Incidence of extrauterine growth retardation and its risk factors in very preterm infants during hospitalization: a multicenter prospective study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and its risk factors in very preterm infants (VPIs) during hospitalization in China.@*METHODS@#A prospective multicenter study was performed on the medical data of 2 514 VPIs who were hospitalized in the department of neonatology in 28 hospitals from 7 areas of China between September 2019 and December 2020. According to the presence or absence of EUGR based on the evaluation of body weight at the corrected gestational age of 36 weeks or at discharge, the VPIs were classified to two groups: EUGR group (n=1 189) and non-EUGR (n=1 325). The clinical features were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of EUGR and risk factors for EUGR were examined.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of EUGR was 47.30% (1 189/2 514) evaluated by weight. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher weight growth velocity after regaining birth weight and higher cumulative calorie intake during the first week of hospitalization were protective factors against EUGR (P<0.05), while small-for-gestational-age birth, prolonged time to the initiation of total enteral feeding, prolonged cumulative fasting time, lower breast milk intake before starting human milk fortifiers, prolonged time to the initiation of full fortified feeding, and moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia were risk factors for EUGR (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#It is crucial to reduce the incidence of EUGR by achieving total enteral feeding as early as possible, strengthening breastfeeding, increasing calorie intake in the first week after birth, improving the velocity of weight gain, and preventing moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VPIs.

Clinical effectiveness of Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment in hospitalized children with cerebral palsy / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and the clinical effectiveness of Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA) in nutritional assessment of hospitalized children with CP.@*METHODS@#A total of 208 children with CP, aged 1-5 years, who were hospitalized from April to October 2019 were enrolled as subjects. SGNA was used to investigate nutritional status, and the Z-score method recommended by the World Health Organization was used as a reference standard to validate the clinical effectiveness of SGNA.@*RESULTS@#The detection rate of malnutrition in children with CP was 42.3% by SGNA and 39.4% by the Z-score method (P>0.05). The application of SGNA showed high consistency between different evaluators (κ=0.621, P<0.001). With the Z-score method as the reference standard, SGNA had a sensitivity of 80.5%, a specificity of 82.5%, a positive predictive value of 75.0%, and a negative predictive value of 86.7%, and high consistency was observed between the two evaluation methods (κ=0.622, P<0.001). SGNA was moderately consistent with weight-for-age Z-score and height-for-age Z-score (κ=0.495 and 0.478 respectively, P<0.001) and was poorly consistent with weight-for-height Z-score (κ=0.197, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There is a relatively high incidence rate of malnutrition in children with CP. SGNA can be used as a tool to assess the nutritional status of children with CP.

Research progress on chemical substances in Juglans regia and current status and development approaches of industrial development / 中草药

JugLans regia is the main economic crop in China and an important medicinal plant, which have antibacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor and hypoglycemic effects. It mainly contains a variety of active small molecule compounds such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, phenolic acids, esters, saponins and quinones.It can be used not only for the development of pharmaceuticals or functional foods, but also for its market demand in the food industry with good application base. It is a resource material with great development potential in walnuts. In this paper, the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of walnut were systematically combed, and on this basis, the industrial application and development path were analyzed to provide a basis for the development and utilization of walnut resources in China.

