Reliability of a chairside CAD-CAM surgical guide for dental implant surgery on the anterior maxilla: An in vitro study

PURPOSE@#. This study evaluated the reliability of the chair-side CAD-CAM surgical guide (CSG) in the anterior maxilla by comparing its accuracy with the laboratory 3D-printed surgical guide (3DSG) and manual surgical guide (MSG) concerning different levels of dentists' surgical experience. @*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#. Ten surgical guides of each type (MSG, 3DSG, and CSG) were fabricated on a control study model with missing right and left central incisors. Sixty implants were placed in 30 study models by two dentists (one inexperienced and one experienced) using three different types of surgical guides. Horizontal deviations at shoulder and at apex, vertical, and angular deviations were measured after superimposing the planned and placed implant positions in the software. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the accuracy of three types of surgical guides in each dentist group and the accuracy of each surgical guide between two dentists (α = .05). @*RESULTS@#. There were no significant differences in any deviations between CSG and 3DSG, apart from angular deviation, for both dentists’ groups. Moreover, both CSG and 3DSG showed no significant differences in accuracy between the two dentists (P > .05). In contrast, MSG demonstrated significant differences from CSG and 3DSG and a significant difference in accuracy between the two dentists (P < .05). @*CONCLUSION@#. CSG provides superior accuracy to MSG in implant placement in the maxillary anterior region and is comparable to 3DSG at different levels of surgical experience, while offering the benefits of shorter manufacturing time and reduced patient visits.

Extraction of mandibular third molars: relationship of preoperative anxiety with body mass index, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, and visual analog scale scores and predictors of postoperative complications

Objectives@#Patients undergoing oral surgery exhibit high anxiety, which may elevate their cortisol levels and affect postoperative recovery. Overweight patients are often encountered in the dental clinic due to the increasing prevalence of overweight. We aimed to investigate the relationships between preoperatively assessed body mass index (BMI), serum cortisol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores and preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing mandibular third molar (MM3) extraction and to identify predictors of postoperative complications. @*Patients and Methods@#We analyzed 43 patients (age, 20-42 years) undergoing MM3 extraction. At the first visit, patients completed the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) questionnaires. Their BMI and VAS scores were also calculated. The participants underwent blood tests 1 hour before MM3 extraction. On the first postoperative day, the participants’ VAS scores and serum hs-CRP levels were reevaluated. @*Results@#We found that BMI was significantly correlated with preoperative VAS scores. Further, BMI and preoperative hs-CRP levels were significantly correlated among women and patients undergoing extractions of fully impacted MM3s. No correlations were found between serum cortisol and other variables. The preoperative MDAS and VAS scores were significantly positively correlated, especially among patients undergoing extractions of fully impacted MM3s. Multiple linear regression showed that BMI and the eruption status of the MM3 were significant predictors of postoperative hsCRP levels and VAS scores, respectively. @*Conclusion@#In MM3 removals, patients with higher BMI showed elevated hs-CRP and higher VAS scores before surgery. Patients with higher anxiety among those undergoing extractions of fully impacted MM3s showed higher preoperative VAS scores. The two main predictors of postoperative complications were BMI and MM3 eruption status.

The double-barrier technique using platelet-rich fibrin for closure of oroantral fistulas

An oroantral fistula (OAF) or oroantral communication (OAC) is an opening between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus. If left untreated, these openings may cause chronic maxillary sinusitis. Although small defects (diameter <5 mm) may close spontaneously, larger communications require surgical intervention. Various studies have been conducted on OAC closure using a platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane; most of these prior studies have involved simple direct application of PRF clots. This study introduces a new “double-barrier technique” using PRF for closure of an OAF involving sinus mucosal lifting and closure. The PRF material is inserted into the prepared maxillary sinus space, and the buccal advancement flap covers the oral side. This technique was successfully used to treat two patients with chronic OAF in the posterior maxillary region after implant removal or tooth extraction. The use of a PRF membrane in a double-barrier technique may have advantages in soft-tissue healing and could enable easy closure of chronic OAF with minimal trauma.

