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Objective:Based on the modified ultracentrifugation method, the outer membrane vesicles (OMV) secreted by Klebsiella pneumoniae were rapidly separated, identified and quantified. Methods:Standard strains of classic Klebsiella Pneumoniae (cKP) purchased from the Clinical Laboratory Center of the National Health Commission, and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) which was donated by Taiwan University were cultured in M9 basal media for 9 hours, and the OMV were extracted by modified ultracentrifugation. The shape and size of OMV were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), relative quantification by Stewart phospholipids analysis method. Two groups were compared using independent samples t test. Results:It was observed under the TEM that most of the OMV secreted by cKP and hvKP showed spherical vesicle structure and a small part were irregular. The diameter of OMV ranged from 20 to 250 nm, multiple vesicles could be seen in clusters. Relative quantification found that the number of OMV secreted by hvKP were more than cKP ( P<0.05). Conclusions:This study successfully achieved the extraction, identification and quantification of OMV from Klebsiella pneumoniae through the modified ultracentrifugation method, which provided a foundation for further study about the function and mechanism of OMV, and also provided new ideas for the treatment of bacteria. Based on the ultracentrifugation method, the OMV secreted by Klebsiella pneumoniae were rapidly separated and extracted, then identified and quantified.
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Wulingsan， a classic prescription first recorded in the Treatise on Cold Damage （Shang Han Lun） by ZHANG Zhong-jing for patients with water retention syndrome due to the disturbance of Qi transformation in bladder， has often been modified by ancient and modern doctors for the treatment of renal diseases. It produced satisfactory outcomes without inducing adverse reactions. The databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform， and PubMed were searched for articles concerning the clinical application and pharmacological mechanism of Wulingsan in the treatment of renal diseases published by domestic and foreign scholars in recent years. The summary of the included articles revealed that Wulingsan has been widely employed for the treatment of renal edema， diabetic nephropathy， acute and chronic glomerulonephritis， nephrotic syndrome， renal insufficiency， abnormal urination， etc.， and the resulting outcomes were satisfactory. Wulingsan alone or in combination with western medicine yielded better clinical outcomes than the western medicine alone. In the exploration of its pharmacological mechanism， there existed some individual reports by Korean scholars， while Chinese scholars tended to work as a team. After years of research， each team has found that Wulingsan was superior to Wulingsan decoction in excreting water， which might be related to the absence of massive low-polarity and volatile components in the decoction that were responsible for regulating the expression of aquaporins （AQP） in kidney of saline-loaded rats. Wulingsan regulates the endocrine state of rats with kidney yang deficiency， inhibits the reabsorption of water， increases the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase， and reduces the expression of AQP 1， AQP 2， AQP 3， and AQP 4. Besides， it bi-directionally regulates the human water metabolism， which is achieved via the dual-directional regulation of purinergic P2X3 receptor expression on bladder detrusor. The efficacy of Wulingsan in treating chronic renal failure is attributed to its protection against the damaged renal tissue，structure and fanction. Hence， this paper summarized the research progress of Wulingsan in the treatment of renal diseases in recent years， aiming to provide a reference for the clinical and basic exploration of Wulingsan against renal diseases in the future.
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Objective To explore the clinical effect of Bayesian discriminant analysis in predicting the risk of macrosomia. Methods 169 fetal macrosomia and 169 non-macrosomia were enrolled in a 1:1 matched case-control study. Conditional Logistic regression was used to select the discriminant indexes,and the discriminant indexes were put into the Bayesian discriminant model to obtain the Bayesian discriminant function. The discriminant function was the retrospectively examined and externally tested. Results The results of conditional Logistic regression model indicated that mother's height, early pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational diabetes, gestational weeks, the height of uterine and abdominal circumference were associated with the birth of fetal macrosomia. The Bayesian discriminant function were established: Fetal macrosomia:y1=-27.802+8.420×Mother＇s height+8.719×early pregnancy BMI+10.485×gestational weeks+3.375×gestational diabetes+2.862×height of uterine and abdominal circumference; Non-macrosomia y2=-17.477+7.161×Mother＇s height+7.217×early pregnancy BMI+7.862×gestational weeks+2.036×gestational diabetes-0.085×height of uterine and abdominal circumference. Wilks′ Lambda λ=0.489, P<0.001, the Bayesian discriminant function was statistically significant. The internal and external conformity rates of the Bayesian discriminant model were all more than 80%. Conclutions The birth of fetal macrosomia is related to many factors. The Bayesian discriminant model in the present study is valuable to discriminate macrosomia and provide an objective reference for more accurate identification of macrosomia in the future.