Clinical study of the application of enhanced recovery after surgery in cervical spondylotic myelopathy / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the role of enhanced recovery after surgery in treating cervical spondylotic myelopathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 55 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy underwent surgical treatment from January 2012 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 males and 25 females, age from 36 to 71 years old with an average of (45.2±3.2) years, course of disease was for 1 to 12 months with an average of (4.5±1.8) months. The concept of enhanced recovery after surgery and perioperative management were applied to surgical treatment in 35 patients (study group), and the same period, 20 patients without strategy of enhanced recovery after surgery (control group). Thirty-eight patients were treated by anterior cervical discectomy decompression and fixation(ACDF), 17 patients were treated by posterior single-open door laminoplasty decompression. The activity time out of bed, hospitalization days after surgery were compared between two groups. Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and visual analogue score(VAS) before operation, after operation at 1, 7, 30 days and 6, 12 months was respectively used to evaluate the neurological function and pain.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up for 12 to 18 months with an average of (14.3±1.5) months. There was no significant difference in age, gender, surgical methods, preoperative VAS, JOA score between two groups (>0.05). The activity time out of bed was 3 to 8 h with an average of (5.54±1.54) h, postoperative hospitalization time was 3 to12 d with an average of (5.62±1.59) d in study group, while in control group, the activity time out of bed was 24 to 48 h with an average of (18.80±4.78) h, and postoperative hospitalization time was 7 to 17 d with an average of (9.85±1.94) d; there was significant difference between two groups (<0.01). There was significant difference in VAS and JOA scores between two groups at 1, 7, 30 d after operation (<0.01), and there was no significant difference at 6, 12 months after operation(>0.05). There were no neurologic function deterioration, hematoma, wound infection, internal fixation loosening and other complications in study group during hospitalization and following-up;there were 2 cases of superficial wound infection in the control group, who healed by dressing change for 2 weeks;there was no significant difference between two groups(>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The strategy of enhanced recovery after surgery in treating cervical spondylotic myelopathy can promote the early recovery, shorten the length of stay and improve the patient's degree of satisfaction.</p>

Association between family environment and developmental coordination disorder in preschool children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of family environment on developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in preschool children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 1 727 children (4-6 years old). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children was used to screen out the children with DCD. The Family Environment Scale on Motor Development for Preschool Urban Children and a self-designed questionnaire were used to assess family environment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 117 children were confirmed with DCD. There were significant differences in mother's education level and family structure between the DCD and normal control groups. There were also significant differences in the scores of "Let children manage their daily items" and "Arrange all affairs" between the DCD and normal control groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that when children's age and gender were controlled, mother's education level, family structure, "Let children manage their daily items", and "Arrange all affairs" were main factors influencing the development of DCD in children (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Family environment may affect the development of DCD in preschool children. Therefore, parents should not arrange all affairs for children and should provide more opportunities for children to manage their daily life, in order to promote the development of early motor coordination and prevent the development of DCD.</p>

Clinicopathological features of renal amyloidosis: a single-center study on 47 cases / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The correlations between the clinicopathological features and the long-term outcomes of renal amyloidosis (RA) were analyzed with a view to develop strategies for improving diagnosis and prognosis of RA. We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics of 47 patients diagnosed with RA between 2004 and 2014 at the Wuhan Union Hospital. The data on the renal histology, clinical manifestations, and prognosis of RA patients were retrieved from the hospital records and characteristic patterns were identified. The histological changes in the kidneys were correlated with the clinical manifestations of RA. Additionally, most RA patients in this study had decreased serum levels of κ light chain and increased urine levels of κ and λ light chains as well as presence of M-protein in the urine and serum. Patients with early RA showed no specific pathognomonic symptoms. Bleeding associated with diagnostic renal biopsy was rare. We recommend that the routine work-up of patients aged over 40 years and presenting with non-diabetic nephropathy includes the non-invasive tests for the measurement of serum and urine levels of κ and λ light chains as well as protein electrophoresis tests for the presence of urinary and serum M-protein. Additionally, such patients should undergo renal biopsy screening with Cong-red staining to ensure early diagnosis of RA and improve their survival, since the risk of hemorrhage related to renal biopsy screening is low at early stages of RA.

Clinicopathological features of renal amyloidosis: A single-center study on 47 cases / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The correlations between the clinicopathological features and the long-term outcomes of renal amyloidosis (RA) were analyzed with a view to develop strategies for improving diagnosis and prognosis of RA. We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics of 47 patients diagnosed with RA between 2004 and 2014 at the Wuhan Union Hospital. The data on the renal histology, clinical manifestations, and prognosis of RA patients were retrieved from the hospital records and characteristic patterns were identified. The histological changes in the kidneys were correlated with the clinical manifestations of RA. Additionally, most RA patients in this study had decreased serum levels of κ light chain and increased urine levels of κ and λ light chains as well as presence of M-protein in the urine and serum. Patients with early RA showed no specific pathognomonic symptoms. Bleeding associated with diagnostic renal biopsy was rare. We recommend that the routine work-up of patients aged over 40 years and presenting with non-diabetic nephropathy includes the non-invasive tests for the measurement of serum and urine levels of κ and λ light chains as well as protein electrophoresis tests for the presence of urinary and serum M-protein. Additionally, such patients should undergo renal biopsy screening with Cong-red staining to ensure early diagnosis of RA and improve their survival, since the risk of hemorrhage related to renal biopsy screening is low at early stages of RA.

Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus vs. cyclophosphamide for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A meta-analysis of Chinese adults / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The efficacy and safety of tacrolimus (TAC) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) were compared in Chinese adult patients using a meta- analysis of the available literatures. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of the treatment of primary IMN with TAC or CTX combined with corticosteroids in the English databases PubMed, Embase and Cochrane, as well as Chinese databases, were searched. Qualified studies were subjected to quality assessment and meta-analysis. A total of 8 RCTs, including 359 Chinese patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The complete remission rate and overall remission rate in the TAC treatment group after 6 months of treatment were higher than those in the CTX treatment group. No significant difference in remission rate was found after 12 months of treatment. There was no significant difference in the adverse reaction between the two groups at the 6th or 12th months. TAC-based treatment was associated with a faster response than CTX at the 6th month, but there was no significant difference between the two groups at 12th month in Chinese adults. Further study is needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of this treatment regimen.

Anti-duck hepatistic b virus effects of non-cell corynebacterium parvum preparation prepared by nanotechnology / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the anti-duck hepatistic B virus (DHBV) effects of non-cell Corynebacterium parvum preparation (NCPP) prepared by nanotechnology.

Influence of cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-hydrazone on insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function in 3T3-L1 adipocytes / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To observe the effect of uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation——Cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-hydrazone (FCCP) on mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity in mature adipocytes.Me-thods 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated into mature adipocytes and then induced and maintained in medium that contained the chemical uncoupler 7.5 μmol/L FCCP.Glucose uptake was determined in the adipocytes by measu-ring 2-deoxy-D-[3H] glucose uptake.Western blot was used to detect the translocation of insulin-sensitive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and measure the phosphorylation and total protein contents of insulin signaling proteins such as insulin receptor substrate(IRS)-1,Akt.The mitochondrial morphology was performed by transmission electron microscope.The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was evaluated by real time PCR.Luciferase-based luminescence assay was used to determine cellular ATP production.The mitochondrial membrane potential(△Ψm) and reactive oxygen species(ROS) were detected by flow cytometry.Results (1) Exposure of mature adipocytes to FCCP basal glucose uptake was similar to mature adipocytes without FCCP(t =-0.07,P ＞ 0.05) ; however,the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was significantly decreased in FCCP group (t =5.87,P ＜ 0.01).(2)FCCP decreased insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the plasmalemma and inhibition of insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS-1 and Akt in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.(3)The size of mitochondria in FCCP-treated adipocytes was smaller than that in 3T3-L1 adipocytes without FCCP,and the morphology was condensed and abnormal.(4) mtDNA copy number in FCCP-treated adipocytes was significantly lower than that in adipocytes without FCCP(t =-1.73,P ＜ 0.001).(5) Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to FCCP significantly decreased △Ψm (t =4.83,P ＜ 0.01) and total cellular ATP production compared with cells without FCCP (t =6.08,P ＜ 0.0001),as well as the increased intracellular ROS levels (t =-6.82,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions FCCP may impair mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrion dysfunction,and inhibited the activation of insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS-1 and Akt in 3T3-L1 adipocytes,which suggests that FCCP-induced insulin resistance may be correlated with the FCCP induced generation of ROS in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Serological assessment of Helicobacter pylori-specific antibodies and their association with gastric lesions in a high-risk population / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the distributions of six Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-specific antibodies in a high-risk population of gastric cancer (GC) and explore the relationship between Hp virulence factors and precancerous gastric lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the two intervention trials conducted in Linqu County, the seropositivities for CagA, VacA, GroEL, UreA, HcpC and GGT were assessed by recombinant immunoassay (recomLine) in 623 participants with H. pylori infection determined by (13)C-urea breath test ((13)C-UBT) and/or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In a total of 623 participants were detected by recomLine analysis, of which 594 were Hp-positive. The seropositivities rates of CagA, VacA, GroEL, UreA, HcpC and GGT were 84.0%, 38.2%, 66.7%, 17.7%, 58.8% and 42.8%, respectively. A total of 523 participants were determined as type I infection of Hp, accounting for 88.1%. Compared with superficial gastritis (SG), the infection rate of Hp type I was higher in the chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) (P = 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of this population-based study suggest that the virulence factors of Hp may be related to the development of GC in a Chinese high-risk population. The recomLine analysis may serve as a tool for identification of Hp strains and prediction of high-risk population of GC.</p>

