Effects of propofol on glutamatergic neuronal activity in paraventricular thalamus / 药学学报

This study explored the effects of propofol on the activity of glutamatergic neurons in the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) and the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Acute brain slices containing the PVT were obtained from 8 weeks old C57BL/6J mice. The electrophysiological characteristics of PVT neurons were recorded in current-clamp mode, then single-cell sequencing was used to identify neuronal types. The firing frequencies before, during, and after propofol or intralipid application were recorded as FB, FD and FW; and the membrane potentials were recorded as MPB and MPD. Picrotoxin (PTX) was used to block inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors during the application of propofol at 10 μmol·L-1. Then, GABAA receptor-mediated spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs and mIPSCs) were recorded, and the effects of 10 μmol·L-1 propofol were investigated. The animal experiments were approved by the Medical Animal Administrative Committee of Shanghai Medical College Fudan University. The results showed that there were no significant differences in FB, FD and FW during intralipid and 2 μmol·L-1 propofol application. With propofol at 5, 10 and 20 μmol·L-1, FD decreased significantly when compared with FB, and FW increased significantly as compared with FD (P < 0.01). The inhibition degree of the three concentration groups was significantly different (P < 0.01). In addition, with propofol at 20 μmol·L-1, MPD hyperpolarized significantly (P < 0.01). In the presence of PTX, 10 μmol·L-1 propofol could not suppress the firing frequency of PVT glutamatergic neurons. Propofol at 10 μmol·L-1 prolonged the decay time of sIPSCs (P < 0.01) and mIPSCs (P < 0.05), and increased the amplitude (P < 0.01) of mIPSCs of PVT glutamatergic neurons. Together, these results indicate that propofol can inhibit the activity of PVT glutamatergic neurons in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner, and the effect is likely to be mediated by postsynaptic GABAA receptors.

Guidelines for management of pediatric acute hyperextension spinal cord injury / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Pediatric acute hyperextension spinal cord injury (SCI) named as PAHSCI by us, is a special type of thoracolumbar SCI without radiographic abnormality and highly related to back-bend in dance training, which has been increasingly reported. At present, it has become the leading cause of SCI in children, and brings a heavy social and economic burden. Both domestic and foreign academic institutions and dance education organizations lack a correct understanding of PAHSCI and relevant standards, specifications or guidelines. In order to provide standardized guidance, the expert team formulated this guideline based on the principles of science and practicability, starting from the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, etiology, admission evaluation, treatment, complications and prevention. This guideline puts forward 23 recommendations for 14 related issues.

Correlation Between Functional Components in Codonopsis pilosula Roots and Soil Factors / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between the content of 4 functional components in Codonopsis pilosula roots from different areas and soil factors， and thereby to lay a theoretical basis for soil ecological regulation and improvement of quality of C. pilosula roots. MethodThe content of lobetyolin， atractylenolide Ⅲ， alcohol extract， and polysaccharides， as well as soil fertility and 16 soil factors in 24 batches of samples from different producing areas were determined. Principal component analysis （PCA） and Pearson's correlation analysis were used to explore the key soil factors leading to the variation of chemical component content in C. pilosula roots. ResultThe content of lobetyolin and atractylenolide Ⅲ in samples from Longxi was the highest， and the content of polysaccharides peaked in samples from Huguan. The content of lobetyolin was in positive correlation with soil total nitrogen， total phosphorus， total potassium， alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， and available potassium （P<0.01）， as well as soil organic matter， pH， available manganese， and available zinc （P<0.05）. There was a positive correlation between pH and atractylenolide Ⅲ content （P<0.05）. Soil total potassium was in positive correlation with alcohol extract and polysaccharide content （P<0.01）. Soil available zinc was positively correlated with alcohol extract and the polysaccharide content （P<0.05）. Sample sites with higher PCA scores were Pingshun， Huguan， and Longxi， which were significantly positively correlated with the content of polysaccharides in C. pilosula roots in different habitats. ConclusionThe content of functional components in C. pilosula roots can be improved by raising soil organic matter content and applying specific fertilizers.