The use of a pedicled buccal fat pad for reconstruction of posterior mandibular defects / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

Background@#The pedicled buccal fat pad has been used for a long time to reconstruct oral defects due to its ease of flap formation and few complications. Many cases related to reconstruction of defects in the maxilla, such as closing the oroantral fistula, have been reported, but cases related to the reconstruction of defects in the mandible are limited. Under adequate anterior traction, pedicled buccal fat pad can be a reliable and effective method for reconstruction of surgical defects in the posterior mandible.Case presentation: This study describes two cases of reconstruction of surgical oral defects in the posterior mandible, all of which were covered by a pedicled buccal fat pad. The size of the flap was sufficient to perfectly close the defect without any tension. Photographic and radiologic imaging showed successful closure of the defects and no problems were noted in the treated area. @*Conclusion@#In conclusion, the pedicled buccal fat pad graft is a convenient and reliable method for the reconstruction of surgical defects on the posterior mandible.

A large invasive chondroblastoma on the temporomandibular joint and external auditory canal: a case report and literature review / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

Background@#Chondroblastomas, which account for approximately 1% of all bone tumors, typically occur in long bones, such as the femur, humerus, and tibia. However, in extremely rare cases, they may also occur in the craniofacial region where the tumor is often found in the squamous portion of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and in the temporal bone.Case presentation: This case report describes a large chondroblastoma (diameter, approximately 37 mm) that occurred in the TMJ. The tumor was sufficiently aggressive to destroy the TMJ, mandibular condyle neck, external auditory canal (EAC), mandibular fossa of the temporal bone, and facial nerve. The tumor was completely excised using a pre-auricular approach. The EAC and surgical defect were successfully reconstructed using a temporoparietal fascia flap (TPFF) and an inguinal free fat graft. There was no local tumor recurrence at the 18-month follow-up visits. However, the patient developed sensory neural hearing loss, and his eyebrow paralysis worsened, eventually requiring plastic surgery. @*Conclusion@#Large, invasive chondroblastomas of the TMJ can be completely removed through a pre-auricular approach, and the resulting surgical defect can be reconstructed using TPFF and free fat grafts. However, preoperative evaluation of the facial nerve and auditory function is necessary. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is essential.

Use of platelet-rich fibrin and natural bone regeneration in regenerative surgery

No abstract available.

Conservative surgical treatment for ameloblastoma: a report of three cases

Ameloblastoma treatment varies based on the clinical, histopathologic, and radiographic characteristics. Aggressive surgical treatments, such as marginal or segmental resection, have traditionally been implemented, but some conservative surgical methods are also being introduced, including decompression, enucleation, or curettage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of applying these conservative surgical treatments to ameloblastoma and to analyze the prognosis of the procedures and their healing aspects. Among all patients who visited our clinic (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital at Gangdong) from 2009 to 2017, three who had undergone conservative surgery were recruited. One of these three patients underwent both excision of the lesion and an iliac bone graft during the same procedure. In the other two patients, due to the size of the lesion, decompression was performed to reduce the size of the lesion, and then conservative surgical treatments followed. As shown in the cases of this study, patients were only treated with conservative surgical methods, such as decompression or enucleation. During the follow-up period, there were no recurrences. In conclusion, the use of conservative surgical treatment in ameloblastoma can be a reliable, safe, and successful method.

The Effect of Fibronectin-Immobilized Microgrooved Titanium Substrata on Cell Proliferation and Expression of Genes and Proteins in Human Gingival Fibroblasts

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the effect of fibronectin (FN)-immobilized microgrooved titanium (Ti) on human gingival fibroblast proliferation, gene expression and protein expression. METHODS: Photolithography was used to fabricate the microgrooved Ti, and amine funtionalization (silanization) was used for FN immobilization on titanium surfaces. Cell proliferation, gene expression and protein expression were analyzed, followed by multiple regression analysis for determining the influential factors on cell proliferation. RESULTS: FN-immobilized microgrooved Ti significantly enhanced the fibroblast proliferation in various timelines of culture, among which a burst of fivefold increase is induced at 96 h of culture compared to that on the control smooth Ti. We suggest a presence of the synergistic promotion effect of microgrooves and FN immobilization on fibroblast proliferation. Through a series of analyses on the expression of various genes and proteins involved in cell adhesion and proliferation, cyclin-dependent kinase 6, cyclin D1, integrin α5, oncogene c-Src, osteonectin, paxillin and talin-2 were determined as influential factors on promoting fibroblast proliferation induced by FN-immobilized microgrooved Ti. CONCLUSION: FN-immobilized microgrooved Ti can act as an effective surface for enhancing fibroblast proliferation, and can be used for promoting soft tissue response on the connective tissue attachment zone of biomaterial surfaces.

