Justicidin A Reduces β-Amyloid via Inhibiting Endocytosis of β-Amyloid Precursor Protein

β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) can be cleaved by α-, and γ-secretase at plasma membrane producing soluble ectodomain fragment (sAPPα). Alternatively, following endocytosis, APP is cleaved by β-, and γ-secretase at early endosomes generating β-amyloid (Aβ), the main culprit in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, APP endocytosis is critical for Aβ production. Recently, we reported that Monsonia angustifolia, the indigenous vegetables consumed in Tanzania, improved cognitive function and decreased Aβ production. In this study, we examined the underlying mechanism of justicidin A, the active compound of M. angustifolia, on Aβ production. We found that justicidin A reduced endocytosis of APP, increasing sAPPα level, while decreasing Aβ level in HeLa cells overexpressing human APP with the Swedish mutation. The effect of justicidin A on Aβ production was blocked by endocytosis inhibitors, indicating that the decreased APP endocytosis by justicidin A is the underlying mechanism. Thus, justicidin A, the active compound of M. angustifolia, may be a novel agent for AD treatment.

Intramuscular Lipoma of the Frontalis Muscle

Intramuscular lipomas are benign soft-tissue mesenchymal tumors which rarely occur in the region of the head. These tumors present as slow-growing, generally painless masses and are easily misdiagnosed initially as epidermal inclusion cysts. We describe a 44-year-old woman who presented with an intramuscular lipoma of the frontalis muscle.

A Case of Targetoid Hemosiderotic Hemangioma / 대한피부과학회지

We describe a 23-year-old man showing typically clinical and histological features of targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. About 35 cases of this newly-described entity have been reported since the first description by Santa Cruz and Aronherg in 1988. It is important to distinguish these tumors from patch stage Kaposi's sarcoma, retiform hemangioendothelioma and progressive lymphangioma.

A case of loiasis

The prevalence of Loa loa infections in non-endemic areas such as Korea is very low, even though it is quite common in the endemic regions of West and Central Africa. We describe a patient who presented with temporary localized edema (classical Calabar swellings) after travelling to Cameroon and in whom the diagnosis of loiasis was made by ELISA. This is the second reported case of loiasis in Korea. As international travel is becoming more frequent, Loa loa infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients with eosinophilia and Calabar swellings in Korea.

Prurigo Pigmentosa:A Report of 5 Cases with a Review of the Korean Literature

Prurigo pigmentosa(PP) is a rare dermatosis with an unknown cause characterized by intensely pruritic papules that resolve with reticulate pigmentation. It is a disease entitity commonly reported in Japan but seemingly rare in other parts of the world. We report 5 cases that clinically and histopathologically fulfilled the characterisitics of PP and were treated with dapsone resulting in significant clinical improvement.

Four Cases of Pigmentary Dermacation Lines of Pregnancy with Erythema

Pigmentary dermarcation lines are boundaries between more deeply pigmented skin and areas of lighter pigmentation. We report 4 cases of pigmentary demarcation lines of pregnancy associated with erythema which developed in the third trimester of pregnancy and were symmetrically located in the buttock and posteromedial portion of the lower extremities. After delivery, the erythema disappeared within 3-7 days, followed by slow resolution of the brownish pigmentation.

The influence of pregnancy on Behcet's disease

Behcet's disease is a multisystem disorder that affects mainly young adults. Conflicting reports of the effects of pregnancy on the course of Behcet's disease have been reported. We studied 27 pregnant women with Behcet's disease using questionnaires, clinical examination, and laboratory tests. The condition of 18 patients worsened (66.7%) and 9 patients (33.3%) improved during pregnancy. In the deteriorated group, clinical exacerbation of Behcet's disease occurred most commonly during the first trimester (77.8%). They were primarily of the suspected or mucocutaneous type, while in the improved group, the majority of patients were of the incomplete and complete type, or the arthritic and ocular type. Of interest was the fact that all patients in the improved group showed exacerbations related to menstruation or postpartum, which indicated that progesterone may be the major hormone influencing the course of Behcet's disease.