Effect of Interactive Dynamic Scalp Acupuncture on Post-Stroke Cognitive Function, Depression, and Anxiety: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effects of interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture (IDSA), simple combination therapy (SCT), and traditional scalp acupuncture (TSA) on cognitive function, depression and anxiety in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment.@*METHODS@#A total of 660 patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment who were admitted to 3 hospitals in Shenzhen City between May 2017 and May 2020 were recruited and randomly assigned to the IDSA (218 cases), SCT (222 cases) and TSA groups (220 cases) according to a random number table. All the patients received conventional drug therapy for cerebral stroke and exercise rehabilitation training. Scalp acupuncture and computer-based cognitive training (CBCT) were performed simultaneously in the IDSA group, but separately in the morning and in the afternoon in the SCT group. The patients in the TSA group underwent scalp acupuncture only. The course of treatment was 8 weeks. Before treatment (M0), 1 (M1) and 2 months (M2) after treatment, as well as follow-up at 1 (M3) and 2 months (M4), the cognitive function of patients was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) Scales; depression, anxiety, sleep quality, and self-care ability of patients were assessed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI), respectively. During this trial, all adverse events (AEs) were accurately recorded.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in the MMSE, MoCA, HAMD, HAMA, PSQI, and MBI scores among the 3 groups at M0 (all P>0.05). In the IDSA group, the MMSE, MoCA and MBI scores from M2 to M4 were significantly higher than those in the SCT and TSA groups, while the HAMD, HAMA and PSQI scores were significantly reduced (all P<0.01). The changes of all above scores (M2-M0, M4-M0) were significantly superior to those in the SCT and TSA groups (all P<0.01, except M4-M0 of HAMD). At M2, the severity of MMSE, HAMD, HAMA, PSQI and MBI in the IDSA group was significantly lower than that in the SCT and TSA groups (all P<0.01). There was no serious AE during this trial.@*CONCLUSIONS@#IDSA can not only significantly improve cognitive function, but also reduce depression, anxiety, which finally improves the patient's self-care ability. The effect of IDSA was significantly better than SCT and TSA. (Trial registration No. ChiCTR1900027206).

Effects of Interactive Dynamic Scalp Acupuncture on Motor Function and Gait of Lower Limbs after Stroke: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effects of interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture (IDSA), simple combination therapy (SCT), and traditional scalp acupuncture (TSA) on motor function and gait of the lower limbs in post-stroke hemiplegia patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 231 patients with post-stroke hemiplegia was randomly divided into IDSA (78 cases), SCT (78 cases), and TSA (75 cases) groups by a random number table. Scalp acupuncture (SA) and lower-limb robot training (LLRT) were both performed in the IDSA and SCT groups. The patients in the TSA group underwent SA and did not receive LLRT. The treatment was administered once daily and 6 times weekly for 8 continuous weeks, each session lasted for 30 min. The primary outcome measures included Fugl-Meyer assessment of the lower extremity (FMA-LE), berg balance scale (BBS), modified barthel index (MBI), and 6-min walking test (6MWT). The secondary outcome measures included stride frequency (SF), stride length (SL), stride width (SW), affected side foot angle (ASFA), passive range of motion (PROM) of the affected hip (PROM-H), knee (PROM-K) and ankle (PROM-A) joints. The patients were evaluated before treatment, at 1- and 2-month treatment, and 1-, and 2-month follow-up visits, respectively. Adverse events during 2-month treatment were observed.@*RESULTS@#Nineteen patients withdrew from the trial, with 8 in the IDSA and 5 in the SCT groups, 6 in the TSA group. The FMA-LE, BBS, 6MWT and MBI scores in the IDSA group were significantly increased after 8-week treatment and 2 follow-up visits compared with the SCT and TSA groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with pre-treatment, the grade distribution of BBS and MBI scores in the 3 groups were significantly improved at 1, 2-month treatment and 2 follow-up visits (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The SF, PROM-H, PROM-K and PROM-A in the IDSA group was significantly increased compared with the SCT and TSA groups after 8-week of treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the SCT group, ASFA of the IDSA group was significantly reduced after 8-week of treatment (P<0.05). SF, SL, PROM-K and PROM-A were significantly increased at the 2nd follow-up visit whereas the ASFA was significantly reduced in the IDSA group compared with the SCT groups at 1st follow-up visit (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The SF was significantly increased in the SCT group compared with the TSA group after 8-week treatment (P<0.05). Compared with the TSA group, PROM-K, PROM-A were significantly increased at the 2nd follow-up visit (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The effects of IDSA on lower-limb motor function and walking ability of post-stroke patients were superior to SCT and TSA. The SCT was comparable to TSA treatment, and appeared to be superior in improving the motion range of the lower extremities. (Registration No. ChiCTR1900027206).

