation can benefit colonic health. Long-term clinical studies with various doses of vitamin C are warranted.

Regulation of Inflammation by Sucrose Isomer, Turanose, in Raw 264.7 Cells

Increased sugar consumption has been proposed to be a risk factor for obesity-related metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of turanose in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Turanose (3-O-α-D-glucosyl-D-fructose), an isomer of sucrose, naturally exists in honey. For these studies, macrophages were treated with total glucose (Glu), 50% Glu/50% turanose (T50), 25% Glu/75% turanose (T75), and 100% turanose (T100), each with a total concentration of 25 mM in cell media. Expressions of inflammatory enzymes and cytokines were analyzed. Cell viability was not affected in the turanose treated groups compared to the Glu group. Lipopolysaccharide and glucose-induced nitric oxide production, protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX-2, and superoxide dismutase 2, and mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were significantly suppressed by turanose treatment. These results demonstrate that turanose exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, and possesses potential to serve therapeutic functional sweetener for testing in vivo and in clinical trials.

D-Xylose as a sugar complement regulates blood glucose levels by suppressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCK) in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats and by enhancing glucose uptake in vitro

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more frequently diagnosed and is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. D-Xylose, a sucrase inhibitor, may be useful as a functional sugar complement to inhibit increases in blood glucose levels. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of D-xylose both in vitro and stretpozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA)-induced models in vivo. MATERIALS/METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: (i) normal control; (ii) diabetic control; (iii) diabetic rats supplemented with a diet where 5% of the total sucrose content in the diet was replaced with D-xylose; and (iv) diabetic rats supplemented with a diet where 10% of the total sucrose content in the diet was replaced with D-xylose. These groups were maintained for two weeks. The effects of D-xylose on blood glucose levels were examined using oral glucose tolerance test, insulin secretion assays, histology of liver and pancreas tissues, and analysis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCK) expression in liver tissues of a STZ-NA-induced experimental rat model. Levels of glucose uptake and insulin secretion by differentiated C2C12 muscle cells and INS-1 pancreatic beta-cells were analyzed. RESULTS: In vivo, D-xylose supplementation significantly reduced fasting serum glucose levels (P < 0.05), it slightly reduced the area under the glucose curve, and increased insulin levels compared to the diabetic controls. D-Xylose supplementation enhanced the regeneration of pancreas tissue and improved the arrangement of hepatocytes compared to the diabetic controls. Lower levels of PEPCK were detected in the liver tissues of D-xylose-supplemented rats (P < 0.05). In vitro, both 2-NBDG uptake by C2C12 cells and insulin secretion by INS-1 cells were increased with D-xylose supplementation in a dose-dependent manner compared to treatment with glucose alone. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, D-xylose exerted anti-diabetic effects in vivo by regulating blood glucose levels via regeneration of damaged pancreas and liver tissues and regulation of PEPCK, a key rate-limiting enzyme in the process of gluconeogenesis. In vitro, D-xylose induced the uptake of glucose by muscle cells and the secretion of insulin cells by beta-cells. These mechanistic insights will facilitate the development of highly effective strategy for T2D.

Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract by suppressing lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory mediators in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells co-cultured with RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, involves chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Previously, Sasa quelpaertensis leaves have been shown to mediate anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effects, although it remains unclear whether Sasa leaves are able to attenuate inflammation-related intestinal diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) using an in vitro co-culture model of the intestinal epithelial environment. MATERIALS/METHODS: An in vitro co-culture system was established that consisted of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation. RESULTS: Treatment with SQE significantly suppressed the secretion of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-6, and IL-1beta in co-cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were down-regulated in response to inhibition of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation by SQE. Compared with two bioactive compounds that have previously been identified in SQE, tricin and P-coumaric acid, SQE exhibited the most effective anti-inflammatory properties. CONCLUSIONS: SQE exhibited intestinal anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting various inflammatory mediators mediated through nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-kB) activation. Thus, SQE has the potential to ameliorate inflammation-related diseases, including IBD, by limiting excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators.

