The effects of empathy and self concept on problem solving: Focusing on the mediating effect of communication of nursing students / 한국간호교육학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to identify the effect of nursing students' empathy and self-esteem on problem-solving ability through the mediated effect of communication skills. @*Methods@#Data were collected from 179 nursing students between 1 October and 30 October, 2018 from three universities in Gyeonggi-Do. Data on subjects’ general characteristics, empathy, self-esteem, communication skills, and problem solving ability were collected using a structured self-reporting questionnaire. @*Results@#Of the total subjects, 89.9% were female. The subjects' empathy was 3.40±0.36, self-esteem was 3.16±0.56, communication skills was 3.65±0.48, and problem-solving ability was 3.52±0.42. Communication skills showed a partial mediating effect on the relationship between empathy and problem solving ability. Communication skills also showed a partial mediating effect on the relationship between self-esteem and problem solving ability. @*Conclusion@#These findings indicate that it will be more effective to develop strategies that can improve empathy, self-esteem, and communication skills together when developing programs that improve problem-solving ability.

The effects of empathy and self concept on problem solving: Focusing on the mediating effect of communication of nursing students / 한국간호교육학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to identify the effect of nursing students' empathy and self-esteem on problem-solving ability through the mediated effect of communication skills. @*Methods@#Data were collected from 179 nursing students between 1 October and 30 October, 2018 from three universities in Gyeonggi-Do. Data on subjects’ general characteristics, empathy, self-esteem, communication skills, and problem solving ability were collected using a structured self-reporting questionnaire. @*Results@#Of the total subjects, 89.9% were female. The subjects' empathy was 3.40±0.36, self-esteem was 3.16±0.56, communication skills was 3.65±0.48, and problem-solving ability was 3.52±0.42. Communication skills showed a partial mediating effect on the relationship between empathy and problem solving ability. Communication skills also showed a partial mediating effect on the relationship between self-esteem and problem solving ability. @*Conclusion@#These findings indicate that it will be more effective to develop strategies that can improve empathy, self-esteem, and communication skills together when developing programs that improve problem-solving ability.

A Concept Analysis of Compliance in Kidney Transplant Recipient Including Compliance with Immunosuppressive Medication

Purpose@#Compliance in kidney transplant recipients is critical for a positive prognosis. Especially compliance with medications after kidney transplantation is a major health care issue with implications for graft rejection and graft loss. But the definition of compliance in transplantation varies among centers. The purpose of this study was to clarify the concept of compliance in kidney transplant recipients. @*Methods@#A literature search was conducted using RISS, MEDLINE, CINAHL. The concept analysis was guided by the methodology posited by Walker and Avant. @*Results@#In this study, we found the attributes of the concept: ‘compliance with immunosuppressive medication’, ‘compliance with follow-up’, ‘compliance with early detection of graft rejection and complication’, and ‘compliance with prevention of complication’. The antecedents of ‘compliance in kidney transplant recipients’ included ‘having a kidney transplant surgery’ and ‘normal function of transplanted kidney’. The consequences of ‘compliance in kidney transplant recipients’ included ‘affecting the function of the transplanted kidney’ and ‘affecting the health of kidney transplant recipients. @*Conclusion@#This study may contribute to the development of tools for measuring compliance in kidney transplant recipients, as well as benefit nursing interventions research to increase compliance in kidney transplant recipients.

Effect of Smoking Duration, Smoked Cigarettes per Day and Cessation Period on Pulmonary Function in Ex-smokers: Based on the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data (KNHANES, 2016)

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking duration, smoked cigarettes per day and smoking cessation period on pulmonary function among ex-smokers: based on the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS: This study was analyzed using the 6th KNHANES data. Pulmonary function tests were performed on a total of 4,214 adults (>40 years old). A total of 770 adults ex-smokers were eligible for inclusion in the final analysis. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and FEV₁/FEV were measured to evaluate pulmonary function. RESULTS: This study showed that there were significant differences in both FEV₁ and FVC values based on gender, age and height, among ex-smokers. FEV₁/FVC significantly differed by age, height and the smoking duration prior to smoking cessation. Multiple regression analysis revealed that, FEV₁/FVC accounted for 26.0% of the variance by age, height and smoking duration. There was a difference in the mean value of FEV₁/FVC with or without smoking for more than 10 years. CONCLUSION: This study's findings show that smoking for over 10 years in an ex-smoker can lead to problems with the respiratory system. The long-term cigarette has progressive ill effects on the respiratory system.

The Effects of Empathy on Interpersonal Relationship through the Mediating Effect of Ego-resilience in Nursing Students

PURPOSE: The study was performed to investigate the effects of empathy on interpersonal relationships through the mediating effect of ego-resilience in nursing students. METHODS: Data were collected from June 5 to 30, 2018 using a self-report questionnaire measuring empathy, interpersonal relationships and ego-resilience. The sample was 204 nursing college students. SPSS WIN 23.0 programs were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Ego-resilience was positively related to empathy (r=.37, p < .001) and interpersonal relationships (r=.36, p < .001) and empathy was positively related to interpersonal relationships (r=.37, p < .001). Regression analysis showed that ego-resilience was affected by empathy (β=0.37, p < .001), interpersonal relationships were affected by empathy (β=0.37, p < .001). Interpersonal relationships were affected by empathy (β=0.28, p < .001) and ego-resilience (β=0.26, p < .001). Therefore ego-resilience mediates between empathy and interpersonal relationships. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop an effective intervention program to improve nursing students' empathy and ego-resilience.