Application of Relative Quality Constant in Grade Evaluation of Codonopsis Radix Slices / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish the grade evaluation method for Codonopsis Radix slices based relative quality constants， in order to provide scientific theoretical basis for grading of Codonopsis Radix slices. Method:Through literature and market research，the main production areas of Codonopsis Radix slices were determined，and 67 batches of Ludangshen slices（52 batches） and Baitiaodang slices （15 batches） were collected. The appearance traits （average quality and average thickness of Codonopsis Radix slices） were observed and measured. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2015 edition）， the extract and the content of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide was determined by phenol-sulphoacid method. Then the relative quality constant was calculated，and the results of grade evaluation were evaluated through systematic cluster analysis and correlation analysis. Result:Relative quality constants of 67 batches of Codonopsis Radix slices were between 0.32-2.97. If these samples were divided into three grades：the first-grade relative quality constants were greater than or equal to 2.08，the second grade was greater than or equal to 0.89 but less than 2.08，while the third grade was less than 0.89. The results of systematic cluster analysis showed that 67 batches of Codonopsis Radix slices were clustered into 3 categories，and the results were basically consistent with the classification. The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the content of the extracts and the polysaccharide content （P<0.05）. Conclusion:This method links the extrinsic characteristics to the intrinsic quality，and objectively grade Codonopsis Radix slices， so as to provide a basis for its grade standards.

Simultaneous quantitative analyses of six components in Astragalus membranaceus based on HPLC-CAD and quantitative analysis of multi-components with a single-marker / 药学学报

A quantitative analytical method based on HPLC coupled with the charged aerosol detector (CAD) for quantitative analysis of multi-components with a single marker (QAMS) was established for simultaneous determinations of astragaloside Ⅰ, astragaloside Ⅱ, astragaloside Ⅳ, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, formononetin and 7,2'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan in Astragalus membranaceus. The separation was performed on an Agilent SB-C18 (150 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm), with gradient elution using the mobile phase consisting of 0.05% formic acid solution and 0.05% formic acid acetonitrile at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature was 35 ℃, and the injection volume was 20 μL. For CAD, the drift tube temperature was at 50 ℃. The contents of six components in A. membranaceus were determined by both external standard method (ESM) and QAMS, and then were compared. The results showed that chromatographic peaks were separated well and the linear ranges of astragaloside Ⅰ, astragaloside Ⅱ, astragaloside Ⅳ, calycosin-7-glucoside, formononetin and 7,2'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan were 0.113-2.250 mg·mL-1, 0.012-0.240 mg·mL-1, 0.004-0.080 mg·mL-1, 0.065-1.300 mg·mL-1, 0.005-0.100 mg·mL-1 and 0.007-0.150 mg·mL-1, respectively. The content ranges of astragaloside Ⅰ, astragaloside Ⅱ, astragaloside Ⅳ, calycosin-7-glucoside, formononetin and 7,2'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan were 0.306-0.922 mg·g-1, 0.053-0.183 mg·g-1, 0.015-0.092 mg·g-1, 0.069-0.823 mg·g-1, 0-0.098 mg·g-1 and 0.020-0.107 mg·g-1 in 20 batches of A. membranaceus, respectively. Using astragaloside Ⅱ as an internal reference, the relative correlation factors of astragaloside Ⅰ, astragaloside Ⅳ, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, formononetin, and 7,2'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan were calculated as 0.561, 0.835, 0.299, 0.796, and 0.799, respectively. The results were compared with those obtained by the external standard method to verify the feasibility, rationality and repeatability of QAMS method, and there was no significant difference in assay results between the two methods. In conclusion, the QAMS method is accurate and feasible, and could be used to determine the contents such as astragaloside Ⅰ, astragaloside Ⅱ, astragaloside Ⅳ, calycosin-7-glucoside, formononetin and 7,2'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan, and it can be used for quality control of A. membranaceus.