Dietary Patterns and Their Associations with the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) in Korean Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

The aim of this study was to examine dietary pattern, nutritional intake, and diet quality of Korean pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Between October 2008 and May 2012, 166 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM completed a questionnaire and dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day food record. Blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations were measured and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Two major dietary patterns ("carbohydrate and vegetable" and "western" patterns) were identified through factor analysis. Dietary pattern scores for each dietary pattern were categorized into tertiles. The dietary quality index-international (DQI-I) was used to measure overall diet quality. Subjects with higher carbohydrate and vegetable pattern scores reported less physical activity (p < 0.05) and have higher diastolic blood pressure levels (p = 0.05). After adjusting for age and energy intake, higher carbohydrate and vegetable pattern scores were associated with higher sodium intakes (p = 0.02), but lower intakes of fat (p = 0.002) and other micronutrients. On the other hand, higher western pattern scores were associated with higher fat intake (p = 0.0001), but lower intakes of sodium (p = 0.01) and other micronutrients. Higher scores for both dietary patterns were associated with lower scores in the moderation category of the DQI-I (p < 0.0001). HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels were significantly lower among participants with high DQI-I than those with low DQI-I (p < 0.05). The study findings suggest that many Korean women with GDM do not consume nutritionally adequate or balanced diets, regardless of dietary pattern.

Effects of plant-based Korean food extracts on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in vitro

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The traditional Korean diet is plant-based and rich in antioxidants. Previous studies have investigated the potential health benefits of individual nutrients of Korean foods. However, the cumulative effects of a Korean diet on inflammation remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of a plant-based Korean diet. MATERIALS/METHODS: Using data from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 75 individual plant food items were selected which represent over 1% of the total diet intake of the Korean diet. These items were classified into ten different food groups, and the vegetable (Veg) and fruit (Fruit) groups were studied based on their high antioxidant capacity. For comparison, a mixture of all ten groups (Mix) was prepared. To produce a model of inflammation with which to test these Veg, Fruit, and Mix plant-based Korean food extracts (PKE), RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS: Levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as well as protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were found to be lower following PKE treatment. Furthermore, PKE treatment was found to suppress tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) via the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway. Overall, the Mix group exhibited the greatest anti-inflammatory effects compared with Veg and Fruit PKE group. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators by the PKE tested was found to involve an inhibition of NF-kB activation. Moreover, PKE tested have the potential to ameliorate various inflammation-related diseases by limiting the excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators.

The Effects of Interleukin-17 on Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Cultured Rheumatoid Arthritis Synoviocytes / 대한류마티스학회지

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the the effects of interleukin-17 (IL-17)on the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)from cultured rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. METHODS: Fibroblast-like synovial cells(FLS)were prepared from the synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis patients and cultured in the presence of IL-17, IL-17 with or without transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-beta),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha)and interleukin-1 beta(IL-1 beta).VEGF levels were determined in the culture supernatants by sandwitch ELISA. RESULTS: Stimulation of FLS by serial concentration of IL-17,TGF-beta,TNF-alpha,IL-1 beta increased the production of VEGF by 2.1-2.7,2.2-3.0,2.0-2.9,2.3-3.1 fold over the constitutive levels of unstimulated FLS.Stimulation of FLS by IL- 17 with TGF-beta or TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta also increased the production of VEGF accord-ing to culture periods by 1.6-1.8,1.1-1.9,1.5-1.7 fold over the levels stimulated with TGF-beta or TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta,respectively.This results indicated that IL-17 increased the effect of TGF-beta,TNF-alpha,IL-1 beta on FLS,leading synergistic enhancement of VEGF production. CONCLUSION: IL-17 may be involved in the neovascularization in rheumatoid synovitis by enhancing the production of VEGF.

Ultra-Structures And 14C-mannitol Transport Study of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells using ALI Culture Technique / 결핵

BACKGROUND: The information on nasal transport and the metabolism of peptides have been obtained from pharmacokinetic investigations in experimental animals. However, there are no transport and metabolic studies of human nasal epithelial cells. In this study, the permeability characteristics and the metabolic properties of in vitro human nasal cell monolayers were investigated. Material and METHODS: Normal human inferior nasal conchal tissue samples were obtained from patients undergoing endoscopic nasal cavitary surgery. The specimens were cultured in a transwell using an air-liquid interface (ALI) culture, and the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value of the blank filter and confluent cell monolayers were measured. To determine the % leakage of mannitol, 4µmol 14C-labelled mannitol was added and the % leakage was measured every 10 minute for 1 hour. RESULT: Human nasal epithelial cells in the primary culture grew to a confluent monolayer within 7 days and expressed microvilli. The tight junction between the cells was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The TEER value of the blank filter, fifth day and seventh day reached 108.5 ohm.cm2, 141 ohm.cm2 and 177.5 ohm.cm2, respectively. Transcellular % leakage of the 14C-mannitol at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes was 35.67±5.43, 34.42±5.60, 32.75±5.71, 31.76±4.22, 30.96±3.49 and 29.60±3.68 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: The human nasal epithelial monolayer using ALI using techniques is suitable for a transcellular permeability study. The data suggests that human nasal epithelial cells in as ALI culture technique shows some promise for a nasal transport and metabolism study.

