Effectiveness and prognosis of 23G vitrectomy for perforating ocular trauma caused by metallic foreign bodies / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To summarize the characteristics of ocular perforation caused by metallic foreign body, evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 23G vitrectomy, and analyze the factors that affect the final vision of patients with ocular trauma score. <p>METHODS: Continuous observation and analysis from July 1, 2014 to June 1, 2016, hospitalized in our hospital caused by metallic perforating ocular trauma for 23G vitrectomy in 38 cases(38 eyes). A prospective collection of patient included age, gender, eye, place of occurance of trauma, foreign body size, wound length, foreign body position, initial visual acuity and final visual acuity, macular etc.. The ocular trauma score(OTS)system was used to assess the effectiveness and prognosis of the patients. The follow-up time was over 6mo. <p>RESULTS: There were 38 eyes in 38 patients, including 37 males and 1 females, aged 16y-56y. Ocular trauma mainly occurred in the workplace, 33 cases accounted for 87%, followed by sports venues, 3 cases accounting for 8%. Corrected visual acuity more than 0.1 in eyes with intraocular foreign bodies underwent 23G vitrectomy were 21 cases, accounting for 55%. Preoperative retinal detachment, large foreign body(more than 5.0mm), damage of lens were important factors of poor prognosis. Foreign bodies were located in the vitreous body in 23 cases, accounting for 61%, located in the retina in 15 cases, accounting for 39%. When admitted to hospital, the patients suffered from retinal detachment in 21 cases(55%), endophthalmitis in 7 cases(18%), the size of intraocular foreign bodies(IFOB)was larger than 5.0mm in 7 cases(18%), severe postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)was in 6 cases(16%), epiretinal membrance of macula in 5 cases(13%). Of the same OTS scores, visual acuity in 6mo was significantly better than preoperative; no matter preoperative vision or postoperative vision in 6mo, the higher the OTS scores, the better the visual acuity. <p>CONCLUSION: The ocular perforation caused by metallic foreign body mostly occurs in young men under 40y, and the main reason is injury in the workplace. No protective measures are adopted. The main factors affecting the final visual acuity are retinal detachment, foreign body greater than 5.0mm and postoperative PVR appearance after the injury, vitrectomy time has little effect. The 23G vitrectomy is safe, reliable and effective in the treatment of ocular penetrating injuries due to metallic foreign bodies. OTS score can be used effectively in patients with ocular perforation caused by metallic foreign bodies and make reasonable and useful postoperative visual acuity prediction.

Impact of smoking status and pathologic type on epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in lung carcinomas can make the disease more responsive to the treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of EGFR mutations in a large series of lung carcinomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We examined 1195 consecutive lung cancer patients for EGFR mutations in exons 18, 19, and 21 using direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. A detailed smoking history was obtained. Patients were categorized as never smokers (< 100 lifetime cigarettes), former smokers (quit > 1 year ago), or current smokers (quit < 1 year ago).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were EGFR mutations in 9 (4.5%) of 201 squamous carcinomas, in 1 (2%) of 50 large cell carcinomas, and in 1 (2.3%) of 44 small cell carcinomas that were investigated. Three hundred and twenty-seven mutations were found in the series of 858 adenocarcinomas (38.1%). Among 858 lung adenocarcinomas, we detected EGFR mutations in 250 (48.6%) of 514 never smokers, 39 (33.9%) of 115 former smokers, and 38 (16.6%) of 229 current smokers. Significantly fewer EGFR mutations were found in people who smoked for more than 15 pack-years (P = 0.0002) or stopped smoking less than 15 years ago (P = 0.033) compared with individuals who never smoked.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Adenocarcinoma is the most frequent EGFR mutation pathologic type in lung cancer. The likelihood of EGFR mutations in exons 18, 19 and 21 decreases as the number of pack-years increases. Mutations were less common in people who smoked for more than 15 pack-years or who stopped smoking cigarettes less than 15 years ago. These data can assist clinicians in assessing the likelihood of exons 18, 19, or 21 EGFR mutations in Chinese patients with lung cancer when mutational analysis is not feasible.</p>