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Objective To investigate the effects of blue light on the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea in mice by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods Totally 40 mice were collected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group,with 20 mice in each group,and the experimental mice were raised in the blue light environment from 8 to 16 hours per day,while the controls were reared in normal environment.Then the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea in both groups were measured by OCTA before irradiation and one week,two weeks,one month,two months and three months after irradiation,respectively.Results Compared with pre-irradiation,the thickness of corneal epithelium of all regions did not change significantly in both groups at 1 week,2 weeks,and 1 month after irradiation,and the differences were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with before irradiation,the corneal epithelium thickness of the control group at 2 months and 3 months after irradiation did not change significantly,and there was no significant difference (both P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the corneal epithelium at central,nasal 5 mm,inferior 5 mm,and temporal 5 mm regions in the experimental group were significantly thickened,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜0.05).Three months after irradiation,compared with the control group,the thickness of corneal epithelium in the central and inner regions of the cornea and nasal 6 mm and temporal 6 mm regions of the experimental group were significantly thickened,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant change in the corneal full thickness between the experimental group and the control group before irradiation and 1 week,2 weeks,1 month,2 months,and 3 months after irradiation,and the differences were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).Furthermore,the difference in the extremum value of corneal epithelial thickness,namely the maximum and the minimum,was significantly different in both groups (P ＜ 0.05),but the difference in the extremum value of the full-thickness of the cornea was not significant in the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The blue light can change the thickness of corneal epithelium in mice,and the change of the central region is obvious,but the full-thickness of the cornea do not significantly change in a short term.
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Objective To explore the effects of benzalkonium bromide and citalopram on the corneal epithelium and corneal thickness of mice using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods Together 60 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (group A,B,C,D and E;n =12),with group A left untreated,group B receiving PBS eye drops,group C given benzalkonium bromide eye drops,group D undergoing intraperitoneal administration of citalopram suspension,and group E treated with combination of benzalkonium bromide eye drops and citalopram suspension.After 2 weeks,OCTA was applied for corneal subarea,followed by measurement of the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea of all mice,and then the mean values were calculated.Results The thickness of corneal epithelium and fullthickness of the cornea was (66 ±7) μm and (141 ± 11) μm in the group A,(66 ± 8) μm and (140 ± 12) μm in the group B and D,(73 ± 10) μm and (141 ± 14) μm in the group C,(76 ± 12) μm and (141 ± 15) μm in the E group,respectively.And there was no significant difference in the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment in the group A,B and D (all P ＞ 0.05),but both variables were markedly thickened in group C and E 2 weeks after treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜0.05).Moreover,the increased levels on the both variables in the group E was higher than those in the group C 2 weeks after treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (both P ＜ 0.05).The average thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea in the group C and E were significantly thickened after treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The average values of both variables in the group C and E were obviously larger than those in the group A,and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Citalopram alone has no significant effects on the corneal thickness by OCTA,whereas both the thickness of corneal epithelium and fullthickness of the cornea tend to thicken by benzalkonium bromide treatment,which has a synergistic effect on corneal thickening with citalopram.
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Plants from the genus Pyrola are widely distributed in North Temperate zone. The quinones, phenol glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids and volatile oil compounds have been identified from these plants. The in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that the genus Pyrola plants exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antitumor, antibacterial, anti-ischemia and anti-inflammatory activities. Based on analysis of the literature of the genus Pyrola plant, this review summarized the research on chemical constituents, pharmacology and quality control in recent years which can provide evidences for further investigation on the genus Pyrola plants.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with herbal acupoint sticking in the treatment of Bell's palsy and provide optimizations for the clinic.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and two cases of Bell's palsy were randomized into an EA combined with herbal acupoint sticking group (group A, 50 cases) and an EA group (group B, 52 cases), EA at Cuanzhu (BL 2), Yangbai (GB 14), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Quanliao (SI 18),Xiaguan (ST 7), Yingxiang (LI 20), etc. were applied in both groups and "facial paralys No.I " was applied at Yifeng (TE 17) in group A, once daily and 10 times totally were needed. The score of facial nerve function, clinical efficacy were compared before and after treatment. At 1 and 3 month follow up visit, the quality of life scale( WHOQOL-BREF) and the occurrence of complication were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The scores of facial nerve function in group A and group B were all significantly improved compared with those before treatment (48. 2+/- 2. 9 vs 25. 7 +/- 4. 9, 45. 9 +/- 6. 2 vs 25. 8 +/- 5. 5, both P<O. 01), the cured rate in group A [82.0% (41/50)] were significantly superior to that in group B [67. 3% (35/52)](P<0. 05); the difference of WHOQOL-BREF in both groups at 1 and 3 month follow up visit was not significant(all P>0. 05). The occurrence of complication in group A (1 case) was significantly less than that in group B (8 cases, P 0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with EA, the combination of EA and acupoint sticking therapy for Bell's palsy cannot only improve the clinical efficacy and reduce the occurrence of complication but also reliable without any side effect.</p>