Study on the Fast Testing Strategy for identifying the wild poliovirus Ⅰ / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the Fast Testing Sstrategy (FTS) for wild poliovirus Ⅰ (WP1).Methods Epidemiological investigations were carried out on 671 students from WP1 epidemic areas in China.A set of real time RT-PCR assays,including panenterovirus testings (PE) assay,poliovirus serotypings(PS) assay and the assay distinguishing wild strain from vaccine strain of poliovirus Ⅰ (DWV) were introduced into the screening program for WPV1 to replace the conventional RT-PCR,recommended by the China National Polio Laboratory (GNPL).Additionally,sensitivities of all the assays were assessed by poliovirus type Ⅰ to Ⅲ (Sabin stain) and the isolated WPV I.Results ( 1 ) 33 non-poliovirus enterovirus (NPEV) cases were detected,with 16 polio vaccinerelated cases including 5 polio Ⅰ,1 polio Ⅱ,3 polio Ⅲ,1 polio Ⅰ +Ⅱ,4 polio Ⅰ + Ⅲ and 2 polio Ⅰ + Ⅱ + Ⅲ.Three WPV 1 cases were also detected in this study and confirmed by GNPL.(2) For polio virus vaccine strain,sensitivities of the set of real time RT-PCR assays ranged from 1 to 100 times than that of the in-housc RT-PCR assay.The sensitivities of PE and PS assays for the detection of polio Ⅱ were 100 times than that of the RT-PCR assay and the sensitivity of DWV assay used for the detection of polio Ⅰ were 10 times than that of the RT-PCR assay.For WPV1,the sensitivity of three real time RT-PCR was 10 times higher than that of the RT-PCR assay.Conclusion The novel FTS for WPV I suggested by this study would include PE,PS and DWV.It not only could greatly shorten the testing time but also more sensitive than the RT-PCR and suited for emergency detection for WPV1.

Comparative study on acupoint pressing and medication for angina pectoris due to coronary heart disease / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the differences of therapeutic effect of acupoint pressing, Nitroglycerin and Suxiaojiuxin pill on angina pectoris (AP) due to coronary heart disease (CHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and six ty-eight patients with AP due to CHD were randomly divided into an acupoint pressing group (n = 58), a Nitro glycerin group (n = 56) and a Suxiaojiuxin pill group (n = 54) and were treated with acupoint pressing at Danzhong (CV 17) for 5-10 minutes, sublingual administration of Nitroglycerin and sublingual administration of Suxiaojiuxin pill, respectively. Symptoms, improvements in ECG, the time of producing effectiveness and adverse effects in all the groups were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate and the effective rate of ECG were 93.1% (54/58) and 86.2% (50/58) in the acupoint pressing group respectively, 92.9% (52/56) and 85.7% (48/56) in the Nitroglycerin group, and 87.0% (47/54) and 75.9% (41/54) in the Suxiaojiuxin pill group, with no significant differences among the three groups (all P > 0.05). The average time of producing effectiveness was (1.67 +/- 2.45) min in the acupoint pressing group which was shorter than (2.89 +/- 2.64) min in the Nitroglycerin group and (3.75 +/- 2.99) min in the Suxiaojiuxin pill group (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). During the treatment, there were no adverse effects in the acupoint pressing group, which less than 19 cases in the Nitroglycerin group and 12 cases in the Suxiaojiuxin pill group (both P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupoint pressing can significantly improve symptoms of AP patients with a similar therapeutic effect to Nitroglycerin and Suxiaojiuxin pill, but it has more rapid therapeutic effect without adverse effects.</p>