Effects of Daily Chlorhexidine Bathing on the Acquisition of Multidrug-resistant Organisms and Healthcare-associated Infection in an Intensive Care Unit

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to verify the effects of daily 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bathing on the acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) and healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in a medical intensive care unit (MICU). METHODS: The study was a randomized controlled group posttest only design, involving 91 patients in MICU at a tertiary hospital (47 patients in the experimental group and 44 patients in the control group). The 2% CHG bathing was performed daily according to bathing protocol to the patients in the experimental group, and traditional bath was performed every three days to those in the control group. Fisher's exact test and χ² test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: MDRO were found in 6 patients of the experimental group and in 15 patients of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p=.016). HAI occurred in 2 patients of the experimental group and in 7 patients of the control group. The difference was not statistically significant (p=.084). CONCLUSION: The results confirmed that daily bathing with CHG was effective in reducing the incidence of MDRO acquisition. Therefore, it is expected that daily bathing with CHG will be used as an effective nursing intervention to reduce the incidence of MDRO acquisition.

Current Status of Biological Nursing Science Education for Clinical Nurses in General Hospital

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent and the nature of biological nursing science education for clinical nurses in general hospital. METHODS: Five advanced general hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province were conveniently sampled. Contents of education for nurses conducted by the hospital nursing department from January 1 to December 31 of 2015 were collected. Contents of education included biological nursing science and the scope of inclusion and time of assignment were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 271 cases of nursing education data were collected and 223 cases were analyzed after excluding 48 cases whose contents were not confirmed. Biological nursing science was included in the contents of education for 117 cases (52.5%), but not for 106 cases (47.5%). Regarding the frequency of the biological nursing science education contents, ‘pathophysiology’was the most frequently included (n=286), followed by ‘structure and function of the human body’ (n=191), ‘mechanisms and effects of drugs’ (n=114) and ‘clinical microbiology’ (n=43). CONCLUSION: Results of this study confirmed that the education for clinical nurses included a lot of biological nursing science related contents. These results can be used as basis for the development of curriculum and training course for nurses.

Evaluation of an Individualized Education before Discharge and Follow-up Telephone Consultation on Self-efficacy for Kidney Transplant Patients

PURPOSE: This study was to develop and evaluate an individualized education program based on self-efficacy for patients with kidney transplantation in Korea. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants consisted of 43 patients who underwent kidney transplants at one hospital in Seoul, from July 2012 to April 2013. The experimental group received an individualized education based on self-efficacy in the hospital and follow-up telephone consultation in the 2nd and 3rd week after discharge. The control group received a routine discharge education. Knowledge, self-efficacy, and compliance related to kidney transplant were measured and analyzed by frequency, average, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and chi2-test using SPSS Win 20.0. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in self-efficacy between the experimental group and the control group. But no significant differences were found in knowledge and compliance between two groups. The scores of several items on monitoring health status in compliance were higher in the experimental group than those of the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate the fact that an education program based in self-efficacy for patients with kidney transplant would be effective in improving self-efficacy and the ability to monitor their health status.

Study on the Changes in Limb Circumferences and Muscle Areas of Critically Ill Patients using Ventilators

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify muscle atrophy in critically ill patients on ventilators. A comparison was made between limb circumferences and muscle areas on the day of admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and on the 8th day after admission. METHODS: The data were collected from 30 critically ill patients using ventilators at S hospital ICU in Seoul during the period from October 2005 to April 2006. Limb circumferences and skinfold thickness were measured on the day of admission and on the 8th day after admission to the ICU. Limb circumferences and skinfold thickness were measured on the right mid-arm, right mid-thigh, and right mid-calf using a measuring tape and a skinfold calipers. Limb muscle areas were calculated by an equation after measuring limb circumferences and skinfold thickness. The data were analyzed by paired t-test and independent t-test. RESULTS: 1) Mid-arm circumference, mid-thigh circumference and mid-calf circumference on the 8th day after admission to the ICU were significantly less than those on the day of admission to the ICU, 2) Mid-arm muscle area, mid-thigh muscle area and mid-calf muscle area on the 8th day after admission to the ICU were significantly less than those on the day of admission to the ICU, 3) Steroid and vecuronium medication didn't affect changes in limb circumferences (mid-arm, mid-thigh, mid-calf) and muscle areas (mid-arm, mid-thigh, mid-calf) on the 8th day after admission to the ICU compared to the day of admission. CONCLUSION: Limb muscle atrophy may occur on the 8th day after admission to the ICU in critically ill patients using ventilator.