Interactive scalp acupuncture for cognitive dysfunction after stroke: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficacy of interactive scalp acupuncture, scalp acupuncture alone and scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training for cognitive dysfunction after stroke.@*METHODS@#A total of 660 patients with cognitive dysfunction after stroke were randomly divided into an interactive scalp acupuncture group (218 cases, 18 cases dropped off), a scalp acupuncture group (220 cases, 20 cases dropped off) and a scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training group (222 cases, 22 cases dropped off). All the patients were treated with routine medication and exercise rehabilitation training. The interactive scalp acupuncture group was treated with scalp acupuncture on the parietal midline, and contralateral anterior parietal temporal oblique line and posterior parietal temporal oblique line at the same time of cognitive training; the scalp acupuncture group was treated with scalp acupuncture alone, and the scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training group was treated with scalp acupuncture and cognitive training in the morning and afternoon respectively. All the treatments were given once a day, 6 times a week for 8 weeks. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale score was used to evaluate the cognitive function before treatment, 4 weeks and 8 weeks into treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the total score of MoCA was increased after 4-week treatment and 8-week treatment in the three groups (@*CONCLUSION@#The interactive scalp acupuncture could significantly improve the cognitive function in patients with cognitive dysfunction after stroke, and the efficacy is superior to scalp acupuncture alone and scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training.

Scalp acupuncture combined with lower-limb intelligent feedback training for lower-limb motor dysfunction after stroke: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficacy of scalp acupuncture combined with lower-limb intelligent feedback training and lower-limb intelligent feedback training alone for lower-limb motor dysfunction after stroke.@*METHODS@#A total of 154 patients with lower-limb motor dysfunction after stroke were randomly divided into an observation group (76 cases, 6 cases dropped off) and a control group (78 cases, 8 cases dropped off). The patients in both groups were treated with conventional medication and exercise rehabilitation training. In addition, the patients in the observation group were treated with scalp acupuncture combined with lower-limb intelligent feedback training. The scalp acupuncture was given at upper 1/5 of the anterior oblique line of parietal temporal area and upper 1/5 of the posterior oblique line of parietal temporal area. The patients in the control group were treated with lower-limb intelligent feedback training alone. All the treatment was given once a day, 6 days a week, totaling for 8 weeks. The affected-side lower-limb Brunnstrom stage and modified Ashworth scale (MAS) grade, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Berg balance scale (BBS) score and modified Barthel index (MBI) score were evaluated before and after treatment in the two groups. The plantar pressure was measured by gait function evaluation system.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the Brunnstrom stage in the two groups was improved after treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#The scalp acupuncture combined with lower-limb intelligent feedback training could reduce the muscle tension of lower limbs, promote the separation movement mode of lower limbs, improve the plantar pressure distribution, and improve the balance ability and walking ability in stroke patients, and the curative effect is better than lower-limb intelligent feedback training alone.