The Clinical Applicability of Power Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in the Initial Phase of Hemorrhagic Shock

No abstract available.

Serially Passaged Normal Human Nasal Epithelial Cells: Morphology and Mucous Secretory Differentiation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a subculturing technique that allows the formation of large amounts of normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE) cells without compromising the cells' ability to differentiate into secretory and ciliated cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Freshly isolated nasal epithelial cells, collected from normal inferior turbinates, were subcultured repeatedly in a serum-free medium on plastic culture dishes. The subcultured cells were tested for growth curve and electromicroscopic characteristics in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures and for mucous secretory differentiation. RESULTS: The cultures grew rapidly during the first three passages, demonstrating a 20- to 40-fold expansion with each subculture. Ciliogenesis usually started on day 12 and the cultured cells formed cellular sheets exhibiting microvilli in the apical membrane, intracytoplasmic secretory granules, electron lucent, scant endoplasmic reticulum and complex tight junctions on the basolateral side. Passage-1 (P-1) and passage-2 (P-2) cells maintained their potential to differentiate into mucin-secretory and ciliated epithelial cells, and this potential was confirmed by immunocytochemistry with H6C5 and transmission electron microscopy. Although the number of NHNE cells on day 16 of culture decreased as the passage progressed from P-1 to P-3, the relative number of secretory cells did not significantly change. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, P-2 NHNE cell cultures retain the features of normal epithelium and are suitable for conducting many studies on upper airway cell biology.

Hepatitis C Viral Markers in the Recipients Before and After Kidney Transplantation / 대한임상병리학회지

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been identified as one of the most frequent causative agent of posttransplant non-A, non-B hepatitis, but the significance of anti-HCV antibodies after transplantation remains controversial. In the present study, we performed anti-HCV and HCV-RNA RT-PCR (HCV PCR) in the kidney recipients to assess the incidence and the outcome of HCV markers after transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In randomly selected 95 patients' paired sera (before and after transplant samples, respectively), we performed anti-HCV test by Abbott HCV EIA 3.0. We also performed HCV PCR in 80 paired sera of the 95 patients. We evaluated the incidence of anti-HCV and HCV PCR and compared the results in the kidney recipients between anti-HCV test and HCV PCR before and after transplantation. RESULTS: In the recipients' sera before transplantation, 16 (16.8%) among 95 sera were anti-HCV positive and 27 (33.8%) among 80 sera were HCV RNA positive. Among the 80 pretransplant sera performed HCV PCR, 23 (28.8%) discordant results were noted between anti-HCV and HCV PCR, and 17 sera among these were HCV PCR positive and anti-HCV negative. A seroconversion from anti-HCV negative to positive after transplantation was observed in 10 sera, but a conversion from positive to negative was not observed. In case of HCV PCR, a conversion from negative to positive was observed in 21 paired sera, and positive to negative in 13 paired sera. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated that disapperance of anti-HCV antibodies after transplantation in kidney recipients was rare. The overall concordance rates between anti-HCV test and HCV PCR in the recipients before and after renal transplantation were lower than other non-transplanted groups reported, and it may be due to the immunosuppressive therapy or the changes in immunoregulatory function of the patients. Further study such as follow-up liver function tests or liver biopsy will be needed for accurate decision about posttransplant HCV status of kidney recipients.

Cardiac Arrest During Hip Arthroplasty and Postoperative Delirium in the Elderly Patient: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

An Eighty-year-old female patient was transferred to the operating room for hip arthroplasty under the general anesthesia. Immediately after injection of two units of methylmethacrylate bone cement into the intramedullary canal, systolic blood pressure rapidly decreased and cardiac arrest occurred. The patient was turned to the supine position and was successfully resuscitated with intravenous administration of fluids, injection of epinephrine and external cardiac massage. In the intensive-care unit, she was treated for acute pulmonary edema. Three days later, postoperative delirium was developed. She spoke incoherently, was disoriented, and showed impairment of memory and attention. She was treated with haloperidol, lorazepam and sedative drug, five days later recovered. The patient was discharged to home without any sequelaes, but she died due to pneumonia two months later postoperatively at home.