A novel angiographic technique, StentBoost, in comparison with intravascular ultrasound to assess stent expansion / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>StentBoost (SB) is a novel angiographic technique which can enhance stent visualization and improve detection of inadequate stent expansion. Studies of SB that compare it with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), which is the current gold standard for detection of stent underexpansion, remain inadequate. This study aimed to test the correlation of IVUS and SB, and to evaluate the effect of SB guiding the stent postdilatation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2009 to June 2010, 52 patients were analyzed using quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), IVUS, and SB. They included 37 patients (54 stents) with postdilatation and 15 patients (21 stents) without postdilatation. Correlations of stent diameter between the three modalities were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The minimum diameter, maximum diameter and average diameter of postdilatation obtained by QCA, IVUS, SB were significantly larger than that of poststenting, and the ratio (maximum stent diameter (MaxLD)-minimum stent diameter (MinLD))/MaxLD of postdilatation was smaller. Correlations of MinLD were the highest between IVUS and SB (r = 0.979, P < 0.0001) when compared with QCA and SB (r = 0.973, P < 0.0001), and QCA and IVUS (r = 0.964, P < 0.0001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SB has superior correlations for stent expansion measured by IVUS when compared with QCA. In addition, there is an important advantage for SB in guiding the stent postdilatation.</p>

Influence of myocardial damage on gene expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate signal transduction in rats / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between alteration of gene in cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) signal transduction system in rats after myocardial damage and changes of cardiac function and ventricular remodeling. Methods Twenty eight male Wistar rats weighing 220 g to 250 g were randomly divided into three groups: acute myocardial damage group(AMD, n = 10), chronic myocardial damage group (CMD,n = 9 ) and sham-operation group (control, n = 9). Animal model of acute myocardial damage was established by ligation of rats left coronary artery in the AMD and the CMD groups. Rats in control group were treated similarly, except that the coronary suture was not tied. Hemodynamics and echocardiography were measured before rats were sacrificed 24 hours after operation in control and AMD groups but those in CMD groups were sacrificed 8 weeks later. Cadiocyte apoptosis were estimated by TUNEL method, cAMP levels in heart were tested by radioimmunity and the mRNA expressions for inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) and bcl-2 were assayed by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The difference of left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP), maximal rising and falling rate of ventricular pressure,left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), eject fraction (EF) and fraction shortening (FS) were statistically significant among the three groups(F = 285.9, 196.8, 83.2, 80.4, 54.9, 196.6, 95.2, all P ＜ 0.01). LVEDD[(7.03 ±0.28), (8.20 ± 0.27)mm] and LVEDP[(11.19 ± 2.89), (19.76 ± 3.34)mmHg] in AMD and CMD groups were significantly increased, compared with those in control group[ (5.05 ± 0.30)mm, (- 5.62 ± 3.01 )mmHg, all P ＜0.01 ]. While maximal rising rate[ (2964 ± 449), (2214 ± 434)mmHg/s] and falling rate[(- 2617 ± 441),(- 1891± 424)mmHg/s] of left ventricular pressure, LVSP[ (94.19 ± 4.03), (85.85 ± 6.39)mmHg], EF[ (41.6 ±5.9)%, (35.9 ± 4.1 )%] and FS[ (36.9 ± 4.6)%, (23.1 ± 4.9)%] of left ventricular in the two groups were lower than those in control[(4759 ± 406)mmHg/s, (- 4327 ± 388)mmHg/s, (116.29 ± 8.25)mmHg, (80.9 ± 5.6)%,(53.1 ± 4.3)%, all P ＜ 0.01 ]. These changes in CMD group were more significant than those in AMD groups(P ＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ). The difference of apoptotic index, cAMP and expression of ICER, CREB, PDE3A mRNA and bcl-2 mRNA were statistically significant among the three groups(F= 172.5, 141.0, 540.8, 246.8, 165.1, 563.9,all P＜ 0.01 ). Apoptotic index[ (32.8 ± 4.2)‰, (18.4 ± 3.9)‰] and cAMP in heart[ (9.95 ± 0.30), (5.60 ± 0.25)nmol/kg] in AMD and CMD groups were increased compared to control group[ (3.9 ± 1.7)‰, (2.48 ± 0.29)nmol/kg,all P ＜ 0.01 ], and those in CMD group were lower than in AMD group(all P ＜ 0.01 ). Expression of ICER mRNA (1.434 ± 0.093, 0.942 ± 0.076) and CREB mRNA(5.70 ± 0.50, 2.64 ± 0.51) in AMD and CMD groups were higher, and expression of PDE3A mRNA(48.98 ± 8.14, 16.68 ± 8.46) were lower than those in control group (0.154 ± 0.063, 1.08 ± 0.35, 105.94 ± 12.61, all P ＜ 0.01 ). The three genes in CMD group were fewer than those in AMD group(all P ＜ 0.01 ). bcl-2 mRNA was up regulated in AMD group(4.55 ± 0.27) and was down regulated in CMD group(0.35 ± 0.15) compared to control(2.18 ± 0.30, all P＜ 0.01). Conclusions There is PDE3A-ICER positive-feedback loop leading to myocyte apoptosis and heart failure after myocardial damage. The downregulation of PDE3A mRNA observed in chronic myocardial damage may play a causative role in the progression of ventricular remodeling and heart failure, in part, by inducing ICER mRNA and promoting cardiac myocyte dysfunction.