Neuroprotective Effect of Fructus broussonetiae on APP/PS1 Mice via Upregulation of AKT/β-Catenin Signaling / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of Chinese herbal medicine Fructus broussonetiae (FB) in both mouse and cell models of Alzheimer's disease (AD).@*METHODS@#APP/PS1 mice treated with FB for 2 months and vehicle-treated controls were run through the Morris water maze and object recognition test to evaluate learning and memory capacity. RNA-Seq, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were also conducted to evaluate the effects of FB treatment on various signaling pathways altered in APP/PS1 mice. To further explore the mechanisms underlying FB's protective effect, PC-12 cells were treated with Aβ@*RESULTS@#FB-treated mice showed improved learning and memory capacity on both the Morris water maze and object recognition tests. RNA-seq of hippocampal tissue from APP/PS1 mice showed that FB had effects on multiple signaling pathways, specifically decreasing cell apoptotic signaling and increasing AKT and β-catenin signaling. Similarly, FB up-regulated both AKT and β-catenin signaling in PC-12 cells pre-treated with Aβ@*CONCLUSIONS@#FB exerted neuroprotective effects on hippocampal cells of APP/PS1 mice, as well as improved cell viability in an in vitro model of AD. The protective actions of FB occurred via the upregulation of AKT/β-catenin signaling.

Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of spine trauma in the epidemic of COVID-19 / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Outbreak of COVID-19 is ongoing all over the world. Spine trauma is one of the most common types of trauma and will probably be encountered during the fight against COVID-19 and resumption of work and production. Patients with unstable spine fractures or continuous deterioration of neurological function require emergency surgery. The COVID-19 epidemic has brought tremendous challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of such patients. To coordinate the diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease prevention and spine trauma so as to formulate a rigorous diagnosis and treatment plan and to reduce the disability and mortality of the disease, multidisciplinary collaboration is needed. This expert consensus is formulated in order to (1) prevent and control the epidemic, (2) diagnose and treat patients with spine trauma reasonably, and (3) reduce the risk of cross-infection between patients and medical personnel during the treatment.

Research Progress of Processing in Production Place and Processing Methods of Bupleuri Radix / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Bupleuri Radix is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinical practice, which has the effects of relieving fever, relieving liver and depression, and promoting Yangqi. At present, the varieties of Bupleuri Radix are relatively chaotic, and the processing in the production areas is relatively extensive. In the processing of Bupleuri Radix, the processed products contained in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia are raw products and vinegar-processed products. In addition, the specifications on Chinese medicine processing in various provinces and cities contain many processing methods, such as stir-frying with wine, stir-frying with honey, processed with turtle blood, etc. However, there are great differences in processing specifications among provinces and cities, and the processing methods lack clear process parameters, so the quality of Bupleuri Radix decoction pieces produced on these basis is uneven, which affects the clinical application of the decoction pieces. By consulting ancient books and relevant literature, the authors conduct textual research on the varieties of Bupleuri Radix, and systematically summarized the processing methods and processing methods in the producing area, so as to provide reference for the establishment of processing technology specifications and quality standards of Bupleuri Radix decoction pieces.

Study on quality standard of rice as excipients during rice stir-frying method / 中国中药杂志

Commercially available japonica rice and indica rice with different trade names were collected,and then based on the method of rice stir-frying,their many indexes were evaluated,for example the physical and chemical properties such as appearance color,grain type,broken kernel ratio,length-width ratio,1 000-grain weight,specific heat capacity,moisture content,amylose content,and protein content. The discriminant function analysis was used to determine the effective factors affecting the quality of rice as excipients. The results showed that two types of rice could be distinguished by rice color parameter a*,grain parameter circularity,1 000-grain weight and amylose content. These four effective factors can be used as the quality evaluation indexes for fried rice as excipients.Protein is one of the main components of rice,and its content affects the quality of rice. There is a significant difference in the protein content between japonica rice and indica rice. Therefore,protein content should be used as one of the evaluation indexes for rice quality. After comprehensive consideration,it is suggested that the red-green value a*shall not be less than 0. 50; the circularity not less than 53. 0,the 1 000-grain weight not less than 16. 0 g,the amylose content not less than 12. 0% and the protein content not less than4. 0% in the japonica rice; the red-green value a*shall not be lower than-1. 0,the circularity not less than 41. 0,the 1 000-grain weight not less than 13. 0 g,the amylose content not less than 9. 0% and the protein content not less than 3. 5% in the indica rice. In this study,the quality evaluation standards for rice as excipients( japonica rice,indica rice) were supplemented and improved,laying foundation for the development of quality standards for rice as excipients with the rice stir-frying method.

