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Background@#A large number of patients present with multiple papular skin lesions at the outpatient department of dermatology. In practice, however, the clinical presentation and skin histology has often been difficult to classify as a specific disease group. @*Objective@#The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical and histopathologic characteristics in patients at a single center with papular eruptions that looked clinically similar to lichen nitidus. Finally, we propose a new disease category with the series of characteristics we found. @*Methods@#We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the medical records, clinical photographs, and histopathologic slides of 22 patients who underwent skin biopsies for the diagnosis of lichen nitidus-like papular lesions. @*Results@#There were 16 men (72.7%) and 6 women (27.3%) included with a mean age at onset of 13.3 years. There were 17 children (77.3%) and 5 adults (22.7%). Eleven patients (50%) had pruritic symptoms. Fifteen patients (68.2%) had generalized eruptions. The localized eruptions predominantly involved the upper extremity (31.0%), especially the dorsum of the hands (14.1%). The most frequent histopathologic changes were superficial perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration (100%) and epidermal acanthosis (95%). @*Conclusion@#Our study was an overall review of flat or dome-shaped papular eruptions. The data are expected to contribute to the identification of the characteristics of this cutaneous disease that has been difficult to categorize.
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The safety and efficacy of Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) as an injectable facial volumizer for the treatment of lipoatrophy and facial rejuvenation has been widely proven. We experienced a remarkable case of deep-seated nodules on both the cheeks of 57-year-old female 18-months after administration of PLLA filler injection for cosmetic purpose and performed a skin biopsy. With hematoxylin and eosin stain, the nodule showed non-caseating granulomas consisting of histiocytes with central foreign bodies in the dermis. This case report represents the late-onset foreign body reaction due to PLLA facial injections.
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Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is a synthetic phenolic compound consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds: 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. We examined the effect of BHA against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. Cell viability was significantly decreased by H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, H2O2 treatment increased Bax, decreased Bcl-2, and promoted PARP-1 cleavage in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with BHA before exposure to H2O2 significantly attenuated the H2O2-induced decrease of cell viability. H2O2 exposure resulted in an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with BHA or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, an ROS scavenger). H2O2-induced decrease of cell viability was also attenuated by pretreatment with BHA and NAC. Furthermore, H2O2-induced increase of Bax, decrease of Bcl-2, and PARP-1 cleavage was also inhibited by BHA. Taken together, results of this investigation demonstrated that BHA protects primary cultured mouse hepatocytes against H2O2-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ROS generation.