Progress in Metabolic Reprogramming of Tumor-associated Macrophages in Tumor Microenvironment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Occupying more than half of the tumor volume in a variety of solid tumors, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important part of the tumor microenvironment (TME) with high plasticity and heterogeneity. In the early stages of tumor development, TAMs mediate antitumor effect through phagocytosis and their antioxidant functions. However, in order to meet the needs of self-renewal and proliferation, malignant tumor cells continuously adjust their metabolic patterns, leading to the accumulation of metabolites such as lactate, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, arachidonic acid and prostaglandin in the TME, which results in the changes in its inflammatory profiles, thereby altering the metabolism and function of TAMs and ultimately promoting the tumor development. Therefore, further understanding of the metabolism and immune responses of TAMs in the TME during tumor progression is warranted and the investigation may lead to identification of novel potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. This review aims to clarify the close relationship between TAMs metabolism and TME immune response, to reveal the mechanism of tumor immunosuppression produced by TAMs metabolism, and to provide new treatment ideas and approaches for tumor immunotherapy.

Expression of CCR7 and Tim-3 in Childhood Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Their Predictive Value for Prognosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the expression of CCR7 and Tim-3 in childhood patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and their predictive value for prognosis.@*METHODS@#Eighty-six newly diagnosed ALL childhood patients from January 2007 to January 2017 treated in our hospital were selected. The expression level of CCR7 and Tim-3 in bone marrow isolated cells of ALL patients were detected by flow cytometry, all the patients were divided into the recurrence group and non-recurrence group according to the follow-up results, the differences in the expressions of CCR7, Tim-3 between the two groups were compared. The correlation between the expression of CCR7 , Tim-3 and the clinicopathologic features of ALL patients were analyzed, the predictive value of CCR7 and Tim-3 for the prognosis of newly ALL patients were evaluated by ROC curve, and the relationship between serum CCR7, Tim-3 and prognosis were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The expression levels of CCR7 and Tim-3 in recurrence group were significantly higher than those in non-recurrence group(P0.05). The exogenous infiltration rate of patients with high expression of CCR7 and Tim-3 was significantly higher than those in low expression group (P<005). The high expression rate 76.9% of Tim-3 in patients with T-ALL was significantly higher than that of B-ALL patients with Tim-3 high expression rate 45.2% (P<0.05). The median OS of patients with CCR7 level ≥45.97% and <45.97% were 9.3 months and 13.6 months respectively(P=0.004), and the Tim-3≥53.54% and Tim-3<53.54% were 9.1 months and 13.6 months respectively(P=0.001). The results of Cox's multi-factor regression analysis showed that CCR7 level(HR=1.024, 95 CI 1.001-1.049) and Tim-3 level (HR=1.879, 95 CI 1.183- 2.985) were the independent risk factors that affect the OS in ALL patients(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of CCR7 and Tim-3 in bone marrow isolated cells of ALL patients shows good predictive value for prognosis, and the combination of CCR7 and Tim-3 can improve the sensitivity of the detection, the higher expression of CCR7 and Tim-3 can be used as potential indexes in prognosis evaluate.