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Objective:To explore the larvicidal activities of different plant parts ofMelanochyla fasciculiflora(M. fasciculiflora),Gluta renghas(G. renghas),Anacardium occidentale and Mangifera indica from family Anacardiaceae against the laboratory and field strains of dengue vectorsAedes aegyptiandAedes albopictus(Ae. albopictus). Methods: Leaves and bark parts of study plants were collected from Taman Nageri, Bukit Pancor and Teluk Bahang National Park, Penang, Malaysia. Leaves and stem barks were separated, air dried, ground and extracted with methanol by Soxhlet apparatus. Crude extract was obtained by evaporating the extra solvent in rotary evaporator. The 4th instar larvae from laboratory and field strains were exposed to 50-1 300 mg/L concentrations according to World Health Organization standard larval bioassay. Larval mortality was recorded after 24 h of exposure. Results: Highest larvicidal activity was exhibited byG. renghas bark extract againstAe. albopictus laboratory strain at 600 mg/L.G. renghas also showed the highest larvicidal activities for other strains as compared to other plant extracts, followed byMangifera indica andM. fasciculilfora andAnacardium occidentale. Conclusions:Ae.albopictus has been found to be more susceptible as compare toAedes aegypti in both laboratory and field strains in this study.G. renghas andM. fasciculiflora were tested for the first time and exhibited prompting larvicidal activities against dengue vectors. These results revealed that all the plants especiallyG. renghas andM. fasciculilfora have the higher larvicidal activities and can be used for the control of dengue vector as a new environment friendly, target specific and low cost phytochemical.
RESUMO
To find out the correlation between the consumption of trans fatty acid and fasting lipid profile and body mass index [BMI] in patients suffering from coronary heart disease. Prospective, comparative clinical study. This study was conducted at Shafakhana Sahib az Zaman Medical Hospital Quetta from April, 2007 to May, 2008. This comparative clinical trial was conducted on 50 patients [n=50] to find out the correlation between the consumption of trans fatty acid and fasting lipid profile and body mass index [BMI] in patients suffering from coronary heart disease. Detail history about the use of Trans fats containing products was recorded. Patient's height and weight was recorded by standard calibrated standiometer. The fasting glucose and lipid profile was performed by overnight fasting of 12 hours. The patients was divided into group I [n=18], who used Trans fats free oil/ghee and group II [n = 32], who used trans fats containing ghee. The results of the two groups were compared and correlation of different variables was determined. The study result shows that mean age 58.428 +/- 9.67721 years, mean height 5.476 +/- .5899 feet, mean weight 61.5 +/- 4.8793 Kg and mean BMI was 22.35 +/- 5.24195 Kg/m2. There was slightly higher value of BMI in group II. The comparison of serum lipid profile and glucose among the two groups shows that there is a correlation of Trans fatty acid with certain parameters like high density lipoprotein [HDL] and total lipid with p-value of 0.027 and 0.014 respectively. Similarly serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein [LDL] correlated with Trans fats lipid having both p- value of 0.000. There is a correlation of Trans fatty acid with serum cholesterol, LDL, HDL and total lipid. The consumption of Trans fatty acid has shown positive correlation of certain parameters with each others like weight shows correlation with serum cholesterol, LDL and total lipid, LDL shows correlation with diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride shows correlation with systolic blood pressure while BMI shows negative correlation with HDL