Establishment of a method for the evaluation of emergency granulopoiesis in mouse bone marrow with EdU / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To label granulocytes in a state of differentiation in mouse bone marrow (BM) with EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine) for further understanding the changes in granulocyte produc-tion at different stages of differentiation during inflammation. Methods C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneal-ly (i.p.) injected with EdU and heat-inactivated Escherichia coli(HI E.coli). BM cells were harvested at different time points after HI E.coli injection and then stained with fluorescent-conjugated antibodies(Abs). Myeloblasts,promyelocytes,myelocytes, metamyelocytes and band and segmented neutrophils were identi-fied by fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS). The percentage of EdU-positive cells in each population was recorded. Results The percentage of EdU-positive myeloblasts in mice increased by 10.0% at 24 h af-ter intraperitoneal injection with HI E.coli,but decreased by 75.0% and 23.0% at 48 h and 72 h,respec-tively. The percentage of EdU-positive promyelocytes declined by 23.0%,54.5%,64.3% and 77.8% at 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h,respectively. The percentage of EdU-positive myelocytes increased by 60.0% and 10.0% at 24 h and 48 h,but decreased by 80.0% and 90.0% at 72 h and 96 h. The percentage of EdU-positive metamyelocytes increased by 50.0% at 24 h,but decreased by 33.3%,61.5% and 66.7% at 48 h,72 h and 96 h. The percentage of EdU-positive band and segmented cells increased by 14.0% at 24 h,but decreased by 50.0%, 77.8% and 88.0% at 48 h, 72 h and 96 h. Conclusion Emergency granulopoiesis occurred 24 h after the establishment of HI E.coli-induced model of acute peritonitis, which meant that the proliferation of myeloid precursor cells,especially that of myelocytes and metamyelocytes,was accelerated and resulted in increasing number of mature neutrophils immigrating to sites of inflammation.

Correlation between IVF outcomes and Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in male reproductive tract / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) infection in the male reproductive tract on the outcomes of IVF and the clinical significance of preoperative Uu test by analyzing the correlation between the results of Uu culture before IVF-ET and the outcomes of IVF-ET.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Among 1,059 couples undergoing IVF-ET, we selected 973 after excluding genetic factors and divided them into a Uu negative and a Uu positive group according to the results of culture of Uu in the semen of the males. We compared the rates of IVF fertilization, oocyte cleavage, clinical pregnancy and abortion between the two groups, and analyzed the influence of Uu infection on IVF outcomes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 973 selected subjects, 836 were Uu negative (group A) and 137 Uu positive (group B), and of the latter, 130 were restored to Uu negative after treatment (group B1) and the other 7 remained unchanged (group B2). No significant differences were found between groups A and B in the rates of IVF fertilization (81.6% vs 79.8%, P = 0.13), abnormal fertilization (11.8% vs 12.4%, P = 0.58) and oocyte cleavage (92.0% vs 92.1%, P = 0.94), nor between groups A and B2 (81.6% vs 89.8%, P = 0.10; 11.8% vs 13.2%, P = 0.75; 92.0% vs 92.5%, P = 0.10). Totally, 747 of the patients underwent embryo transfer, including 643 in group A and 104 in group B. There were no significant differences between groups A and B in the rates of clinical pregnancy (38.6% vs 34.7%, P = 0.44) and abortion (16.5% vs 22.2%, P = 0.39), nor between groups A and B2 (38.6% vs 33.3%, P = 0.79; 16.5% vs 0, P = 0.53).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Uu infection in the male reproductive tract does not significantly affect the rates of IVF fertilization, oocyte cleavage, clinical pregnancy and abortion. However, more investigations with larger sample sizes of the cases restored from Uu positive to Uu negative are needed to lend further support to our findings.</p>

Progesterone induction keeps a balanced mitochondrial activity and a low ROS productivity in human sperm / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the relative activity of sperm mitochondria and the proportion of ROS-positive sperm before and after capacitation and progesterone (Pg)-induced hyperactivation, and investigate the functional characteristics of sperm mitochondria.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected 20 samples of normal human spermatozoa that met the criteria of WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen (5th ed) and cultured them with the swim-up method in a CO2 incubator at 37 degrees C for 1 hour. We divided the sperm into a pre-capacitation and a capacitated group, and further incubated the capacitated sperm in an upright tube with (Pg-induced group) or without (control group) slow-releasing Pg at 37 degrees C for another hour. Then we determined the relative activity of mitochondria and the percentage of ROS-positive cells in the sperm samples using JC-1 and DCF staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relative activities of mitochondria were significantly increased in the capacitated, control and Pg-induced groups (6.23, 14.36 and 12.33) as compared with the pre-capacitation group (1.42) (P < 0.05), while the percentages of balanced mitochondria (mitochondria with equal amount of high and low electric potentials) remarkably reduced (4.27%, 5.03% and 8.57% vs 21.64%, P < 0.05). The percentages of ROS-positive sperm in the pre-capacitation, capacitated, control and Pg-induced groups were 2.89%, 0.70%, 4.25% and 1.90%, respectively, significantly lower in the capacitated than in the pre-capacitation group (P < 0.01), but dramatically increased in the control group after another hour of swim-up incubation and markedly higher than in the Pg-induced group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Progesterone induction can hyperactive human sperm motility, inhibit the relative activity of mitochondria, keep mitochondria potential at a more balanced level, and reduce the production of ROS, which may help to raise the rate of in vitro fertilization and improve the quality of embryos.</p>

Arthroscopic release with radiofrequency vaporization for knee joint stiffness / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To evaluate the advantages and short term clinical results of arthroscopic release with radiofrequeney vaporization for knee joint stiffness.Methods Arthroscopic release with ra- diofrequency vaporization was done in 32 cases with knee joint stiffness resulted from various causes be- tween January 2002 and June 2005.According to degree of stiffness,32 cases were divided into three groups,ie,Group A(18 cases with suprapatellar bursa adhesions)treated with confectioning at suprapa- tellar bursa and lateral grooves;Group B(eight cases with joint compartment adhesions)managed with debridement at suprapatellar bursa and lateral groove and intereondyloid fossa,bending the knee with pressure and abscising the adhesion part in the joint compartment with radiofrequency vaporization;and Group C(six cases with most part of the joint adhered)treated by making small incision at the lateral or medial upper pole of the patellar as well as a space at the suprapatellar bursa by blunt dissection when it was difficult to insert arthroscope.After that,release combined with massage manipulation and thorough hemostasis by radiofrequency vaporization were carried out.There was no drainage after operation.Pas- sive and active flexion and extension exercises with pressure began two days after operation.Results Pre-operative limitation of flexion was 35?-75?that was increased to 115?-125?three weeks after opera- tion,with mean improvement of 78?in Group A.Pre-operative limitation of flexion was 40?-60?that was increased to 95?-120?three weeks after operation,with mean improvement of 72?in Group B.Pre-opera- tive limitation of flexion was 25?-45?that was increased to 90?-110?three weeks after operation,with mean improvement of 64?in Group C.No haematocele occurred postoperatively,with only slight swelling of the knee.Conclusion Arthroscopic release with radiofrequency vaporization for knee joint stiffness is characterized by less bleeding,minor trauma and reliable release and can be applicable especially for the eases with only adhesion at suprapatellar bursa,lateral groove or joint compartment.