Influence of head and neck training on balance and lower limb motor function in patients with hemiple-gia after stroke / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective :To explore influence of head and neck training on balance and lower limb motor function in pa-tients with hemiplegia after stroke .Methods :A total of 90 patients with hemiplegia after stroke ,who were treated in our hospital from Jan 2014 to Aug 2016 ,were selected .According to random number table ,they were randomly and equally divided into routine rehabilitation training group and head and neck training group (received head and neck training based on routine rehabilitation training ) ,both groups were trained for continuous six weeks .Lower limb muscle strength score of Motricity index (MI-L) ,Berg balance scale (BBS) score and Fugal-Meyer motor as-sessment (FMA) score were observed and compared between two groups before ,three weeks and six weeks after treatment .Results : There were no significant differences in MI-L score ,BBS score and FMA score between two groups before treatment , P＞0. 05 all.Compared with before treatment ,there were significant rise in scores of MI-L ,BBS and FMA in two groups on three and six weeks after treatment ,and those of after six weeks were signifi-cantly higher than those of after three weeks ,P＝0.001 all.Compared with routine rehabilitation training group af-ter six weeks training ,there were significant rise in MI-L score [ (59.45 ± 10.12) scores vs .(72.88 ± 11.43) scores] ,BBS scores [ (36.67 ± 7.78) scores vs .(45.39 ± 8.11) scores] and FMA score [ (21.46 ± 4.85) scores vs . (24.72 ± 5.09) scores] in head and neck training group after six weeks training ,P＜0.01 all.Conclusion :Head and neck training based on routine rehabilitation training can effectively enhance lower limb muscle strength ,improve balance and lower limb motor function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke .

Tending of wild Heterosmilax yunnanensis / 中国中药杂志

To minimize the predatory harvest of Heterosmilax yunnanensis and maintain the sustainable utilization of its resources, a study on the tending technology of wild H. yunnanensis was carried out. The results showed that the tuber tending model had a higher seed emergence rate, shorter growth period and easier control of male and female ratios than other tending models; by removing shrubs, topping, bending pruning, controlling insects and pests and other effective technical measures, the growth period of H. yunnanensis was shortened; the average annual net income of the tending area was 1 086 yuan/mu (1 mu≈666.67 m²), which was 86.9% higher than before. This study was conducive to increasing the yield and quality of H. yunnanensis in Karst landform area, and instructive for the tending of other wild traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in this area.

In vitro screening and identification of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria against pathogen causing Astragalus root rot / 中国中药杂志

The antagonistic effect of Bacillus spp. against Fusarium solani was evaluated by living body dual culture and Oxford cup method. The plant growth promoting properties of those strains that had obvious and stable antifungal activity were then tested. The results showed that the living body and bacteria-free fermentation filtrate of strain G10 both had obvious and stable antifungal effect to F. solani. Besides, the strain possessed such growth promoting properties as phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and production of IAA, amylase and HCN. Strain G10 was classified and identified as B. subtilis by a combination of morphological, physiological and biochemical tests, 16 SrDNA gene sequence analysis and the BBL CrystalTM bacteria identification. In conclusion, B. subtilis G10 has the basic characteristics of multifunctional strains and could be one of the microbiological resources for developing special bio-control agent against Astragalus root rot.

Clinical analysis of young adult thyroid papillary cancer patients with bilateral cervical metastases / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of the young adult papillary thyroid cancer with bilateral cervical lymph nodes metastases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four papillary thyroid cancer patients (mean age 16.6 year-old, range 11 to 20 year-old) with bilateral cervical metastases from January 1, 1970 to December 31, 1985 were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proportion of the patients in the contemporary patients of the corresponding period was 34.8% (24/69). All the patients in the group were followed up at least 20 years. The survival rates of the patients at 10 years and 20 years were 100% and 90.9%. The recurrence rates of local tumor and distant tumor (lung metastases) were 20.8% (5/24) and 12.5% (3/24).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>After a radical surgery, the recurrence rate of young adult thyroid papillary cancer patients with bilateral cervical metastases is relatively high and the patients have well prognosis.</p>

