Trends in Lipids Level and Dyslipidemia among Chinese Adults, 2002-2015 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE To investigate the trends of lipid profiles and dyslipidemia among Chinese adults from 2002 to 2015. METHODS Data were collected from three nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. Fasting venous blood samples were collected and serum lipids were tested by biochemical analysis and enzymatic determination. Lipid levels and the prevalence of dyslipidemia among adults were analyzed with complex sampling weighting adjustment for age and gender. RESULTS The weighted means of TC, TG, and LDL-c significantly increased linearly from 3.93, 1.12, and 2.12 mmol/L in 2002 to 4.59, 1.41, and 2.78 mmol/L in 2010 and then to 4.63, 1.47, and 2.87 mmol/L in 2015, respectively; by contrast, HDL-c levels decreased significantly from 1.30 mmol/L to 1.26 mmol/L over the same period. Similar trends in mean non-HDL-c and lipid-related ratios were observed. The weighted dyslipidemia prevalence linearly increased; in particular, hypercholesterolemia increased from 1.6% to 5.6% and then to 5.8%, hypertriglyceridemia increased from 5.7% to 13.6% and then to 15.0%, low HDL-c increased from 18.8% to 35.5% and then to 24.9%, and high LDL-c increased from 1.3% to 5.6% and then to 7.2% (P for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION Dyslipidemia increased among Chinese adults from 2002 to 2015. Development of a comprehensive strategy to decrease lipid levels in this population is urgently required.

Relativity of gene polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 to premature coronary heart disease / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene polymorphism and premature coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese Han population.Methods A total of 505 patients were enrolled in the present study.Of them,375 were definitely diagnosed as CHD and another 130 were excluded from CHD by coronary angiography.Coronary heart disease patients were divided into premature coronary heart disease (male ＜55 years,female ＜65 years) group (n=150) and late onset coronary heart disease (male ≥ 55 years,female ≥ 65 years) group (n=225);According to whether after drinking flushing,the enrolled 505 patients were divided into alcohol flushing syndrome(AFS) group (n=135) and no AFS group (n=370);According to whether used to drinking,they were divided into accustomed to drinking group (n=189) and no drinking custom group (n=316).The ALDH2 gene polymorphism was analyzed by sanger sequencing.Results There was no significant difference in the distribution ofALDH2 genotype between the patients with premature CHD and late-onset CHD,also between CHD and non-CHD (P＞0.05).The logistic regression analysis showed that ALDH2 gene was not a predisposing factor of PCHD and CHD after adjusting for gender,age,smoking,drinking,body mass index (BMI),hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia and family history of CHD (P=0.729,OR=1.098,95％CI 0.648-1.859;P=0.581,OR=1.156,95％CI 0.692-1.930).The incidence of ALDH2 mutant (GA+AA) was significantly higher in AFS group than in no AFS group (67.4％ vs.10.5％,P＜0.01).The gene mutation frequency was markedly higher in no drinking custom group than in accustomed to drinking group (29.7％ vs.19.1％,P＜0.01).Conclusions No obvious correlation exists between ALDH2 gene polymorphism and the incidence of premature CHD or the onset of CHD in Chinese Han population.There is a certain relationship between ALDH2 mutant gene and AFS.

Serological and molecular capsular typing, antibiotic susceptibility and multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from invasive and non-invasive infections / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a major causative agent of severe infections, including sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media, and has become a major public health concern. We report the pneumococcal serotype and sequence type (ST) distribution, and antimicrobial resistance of 39 S. pneumoniae strains from seven hospitals in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sputum isolates from patients were analyzed to determine S. pneumoniae serotypes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the Neufeld Quellung reaction, the multilocus sequence types (MLST) by PCR and sequencing, and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents by the VITEK Gram Positive Susceptibility Card.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 39 isolates were collected including 21 blood/CSF and 18 sputum isolates. Conventional serotyping by the Quellung reaction required 749 reactions. In contrast, PCR based typing needed only 106 PCR reactions. The most frequent serotypes from the blood/CSF isolates were 14 (38.1%), 19A (14.3%), 23F (9.5%), and 18C (9.5%). In the sputum isolates the most frequent serotypes were 19F (33.3%), 23F (16.7%), 19A (11.1%), and 3 (11.1%). The incidence of penicillin resistance in the blood/CSF and sputum isolates was 66.7% and 55.6%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that patients = 5 years old had a higher resistance to penicillin when they compared with the patients = 65 years old (P = 0.011). Serotypes 14, 19A and 19F were significantly associated with penicillin resistance (P < 0.001). ST320, ST271, and ST876 isolates showed high resistant rates to several antibiotics including penicillin (P = 0.006). All of the isolates of serotype 19A were resistant to both penicillin and erythromycin, and they were all multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The specificity and sensitivity of multiplex-PCR are good, and this method represents a substantial savings of time and money, and can be widely used in the laboratory and clinical practice. Data from this research showed an extremely high prevalence of penicillin resistance and an increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) rate in S. pneumoniae. A distinctive emergence of serotype 19A was observed which was also associated with the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, nationwide surveillance of pneumococcal resistance and serotypes is strongly warranted.</p>