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Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Pontos de Acupuntura , Administração Cutânea , Paralisia de Bell , Tratamento Farmacológico , Terapêutica , Terapia Combinada , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Eletroacupuntura , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
To further understand the pathogenesis of pneumococcal meningitis, and provide some target candidates for the development of drugs. This study was performed at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine [Ministry of Education], Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China from March 2006 to December 2007. A promoter-trap library of Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4, reported by green fluorescent protein was constructed, and used to infect BALB/c mice [n=15] intranasally, to set up a meningitis model. The control group [n=5] were inoculated with sterile phosphate buffered saline. The bacteria containing the promoter fusions induced only in meningitis brain tissue, not in vitro were screened by differential fluorescence induction. The obtained bacteria were prepared to re-infect the mice and re-screened, as above. The sorted bacteria were spread on trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood agar plates containing chloramphenicol [2.5 micro g/ml], and were used for DNA cloning, sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 52 genes were obtained. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these in vivo induced genes were involved in functions such as, adherence, energy metabolism, nutrient substance transport, transcription regulation, DNA metabolism, as well as, cell wall synthesis. In addition, there were some genes encoding for some hypothetical proteins with unknown, or putative functions. Pneumococcal genes involved in meningitis identified in this study are potential targets to understand the pathogenesis of pneumococcal meningitis
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Animais , Feminino , Meningite Pneumocócica/microbiologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Virulência/genética , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Citometria de Fluxo , Separação Celular , CamundongosRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the safe use of 10% difenoconazole in planting Gentiana scabra.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The degradation dynamics of 10% ifenoconazole in the stems and leaves of G. scabra collecting in different time were determined by GC with ECD detection, and the half life of difenoconazole in the plant was calculated, and then the safe use method of 10% difenoconazole was formulated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Under the local climatic conditions, the half life of 10% difenoconazole was 6.84-6.90 days.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the good agricultural practice (GAP) of G. scabra, the maximal concentration of 10% difenoconazole is 400 g x ha(-1), the safety interval of using 10% difenoconazole is 40 days.</p>
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Agricultura , Métodos , Dioxolanos , Farmacocinética , Gentiana , Metabolismo , Meia-Vida , Folhas de Planta , Metabolismo , Caules de Planta , Metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Triazóis , FarmacocinéticaRESUMO
The saponins extracted from the stem of Asparagus officinalis L., is a glucoside. In the mean time, it solved the problem of environment pollution about wastes of Asparagus officinalis L., and made the waste useful. The factors affected extractive efficiency of the saponin from Asparagus officinalis L. was investigated. The optimal conditions were 95% alcohol; V/W = 6:1; 90 degrees C; 4h. The saponins average abstraction rate from fresh and dry wastes of Asparagus officinalis L. was 1.70% and 4.01% respectively. The saponins were dissociated with Al2O3 column. The eluent was 40% alcohol, the elute curves showed a symmetrical peak. The compound structure was determined by UV, IR and HPLC spectra et al. The results indicated that it belonged to the furostanol saponins and its glycosyl composed of xylose, fucose, arabinose, as well as the mole ratio was Xyl: Fuc : Ara = 1.0:0.13:19.42, Mw 18 500. In this paper, the saponins were extracted from wastes of Asparagus officinalis L. and analyzed glycosyl component in detail.
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Asparagus , Química , Monossacarídeos , Saponinas , QuímicaRESUMO
Aim The effect triptolide(Tri) on local stimulation was observed .Methods Tri solution in different concentrations was applied in rabbits, rats and mice and the respenses were observed .Results 1.11 ,2.22 and 4.44 mmol?L-1 of Tri induced obvious erythema and edema on both intact skin and injured skin of rabbits.The pathological histology revealed the evident inflammation in scarfskin and corium 2.22 mmol?L-1 and 4.44 mmol?L-1 of triptolide significantly induced swelling of auricle in mice.0.55 mmol?L-1 and 1.11 mmol?L-1 of Tri significantly induced swelling of planta in rats.The response of inflammation reached to peak at the third day after hypodermic injection and lasted a week.Tri also significantly induced pain reaction and enhanced the permeability of capillary after local injection in mice.Conclusion Tri has a local stimulation effect and induces inflammation which can not be antagonized by its anti-inflammation effect.
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No abstract available.