Cell proliferation and signal pathway after knockdown and RESC concurrent rescue of RNAi lentiviral vector on human PTEN gene in T-lymphocytes / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct the lentiviral expression vectors of human PTEN gene for RNA interference (RNAi) and concurrent rescue of RNAi escape strategy construct (RESC) and to observe the changes of signal pathway, cell proliferation and cell cycle after PTEN gene knockdown and RESC concurrent rescue in human T-lymphocytes, in order to provide an experimental basis for a further research into the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using lentiviral vector systems to construct lentiviral vectors of human PTEN gene for RNAi and its RESC concurrent rescue, human T-lymphocytes were transfected with the lentiviruses. The cell models were established with PTEN gene knockdown (T-LC-shPTEN) and RESC concurrent rescue (T-LC-rrshPTEN). After knockdown and RESC concurrent rescue of PTEN gene, the expression of PTEN protein and the activation of AKT signal pathway, cell proliferation and cell cycle were detected by Western blot, MTT assay and flow cytometry respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The RNAi-mediated lentiviruses can down-regulate the expression of the human PTEN gene effectively. After the down-regulation of PTEN gene, the T-lymphocytes grew faster. The phase G0/G1 cells decreased and the phases S and G2/M cells increased significantly. The PI3K/AKT signal pathway was activated. All RNAi phenomenon caused by PTEN gene knockdown were recovered fully by RESC concurrent rescue of RNAi.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The lentiviral expression vectors of human PTEN gene for RNAi and RESC concurrent rescue of RNAi are constructed successfully. The PI3K/AKT signal pathway can be activated and the proliferation of human T-lymphocytes can be promoted after PTEN gene knockdown.</p>