Surgical Treatment for a Huge Maxillary Ameloblastoma via Le Fort I Osteotomy: A Case Report

Ameloblastomaa are odontogenic benign tumors with epithelial origin, which are characterized by slow, aggressive, and invasive growth. Most ameloblastomas occur in the mandible, and their prevalence in the maxilla is low. A 27-year-old male visited our clinic with a chief complaint of the left side nasal airway obstruction. Three-dimensional computed tomography showed left maxillary sinus filled with a mass. Except for the perforated maxillary left edentulous area, no invaded or destructed bone was noted. The tumor was excised via Le Fort I osteotomy. The main mass was then sent for biopsy and it revealed acanthomatous ameloblastoma. The lesion in the left maxillary sinus reached the ethmoidal sinus through the nasal cavity but did not invade the orbit and skull base. The tumor was accessed through a Le Fort I downfracture in consideration of the growth pattern and range of invasion. The operation site healed without aesthetic appearances and functional impairments. However, further long-term clinical observation is necessary in the future for the recurrence of ameloblastoma. Conservative surgical treatment could be the first choice considering fast recovery after surgery and the patient's life quality.

Reconstruction of large oroantral defects using a pedicled buccal fat pad / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

BACKGROUND: Oroantral communicating defects, characterized by a connection between the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity, are often induced by tooth extraction, removal of cysts and benign tumors, and resection of malignant tumors. The surgical defect may develop into an oroantral fistula, with resultant patient discomfort and chronic maxillary sinusitis. Small defects may close spontaneously; however, large oroantral defects generally require reconstruction. These large defects can be reconstructed with skin grafts and vascularized free flaps with or without bone graft. However, such surgical techniques are complex and technically difficult. A buccal fat pad is an effective, reliable, and straightforward material for reconstruction. CASE PRESENTATION: This report describes three cases of reconstruction of large oroantral defects, all of which were covered by a pedicled buccal fat pad. Follow-up photography and radiologic imaging showed successful closure of the oroantral defects. Furthermore, there were no operative site complications, and no patient reported postsurgical discomfort. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the use of the pedicled buccal fat pad is a reliable, safe, and successful method for the reconstruction of large oroantral defects.

Midfacial degloving approach for management of the maxillary fibrous dysplasia: a case report / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

BACKGROUND: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign bone lesion characterized by the progressive replacement of normal bone with fibro-osseous connective tissue. The maxilla is the most commonly affected area of facial bone, resulting in facial asymmetry and functional disorders. Surgery is an effective management option and involves removing the diseased bone via an intraoral approach: conservative bone shaving or radical excision and reconstruction. CASE PRESENTATION: This case report describes a monostotic fibrous dysplasia in which the patient’s right midface had a prominent appearance. The asymmetric maxillary area was surgically recontoured via the midfacial degloving approach under general anesthesia. Follow-up photography and radiographic imaging after surgery showed the structures were in a stable state without recurrence of the FD lesion. Furthermore, there were no visible scars or functional disability, and the patient reported no postoperative discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the midfacial degloving approach for treatment of maxillary fibrous dysplasia is a reliable and successful treatment option. Without visible scars and virtually free of postoperative functional disability, this approach offers good exposure of the middle third of the face for treatment of maxillary fibrous dysplasia with excellent cosmetic outcomes.

The use of buccal fat pad in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction

No abstract available.

The use of buccal fat pad in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction

No abstract available.