A diagnostic model of cerebrospinal protein fingerprint pattern for brain metastases of non-small cell lung cancer / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a diagnostic model of protein fingerprint pattern in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The CSF samples were obtained from 29 NSCLC patients with brain metastasis, 23 non-tumor patients and 10 early-stage NSCLC patients without brain metastases for analysis of the protein expression profiles using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). The data were then analyzed by Biomarker Wizard software, and the tree analysis patterns were generated using the decision-tree model in Biomarker Patterns software. The diagnostic model was tested for its clinical application.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five protein peaks were identified showing differential expression between patients with brain metastases and those without brain metastases. Combination of the 3 protein peaks (m/z: 8698.00, 1215.32 and 1245.70) could discriminate these two samples with a sensitivity of 100.00% (29/29) and a specificity of 100.00% (23/23). Five proteins were differentially expressed between the NSCLC patients with brain metastases and the non-tumor patients. With one protein peak (m/z: 6050.00), these two samples could be discriminated with a sensitivity of 90.00% (9/10) and a specificity of 78.26% (18/23).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The established diagnostic model of CSF protein fingerprint pattern provides high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of NSCLC with brain metastasis.</p>

Association between the polymorphism of GNB3C825T gene and vasovagal syncope in children / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Investigate the association between GNB3C825T gene polymorphism and pediatric vasovagal syncope.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Syncope group consisted of 54 cases of unexplained syncope in children, including 18 males and 36 females, at the age of 11.8 years; control group consisted of 54 healthy children over the same period, of whom 20 were male and 34 female, at the age of 11.2 years. The patients underwent head-up tilt test (HUTT). According to HUTT test results, HUTT-positive group and HUTT-negative group were further classified. For cases in HUTT-positive group, based on the changes in blood pressure and in heart rate during HUTT, vasodepressor, mixed and cardioinhibitory patterns were studied. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood in all the patients. A pair of primers was designed flanking 825 polymorphic loci. Products were recovered by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). GNB3C825T polymorphism was detected by using gene-side GNB3C825T sequencing. Allele distribution between the various groups were studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Among fifty-four children with syncope, HUTT was positive in 30 cases, including vasodepressor pattern in 15 cases (50.0%), mixed pattern in 9 cases (30.0%) and cardioinhibitory pattern in 6 cases (20.0%). Whereas the subjects in control group had negative HUTT response. GNB3C825T allele C in the control and syncope groups was 81.5% and 65.7%, respectively. GNB3C825T allele T in the control and syncope groups was 18.5% and 34.3%, respectively (χ(2) = 6.888, P < 0.05). GNB3C825T allele C in HUTT-positive and negative groups was 61.7% and 81.3%, respectively. And GNB3C825T allele T in HUTT-positive and negative groups was 38.3% and 18.7%, respectively (χ(2) = 4.905, P < 0.05). GNB3C825T allele frequency did not show statistically significant difference among the 3 hemodynamic patterns of VVS (χ(2) = 0.658, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Study on GNB3C825T allele frequency in children with vasovagal syncope is of significant value for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of VVS and provide a molecular biologic basis for its mechanisms.</p>

Protective effect of Oviductus Ranae capsules on the reproductive organs of aged mice / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the protective effect of Oviductus Ranae (OR) capsules on the reproductive organs in an aged mouse model established by D-galactose injection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight female Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups, namely the high- and low-dose OR groups, diethylstilbestrol (DT) group, and model group. The mice received subcutaneous injection of D-galactose for 6 weeks to establish aging models. Another 12 mice were injected daily with normal saline (NS) to serve as the normal control group. From the third week of the experiment, the mice were given oral OR at low or high doses (in the OR groups) or vegetable oil (in the model or control groups) till the sixth week. In the last two weeks, the vaginal smears were obtained from the mice for evaluating the changes of the vaginal keratinocytes and counting the days of estrus. After completion of drug administration, all the mice were sacrificed and the serum content of estradiol (E(2)) was detected by radioimmunoassay, with the ovarian and uterine indices determined. The ovarian and uterine pathologies were observed using HE staining, and SOD and MDA activities in the ovary and uterus were also assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>OR obviously increased E(2) level and the ovarian and uterine indices in the aged mice, also alleviating the pathological change of the ovary and uterus. OR substantially depressed MDA content and enhanced SOD activity in the ovary and uterus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>OR has definite antioxidative effects and ameliorates the degenerative changes of the reproductive organs in mouse models of aging.</p>