Study on the etiology of hand-foot-mouth disease outbreaks in Beijing in 2007 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To identify the etiology of 8 human hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)outbreaks in Beijing,during May to July 2007.Methods Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) method was used to directly type the specimens including fluid from the herpes and throat swabs from the HFMD patients.Using RD cell lines,the collected stool specimens were cultured followed by typing.Partial VP1 region of selected EV positive specimens and cultures were sequenced and both nucleic acid sequence and predicted amino acid sequence were analyzed.Results The two HFMD outhreaks in Daxing region in Beijing in 2007 were caused by enterovirus 71 type(EV71),and the others were caused by Coxsackie virus A16(Cox A16).Two EV71 strains caused epidemics in Daxing region in 2007 belonged to C4 subgenotype but on different branches in VP1 gene phylogenefic tree.The differences on nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence were 3.7% and 0.8% between the two EV71 stains.respectively.The Cox A16 strain in Shunyi region and the other strains were on different branches in phylogenetic tree,and the difference on nucleic acid and amino acid sequence were 3.7% and 0% respectively between the two Cox A16 shams.Conclusion The HFMD outbreaks occurred in Beijing in 2007 were caused mainly by EV71 and Cox A16, and there were two individual epidemic virus strains.Cox A16 seemed to spread more widely than EV71 in Beiiing,2007.

Genetic characteristics of enterovirus 71 isolated in Beijing,2006-2008 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To sequence and analyze the VP1 region of isolated enterovirus from different sources in Beijing,2006-2008.Methods 9 EV71 were selected from the isolates identified through the specimen of human hand foot mouth disease (HFMD),acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and healthy children in Beijing,2006-2008.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to amplify and sequence the whole VP1 gene of enterovirus.Phylogenetic tree was constructed,with the means of nucleotide homology and distance between/within groups analyzed.Results The 9 selected strains were clustered with C4 subgenotype reference strains in Phylogenetic tree and showed high nucleotide acid identity (92.1%-93.9% ) in nucleotide homology analysis,and had higher homology than C1,C2,C3 subgenotype reference strains (88.8%-89.5%,89.4%-90.0% and 88.4%-89.3%,respectively).High homologous (95.9%-100.0%) was noticed between the isolated stains from three different sources,but low homologous (93.3 %-93.9%,92.1%-92.9%,respectively) showed between the isolated stains and C4 reference strains isolated in 1998.There appeared larger variations between groups in C4 subgenotype when analyzing the distance between groups means,especially between the reference strains and isolated strains (D=0.052-0.071).Conclusion The EV71 isolated in Beijing,from 2006 to 2008 also appeared to be C4 subgenotype and there was no significant difference found in the whole sequence ofVP1 gene of the strains isolated from different regions,sources,or under different diseases occurred in the same period.There were more nucleotide variations and more chances for the presence of new subgenotype,suggesting that it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance program on EV71 isolates.

Comparative study of warfarin and aspirin for stroke prevention in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze current stroke prevention measures for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical records of elderly patients with atrial fibrillation treated in our hospital within the recent 5 years. The distribution of high risk factors for different age levels was studied, and the incidence of stroke and complications such as hemorrhage were compared between patients treated with warfarin and aspirin therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with patients of 65 to 75 years old, the incidence of complications with other high risk factors was increased in advanced age group (over 75 years). Of these patients, 19.0% were treated with warfarin and 73.4% with aspirin. Compared with the aspirin group, stroke incidence was decreased significantly in warfarin group, which had simultaneously increased nonfatal hemorrhage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Warfarin can be more effective than aspirin for stroke prevention in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation, but in clinical practice, the usage rate of warfarin still remains low with insufficient monitoring.</p>

Screening differentially expressed genes in the process of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification in vitro / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>The process of vascular calcification involves various genetic alterations which may play a very important role in the vascular calcification. Vascular smooth muscle cells undoubtedly composed the main part of vascular cells, and are involved in vascular calcification. So bovine artery smooth muscle cell (BASMC) was used to investigate the gene changes during BASMC's calcification.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bovine artery smooth muscle cells cultured in vitro was induced calcified by beta-Glycerophosphate (beta-GP). Using DD-PCR technique to screening differentially expressed genes and those differentially expressed bands were reexamined by reverse Northern blot. All the ESTs were sequenced and BLAST with GenBank.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Total 65 cDNAs were isolated as differentially expressed genes and 40 of them were successfully reamplified. Using reverse-Northern blot, seven of these 40 cDNAs were reproducibly expressed differentially between the two cells. Three of them are new bands and have not been reported before.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This is the first time using DD-PCR to screen differentially expressed genes of BASMC calcification. Seven related ESTs were identified relating to BASMC calcification.</p>