Effect of microgrooves and fibronectin conjugation on the osteoblast marker gene expression and differentiation

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of fibronectin (FN)-conjugated, microgrooved titanium (Ti) on osteoblast differentiation and gene expression in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Photolithography was used to fabricate the microgrooved Ti, and amine functionalization (silanization) was used to immobilize fibronectin on the titanium surfaces. Osteoblast differentiation and osteoblast marker gene expression were analyzed by means of alkaline phosphatase activity assay, extracellular calcium deposition assay, and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: The conjugation of fibronectin on Ti significantly increased osteoblast differentiation in MSCs compared with non-conjugated Ti substrates. On the extracellular calcium deposition assays of MSCs at 21 days, an approximately two-fold increase in calcium concentration was observed on the etched 60-microm-wide/10-microm-deep microgrooved surface with fibronectin (E60/10FN) compared with the same surface without fibronectin (E60/10), and a more than four-fold increase in calcium concentration was observed on E60/10FN compared with the non-etched control (NE0) and etched control (E0) surfaces. Through a series of analyses to determine the expression of osteoblast marker genes, a significant increase in all the marker genes except type I collagen alpha1 mRNA was seen with E60/10FN more than with any of the other groups, as compared with NE0. CONCLUSION: The FN-conjugated, microgrooved Ti substrate can provide an effective surface to promote osteoblast differentiation and osteoblast marker gene expression in MSCs.

A Case Report of Temporomandibular Bilateral Osseous Ankylosis Treated by Total Joint Replacement in Ankylosing Spondylitis

Polymorphous Low-grade Adenocarcinoma of the Palate: Case Report

Mediastinitis: a case report

Acute mediastinitis is a fatal infection which occurs related to connective tissue of mediastium, in the thoratic organs. Occurrence of mediastinitis due to craniocervical infection is very rare, and is defined as descending necrotizing mediastinitis. November 8th, 2008, man in his early fifties visited ER due to severe swelling on left neck area and dyspnea. Antibiotic were administered immediately, and vast amount of abscess formation on pneumomediastinum and adjacent tissues were observed via chest computed tomography. With cooperation of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery department, emergency incision and drainage with drain insertion was done to remove abscess, and control the infection. After surgery, everyday saline irrigation through drain was done during hospitalization, with continues antibiotic therapy. Descending necrotising mediastinitis is a most rare and dangerous infection which occurs on oropharyngeal area. In case of descending necrotising mediastinitis, accurate diagnosis, airway maintenance, remove of abscess by incision and drainage, aggressive antibiotic therapy and continuous saline irrigation is necessary to increase patient survivability. Also, computed tomography with contrast media is essential to figure out the size and location of the infection and abscess formation.

Introduction of Radiofrequency Reduction of Masseter Muscle and Case Reports

schwannoma developed from trigeminal nerve

Schwannoma named neurinoma, peripheral glioma, perineural fibriblastoma and Neurilemmoma is a ectodermal benign neoplasm which originates from schwann cell or neuro axons. It usually develops in peripheral systems of sensory nerves of gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and bone. It occurs more frequently in soft tissue than hard tissue, and is extremely rare in intraoral area. We report a case of Schwannoma that showed large mass on buccal cheek with Rt. midfacial swelling, pain, tenderness to palpation and involvement with maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve. We present this case and review the literature.

Molecular biology in dental implant

Osseointegration is a result of bone formation and bone regeneration processes, which takes place at the interface between bone and implant, and it indicates a rigid fixation that can be stably maintained while functional loading is applied inside the oral cavity as well as after implant placement. Although many researches were carried out about osseointegration mechanism, but cellular and molecular events have not been clarified. With recent development of molecular biology, some researches have examined biological determinants, such as cytokine, growth factors, bone matrix proteins, during osseointegration between bone and implant surface, other researches attempted to study the ways to increase bone formation by adhering protein to implant surface or by inserting growth factors during implant placement. Cellular research on the reaction of osteoblast especially to surface morphology (e.g. increased roughness) has been carried out and found that the surface roughness of titanium implant affects the growth of osteoblast, cytokine formation and mineralization. While molecular biological research in dental implant is burgeoning. Yet, its results are insignificant . We have been studying the roles of growth factors during osseointegration, comparing different manifestations of growth factors by studying the effect of osseointegration that varied by implant surface. Of many growth factors, TGF-beta, IGF-I, BMP2, and BMP4, which plays a significant role in bone formation, were selected, and examined if these growth factors are manifested during osseointegration. The purpose of this article is to present result of our researches and encourage molecular researches in dental implant.