Weekly gemcitabine as a radiosensitiser for the treatment of brain metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: phase I trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Conventional treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases (BM) is whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). The efficacy is limited. It might be increased by a potent radiosensitizer such as gemcitabine, which is believed to cross the disrupted blood-brain barrier. The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of weekly gemcitabine given concurrently with WBRT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients with BM from NSCLC were included. The dose of WBRT was 3750 cGy (total 15 times, 3 weeks). Gemcitabine was given concurrently with WBRT on days 1, 8 and 15. The starting dose was 400 mg/m(2), escalated by 100 mg/m(2) increments. At least three patients were included per level. Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as grade 4 hematological or grade 2 neurological toxicity. When two or more patients experience DLT, the MTD was reached.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 16 patients were included; 69% had a performance status (PS) 1 (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, ECOG). A total of 69% had concurrent active extra cranial diseases. All had more than 3 BM. Up to 600 mg/m(2) (level 3) no neurology toxicity was observed. At 600 mg/m(2) two out of 9 patients developed grade 4 thrombocytopenia. One of the two patients' thrombocytopenia was confused with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). At 700 mg/m(2) two out of 4 patients developed neurotoxicities. One developed grade 3 seizure and cognitive disorder. Another patient developed suspected grade 2 muscle weakness.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The MTD was reached at a dose of 700 mg/m(2). The dose of 600 mg/m(2) would be considered for further study.</p>

Pattern of abnormal skeletal development in girls with idiopathic precocious puberty and therapeutic effect of Chinese herbs for nourishing yin and purging fire / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the pattern of abnormal skeletal development in girls with idiopathic precocious puberty (IPP) and the therapeutic effect of Chinese herbs for nourishing yin and purging fire (CH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Measurement of bone age, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone density (BD) were performed and levels of serum gla-protein (BGP), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) were determined in girls with IPP at various stages of pubertal development. Data were compared with those collected from matched girls, and the correlativity between various parameters and the extent of the disease were analyzed to explore the pattern. Thirty-eight girls out of them were treated with CH and the therapeutic effect was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The bone age of the IPP girls was ahead of time obviously (P < 0.05), levels of BMC, BD and serum BGP, IGF-1 were significantly higher than the levels in the healthy girls of matched age (P < 0.05). And the degree of these changes were markedly positive correlated with the severity of disease (P < 0.05). After being remitted with CH treatment, the advanced bone age was apparently alleviated, and above-mentioned abnormal criteria were lowered significantly (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The skeletal development of the girls with IPP was accelerated and the skeletal maturity were ahead of time, the more serious the condition of disease, the more obvious the acceleration and the advanced bone age. CH could decelerate skeletal development and delay the skeletal maturity of IPP patients.</p>

Clinical Value of Perioperative Plasma D-Dimer in Pediatric Radiofrequency Ablation / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the effects of radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA)on the blood coaguable states and the clinical value of perioperative plasma D-dimer.Methods The plasma level of D-dimer was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in blood samples of 30 children who were undertaken RFCA.Blood samples were consecutively obtained before cannulating,after electrophysiologic(EP)study,immediately after RFCA,the second day and the seventh day after RFCA.The centrifuged spead was 3 000 r/min,keep it for 10 minutes to obtain the upper plasma,and the crvopreserve.Results The plasma levels of D-dimer was highest at the time point when RFCA was successfully accomplished and restored to preoperative level in the seventh day after RFCA.There were statistically significant difference in the paried values at different time points(Pa