Surgical management of papillary thyroid carcinoma with endotracheal infiltration / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma with endotracheal infiltration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 12 patients treated from January 1999 to December 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. Six patients received tracheal partial resection-sternocleidomastoid musculoperiosteal flap reconstruction (group A). Six patients received tracheal sleeve resection-end to end anastomosis (group B).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten patients had the symptoms which indicated the tracheal invasion. Endotracheal focuses were detected in the region from 2 cm to 4 cm under glottis by endoscopy and positive rate of smear biopsy was 33%. Positive rate of CT scan was 92%. Mean diameter of carcinoma focus was 3.8 cm (from 3 cm to 7 cm), and mean number of tracheal ring resected was 4. For group A, even 7 rings were resected, and the longest longitude and latitude was 7 cm and 3 cm, respectively. For group B, the greatest number of rings resected was 4. Incidence rate of perioperative complication and mortality was 58% and 0%, respectively. Mean duration of follow-up was 49 months. One patient died of local recurrence, 1 patient died of lung metastasis. Two patients with tumor recurrence were also alive. For group A, extubation was successful in all patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Comprehensive use of diagnostic methods, especially MRI, will give detailed information for operation. Tracheal partial resection-sternocleidomastoid musculoperiosteal flap reconstruction and tracheal sleeve resection-end to end anastomosis are safe and useful methods to reconstruct the defects caused by tracheal operation.</p>

Gene rearrangement analysis of papillary thyroid carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristics of RET/PTC and H47PTEN rearrangement and the association between gene rearrangement and clinicopathological properties of thyroid carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rearrangement of RET/PTC-1, RET/PTC-2, RET/PTC-3, ELKS-RET and H4-PTEN (H4/PTEN and PTEN/H4) was analyzed in 139 thyroid tumor tissues by using RT-PCR and sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twelve RET/PTC-1, 6 RET/PTC-3, 6 H4/PTEN and 7 PTEN/H4 were detected in 126 papillary thyroid carcinomas. In 3 cases, both RET/PTC and H4-PTEN were identified simultaneously. However, repeated experiments did not give the same results of H4-PTEN rearrangement. The overall frequency of rearrangement was 21.4% (27/126). The patients with gene rearrangement were younger (P = 0.02) and had a higher frequency of lymph node involvement (P = 0.02). High frequency of lateral neck lymph node involvement was detected in RET/PTC positive PTC (P < 0.01). PTEN/H4 rearrangement could also be detected in medullary thyroid carcinoma (2/5).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>H4-PTEN rearrangement can occur simultaneously with RET/PTC rearrangement in PTC. High predisposition to gene rearrangement is a characteristic of PTC. The patients of PTC with gene rearrangement are younger and have a higher frequency of lymph node involvement.</p>

Mentality and behavior of children suffering from viral myocarditis / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The present study was designed to investigate the influence of viral myocarditis on mental behavior of the children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mentality and behavior of the 178 children suffering from viral myocarditis were examined with Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) edited by Gong Yao-xian in 1986 and 104 sex, age, education and achievement-matched children with pneumonia or upper respiratory infection were enrolled as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mentality and behavior of the children with viral myocarditis were distinctly abnormal. The abnormal rates of boys and girls suffering from acute and deferment viral myocarditis were evidently higher than those of control children (P < 0.01). The behavioral abnormalities of boys were hypochondria, social difficulties, unwell of body and attack. Whereas, the girls presented hypochondria, unwell of body, social flinch and disobeyed discipline, which was significantly different from the control children. The total and hypochondria cursory mark of the second check result of deferment boys were evidently higher than those of the first check (P < 0.05). The total cursory mark of the second check result of deferment girls was higher than that of the first check (P < 0.05) and evidently higher than that of the acute second check result (P < 0.01). The abnormal rates of mentality and behavior correlated positively with the age of children and they were associated with the severity of the illness.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Viral myocarditis evidently affected the mentality and behavior of children, which should be paid great attention to.</p>