Cardiac Arrest During Hip Arthroplasty and Postoperative Delirium in the Elderly Patient: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

An Eighty-year-old female patient was transferred to the operating room for hip arthroplasty under the general anesthesia. Immediately after injection of two units of methylmethacrylate bone cement into the intramedullary canal, systolic blood pressure rapidly decreased and cardiac arrest occurred. The patient was turned to the supine position and was successfully resuscitated with intravenous administration of fluids, injection of epinephrine and external cardiac massage. In the intensive-care unit, she was treated for acute pulmonary edema. Three days later, postoperative delirium was developed. She spoke incoherently, was disoriented, and showed impairment of memory and attention. She was treated with haloperidol, lorazepam and sedative drug, five days later recovered. The patient was discharged to home without any sequelaes, but she died due to pneumonia two months later postoperatively at home.

Sequence Analysis of 'a' Determinant in Two Patients with De Novo HBV Infection after Renal Transplantation / 대한간학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: HBV infection can be seen after organ transplantation. The presence of anti-Bs in serum means protection from HBV infection. If amino acids were mutated in 'a' determinant which was a common antigenic epitope of HBsAg, escape from humoral immunity can occur. Recently, in chronic HBV infected patients who received liver transplantation but reinfected by HBV, many authors reported mutations in 'a' determinant sequence. However, in renal transplantation, there were few reports about HBV infection and 'a' determinant mutation after transplantation. Therefore, we studied the incidence of HBV reinfection after renal transplantation and also tried to analyze 'a' determinant sequence in those patients. METHODS: We reviewed HBsAg-egative patients who received renal transplantation in our hospital, but turned HBsAg positive after transplantation. We selected two patients who were anti-Bs positive before transplantation but turned HBsAg positive after transplantation, and analyzed 'a' determinant of amino acid sequence of these patients. RESULTS: Among 1682 patients who were HBsAg negative before transplantation, 21 patients were turned HBsAg positive after transplantation. Among them, 6 patients were anti-Bs positive before transplantation. Sequence analysis of the 'a' determinant amino acid in two patients whose HBsAg turned positive after transplantation revealed no evidence of mutation in comparison with previously reported subtype 'a' determinant sequences. CONCLUSION: In renal transplantation, HBV could be reinfected in patients who had been anti-Bs positive before transplantation even without mutation in 'a' determinant region.

Establishment and Characterization of a Novel Cell Line (PNUH-12) Derived from a Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cancer cell line is the basic material of various cancer research. Diverse cancer cell lines from various head and neck regions are needed for biologic research of head and neck cancer. However, cell lines derived from head and neck cancer are not common. Recently, we have established and characterized a novel human squamous carcinoma cell line, PNUH-12, from the hypopharynx. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Among trials of twenty cases of head and neck cancer, we established only one specimen succeeded culture passage over 50. We characterized the cell line as follows: growth pattern and curve, morphology using phase contrast microscope and transmission electromicroscope, chromosomal anaysis, flow cytometric analysis, tumorigenecity by xenograft of cell line into nude mouse and morphological comparison, expression of cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin, and P 53 mutation and its sequencing. RESULTS: PNUH-12 showed typical growth pattern of cancer cell line, representative morphological characteristics of squamous epithelial cell origin, multiple numerical and structural clonal abnormalities of chromosome, aneuploidy pattern of flow cytometry, and strong expression of cytokeratin. The formed tumor of nude mouse showed the identical histopathological phenotype (squamous cell carcinoma) of the original tumor of patient and similar morphology of PNUH-12. There was one point mutation of 78th base, C to G, in exon 7 of P53 gene. CONCLUSION: PNUH-12 can be a good control material and successufully bestowed to researchers for study of biology in head and neck cancer. There still needed more head and neck cancer cell lines from various regions and diverse cell types in future.

Usefulness of ultrasound guided percutaneous needle biopsy in the renal allograft / 대한이식학회지

No abstract available.

The outcome of pregnancy following renal transplantation / 대한이식학회지

No abstract available.

The surgical approach to urologic complications of 1,000 renal transplants / 대한이식학회지

No abstract available.